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Artificial visual perception neural system using a solution-processable MoS_(2)-based in-memory light sensor

Light(science & Applications) 2023年第8期12卷 1583-1594页

作者： Dayanand Kumar Lana Joharji Hanrui Li Ayman Rezk Ammar Nayfeh Nazek El-Atab Smart Advanced Memory Devices and Applications(SAMA)LaboratoryElectrical and Computer Engineering ProgramComputer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Khalifa UniversityAbu Dhabi 127788United Arab Emirates

Optoelectronic devices are advantageous in in-memory light sensing for visual information processing,recognition,and storage in an energy-efficient ***,in-memory light sensors have been proposed to improve the energy,area,and time efficiencies of neuromorphic computing *** study is primarily focused on the development of a single sensing-storage-processing node based on a two-terminal solution-processable MoS2 metal-oxide-semiconductor(MOS)charge-trapping memory structure—the basic structure for charge-coupled devices(CCD)—and showing its suitability for in-memory light sensing and artificial visual *** memory window of the device increased from 2.8 V to more than 6V when the device was irradiated with optical lights of different wavelengths during the program ***,the charge retention capability of the device at a high temperature(100 ℃)was enhanced from 36 to 64%when exposed to a light wavelength of 400 *** larger shift in the threshold voltage with an increasing operating voltage confirmed that more charges were trapped at the Al_(2)O_(3)/MoS_(2) interface and in the MoS_(2) layer.A small convolutional neural network was proposed to measure the optical sensing and electrical programming abilities of the *** array simulation received optical images transmitted using a blue light wavelength and performed inference computation to process and recognize the images with 91%*** study is a significant step toward the development of optoelectronic MOS memory devices for neuromorphic visual perception,adaptive parallel processing networks for in-memory light sensing,and smart CCD cameras with artificial visual perception capabilities.

关键词： visual neural process

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A Survey of Edge Caching:Key Issues and Challenges

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2024年第3期29卷 818-842页

作者： Hanwen Li Mingtao Sun Fan Xia Xiaolong Xu Muhammad Bilal School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Shandong Provincial University Laboratory for Protected Horticulture Weifang University of Science and TechnologyWeifang 262700China Reading Academy Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Computer Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign StudiesYongin-si 17035Republic of Korea

With the rapid development of mobile communication technology and intelligent applications,the quantity of mobile devices and data traffic in networks have been growing exponentially,which poses a great burden to networks and brings huge challenge to servicing user *** caching,which utilizes the storage and computation resources of the edge to bring resources closer to end users,is a promising way to relieve network burden and enhance user *** this paper,we aim to survey the edge caching techniques from a comprehensive and systematic *** first present an overview of edge caching,summarizing the three key issues regarding edge caching,i.e.,where,what,and how to cache,and then introducing several significant caching *** then carry out a detailed and in-depth elaboration on these three issues,which correspond to caching locations,caching objects,and caching strategies,*** particular,we innovate on the issue“what to cache”,interpreting it as the classification of the“caching objects”,which can be further classified into content cache,data cache,and service ***,we discuss several open issues and challenges of edge caching to inspire future investigations in this research area.

关键词： edge caching edge computing caching location caching object caching strategy 5G networkarchitecture Internet of Things(IoT)

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Adjusting Logit in Gaussian Form for Long-Tailed Visual Recognition

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第10期5卷 5026-5039页

作者： Li, Mengke Cheung, Yiu-Ming Lu, Yang Hu, Zhikai Lan, Weichao Huang, Hui Shenzhen518132 China Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Computer Science 999077 Hong Kong Xiamen University Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart City School of Informatics Xiamen361005 China Shenzhen University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen518060 China

It is not uncommon that real-world data are distributed with a long tail. For such data, the learning of deep neural networks becomes challenging because it is hard to classify tail classes correctly. In the literature, several existing methods have addressed this problem by reducing classifier bias, provided that the features obtained with long-tailed data are representative enough. However, we find that training directly on long-tailed data leads to uneven embedding space. That is, the embedding space of head classes severely compresses that of tail classes, which is not conducive to subsequent classifier learning. This article therefore studies the problem of long-tailed visual recognition from the perspective of feature level. We introduce feature augmentation to balance the embedding distribution. The features of different classes are perturbed with varying amplitudes in Gaussian form. Based on these perturbed features, two novel logit adjustment methods are proposed to improve model performance at a modest computational overhead. Subsequently, the distorted embedding spaces of all classes can be calibrated. In such balanced-distributed embedding spaces, the biased classifier can be eliminated by simply retraining the classifier with class-balanced sampling data. Extensive experiments conducted on benchmark datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art ones. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Benchmarking

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An Evaluation System for Large Language Models based on Open-Ended Questions 11

An Evaluation System for Large Language Models based on Open...

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11th IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing, CSCloud 2024

作者： Cao, Zhiyuan Ma, Zeyu Chen, Mingang Computer and Information Engineering College Shanghai Polytechnic University Shanghai Key Laboratory of Computer Software Testing and Evaluating Shanghai Development Center of Computer Software Technology Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Computer Software Testing and Evaluating Shanghai Development Center of Computer software Technology Mathematical and Science College Shanghai Normal University Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Computer Software Testing and Evaluating Shanghai Development Center of Computer software Technology Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376982

We designed a large language model evaluation system based on open-ended questions. The system accomplished multidimensional evaluation of LLMs using open-ended questions, and it presented evaluation results with evaluation reports. Currently, the evaluation of large-scale language models often exists with two prominent limitations: (1) The evaluation methods are often single-minded, resulting in less credible results. (2) Most evaluations are based on datasets with closed-ended questions, treating generative large language models as discriminative models, which fails to adequately reflect the high output flexibility characteristic of these models. For these two limitations, we proposed an evaluation system for LLMs based on open-ended questions. Our experiments on the adapted open-source datasets demonstrated the effectiveness of this system. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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Fine-Tuning GPT-4o-Mini for Programming Questions Generation

Fine-Tuning GPT-4o-Mini for Programming Questions Generation

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2024 International Conference on computer and Applications, ICCA 2024

作者： Hesham, Alaa Hamdy, Abeer The British University in Egypt Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science Department of Software Engineering Cairo Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9798350367560

Creating programming questions that are both meaningful and educationally relevant is a critical task in computer science education. This paper introduces a fine-tuned GPT4o-mini model (C2Q). It is designed to generate meaningful questions by leveraging semantic feature extraction and well- crafted prompts. The approach addresses the limitations of traditional generative models, offering a deeper understanding of programming code and producing questions that are precise, diverse, and relevant to a given code snippets. The proposed framework incorporates essential code elements, such as control structures and method attributes, to generate questions that align with programming concepts. Evaluation metrics used were BLEU, ROUGE-1, and ROUGE-L to evaluate the model's performance. The findings reveal that the model achieves better structural coherence and conceptual relevance while focusing on contextual understanding over exact term matching. This work highlights the potential of the proposed approach to advance teaching and assessment methods in computer science. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Program processors

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MLPFormer: MLP-integrated transformer for colorectal histopathology whole slide image segmentation

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第6期37卷 4651-4661页

作者： Wang, Yuxuan Li, Dan Li, Xuechen Guo, Yan Zuo, Yanfei Shen, Linlin Department of Computer Science Wenzhou-Kean University Wenzhou China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Wuyi University Jiangmen China Department of Histo Pathology Shanghai Histo Pathology Diagnostic Center Shanghai China College of Computer Sicence and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

Colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia is a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer, which is mainly diagnosed using pathological images. According to the characteristics of lesions, precancerous lesions can be classified into four different grades, i.e., background, normal, low and high level. However, due to the continuity of lesion development, tissue in different stages has high similarity. Recently, visual transformers have achieved impressive results in different visual tasks, due to their capacity of capturing long-range dependencies. However, due to computational cost, transformer cannot well extract detailed feature, which is important for lesion grading. To accurately segment pathological tissues with high similarity, in this work, we embed the multi-head MLP mixer module in the transformer network to extract cell and edge information. Furthermore, we propose a hierarchical MLP decoder to facilitate multi-scale feature fusion. The proposed transformer, namely MLPFormer, achieves remarkable results against competitive baselines on the Histo-CRC Biopsy dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that MLPFormer significantly outperforms the competitive baselines, i.e., a 3% dice improvement is achieved over the SegFormer series. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image segmentation

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A Study on Identifying, Categorizing and Reporting Usability Bugs and Challenges 4

A Study on Identifying, Categorizing and Reporting Usability...

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4th International Conference on Communication Technologies, ComTech 2023

作者： Ain, Qurat Ul Rana, Tauseef Aamana Department of Computer Science Islamabad Pakistan NUST Military College of Signals Department of Computer Software Engineering Islamabad Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Rawalpindi Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337211

To assess the quality, acceptability and user experience of interactive applications, usability is one of the most integral quality attributes. However, significant number of usability bugs are being experienced by the end users of interactive applications thus creating a gap between users and technology. To bridge this gap and to overcome those usability bugs and challenges, it is significantly important to clearly identify the those usability bugs along with the gaps and challenges causing them. This research study aims to identify the usability bugs being experienced by users of interactive applications and proposes a categorization taxonomy for the identified bugs. Moreover, to reach the cause of emergence of usability bugs, the study attempts to identify and report the usability gaps and challenges in existing usability practices. Furthermore, this study performs a mapping between the identified gaps and challenges in existing practices to that of the recommendations to address the identified gaps. Index Terms - Usability, interactive applications, usability bugs, user experience, user satisfaction, usability testing, user interface. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： User interfaces

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Traffic Management in Internet of Vehicles Using Improved Ant Colony Optimization

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第6期75卷 5379-5393页

作者： Abida Sharif Imran Sharif Muhammad Asim Saleem Muhammad Attique Khan Majed Alhaisoni Marriam Nawaz Abdullah Alqahtani Ye Jin Kim Byoungchol Chang Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadPakistan Faculty of Computing Riphah International UniversityFaisalabadPakistan Department of Computer Science HITEC UniversityTaxilaPakistan Computer Sciences Department College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science UET TaxilaTaxilaPakistan Department of Software Engineering UET TaxilaTaxilaPakistan Software Engineering Department College of Computer Engineering and SciencesPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 151Al-Kharj11942KSA Department of Computer Science Hanyang UniversitySeoul04763Korea Center for Computational Social Science Hanyang UniversitySeoul04763Korea

The Internet of Vehicles(IoV)is a networking paradigm related to the intercommunication of vehicles using a *** a dynamic network,one of the key challenges in IoV is traffic management under increasing vehicles to avoid ***,optimal path selection to route traffic between the origin and destination is *** research proposed a realistic strategy to reduce traffic management service response time by enabling real-time content distribution in IoV systems using heterogeneous network ***,this work proposed a novel use of the Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)algorithm and formulated the path planning optimization problem as an Integer Linear Program(ILP).This integrates the future estimation metric to predict the future arrivals of the vehicles,searching the optimal *** the mobile nature of IOV,fuzzy logic is used for congestion level estimation along with the ACO to determine the optimal *** model results indicate that the suggested scheme outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods by identifying the shortest and most cost-effective ***,this work strongly supports its use in applications having stringent Quality of Service(QoS)requirements for the vehicles.

关键词： Internet of vehicles internet of things fuzzy logic optimization path planning

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Reflections on Conducting Online Think-Alouds

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ACM Inroads 2023年第2期14卷 26-34页

作者： Imbulpitiya, Asanthika Whalley, Jacqueline Senapathi, Mali Computer Science and Software Engineering Department Auckland University of Technology St Paul StreetCentral Auckland1010 New Zealand

This article presents a protocol for conducting online think-aloud interviews as well as the reflections of the participants and interviewer on this process. The interviewer and participants commenced the interviews in person but then shifted to an online mode partway through the study. Thus, their reflections provide a comparison of the two different modes. These reflections are situated within a study of novice database designers. This computer science context, to some extent, influences both the protocol and the experiences of the study participants. Recommendations based on these experiences are provided for future computer science education researchers interested in using an online mode for conducting think-alouds, and suggestions for the use of aspects of the protocol in teaching are presented. © 2023 ACM.

关键词： Education computing

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Navigating the Digital Twin Network landscape:A survey on architecture,applications,privacy and security

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High-Confidence Computing 2024年第4期4卷 129-149页

作者： Akshita Maradapu Vera Venkata Sai Chenyu Wang Zhipeng Cai Yingshu Li Department of Computer and Information Sciences Towson UniversityTowson21252USA Department of Software Engineering and Game Development Kennesaw State UniversityMarietta30060USA Department of Computer Science Georgia State UniversityAtlanta30303USA

In recent years,immense developments have occurred in the field of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and the spread of broadband and ubiquitous connectivity *** has led to the development and commercialization of Digital Twin(DT)*** widespread adoption of DT has resulted in a new network paradigm called Digital Twin Networks(DTNs),which orchestrate through the networks of ubiquitous DTs and their corresponding physical *** create virtual twins of physical objects via DT technology and realize the co-evolution between physical and virtual spaces through data processing,computing,and DT *** high volume of user data and the ubiquitous communication systems in DTNs come with their own set of *** most serious issue here is with respect to user data privacy and security because users of most applications are unaware of the data that they are sharing with these platforms and are naive in understanding the implications of the data ***,currently,there is not enough literature that focuses on privacy and security issues in DTN *** this survey,we first provide a clear idea of the components of DTNs and the common metrics used in literature to assess their ***,we offer a standard network model that applies to most DTN applications to provide a better understanding of DTN’s complex and interleaved communications and the respective *** then shed light on the common applications where DTNs have been adapted heavily and the privacy and security issues arising from the *** also provide different privacy and security countermeasures to address the previously mentioned issues in DTNs and list some state-of-the-art tools to mitigate the ***,we provide some open research issues and problems in the field of DTN privacy and security.

关键词： Digital Twin Networks Network architecture Privacy and security Federated learning Blockchain Internet of Vehicles 6G Supply chain

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