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Contract-Based Incentive Mechanisms for UAV Networks in Covert Communications

IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第5期74卷 7378-7391页

作者： Tian, Wen Fan, Hao Liu, Guangjie Du, Miao Liu, Yinqiu Niyato, Dusit Han, Zhu Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Intelligent Support Technology In Complex Environment Ministry of Education Nanjing210044 China Southeat University School of Computer Science and Engineering China Southeast University Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration Ministry of Education Nanjing China Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering 639798 Singapore University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77004 United States Kyung Hee University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

Covert communication is considered a promising technology for hiding transmission processes and activities from malicious eavesdropping. With the development of detection technology, the traditional point-to-point covert communication method cannot effectively guarantee the reliability of covert communication. In order to solve this problem, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are widely adopted in covert communication as common relay equipment. However, the UAV maximizes its benefits by taking advantage of the information asymmetry between itself and the covert communication sender. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage UAV-assisted potential users (UPU) to transmit covert data honestly by designing an information asymmetry-based incentive mechanism. In this paper, we propose a UAV-assisted contract-theoretic (UACT) model to improve the covert communication performance, where UPU honestly transmits covert data and the throughput of UACT can be increased. Specifically, we first divide UPU into finite types and model the data transfer contract between the sender, UPU, and receiver. Then, the contract feasibility of UACT is derived with sufficient and necessary conditions. Finally, we analyze the contract optimization in the continuous case of UPUs. Numerical simulations show that the UACT can incentivize UPUs to transmit covert data through UAV assistance and make covert communication performance close to the information symmetry case. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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A Model Driven Framework Enabling the Development of Standardized Text-Free User Interface for Smartphones 21

A Model Driven Framework Enabling the Development of Standar...

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21st International Bhurban Conference on Applied sciences and Technology, IBCAST 2024

作者： Rasheed, Uzair Khalid, Sadia Mehmood, Rabia Ahmad, Muhammad Muneer, Mishal College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering NUST Department of Computer and Software Engineering Islamabad Pakistan Lahore College for Women University Department of Computer Science Lahore Pakistan International Univesity of Rostock Department of Computer science Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516680

Smartphones offer a wide range of applications globally, and usability is a key factor in their quality. Human-computer Interaction (HCI) continuously evolves to enhance usability by improving user interface (UI) components. However, most UI trends are designed for literate users, neglecting a significant portion of the population who cannot read or write. These users often rely on others for assistance with smartphone applications, and text-based UIs hinder their learning and usage, reducing overall usability. This research addresses the limitations of text-based standards by introducing a standardized framework for developing text-free user interfaces for smartphones. The framework utilizes static and dynamic images instead of text to convey widget or button functions, aiming to enhance usability for illiterate users, including preschoolers. Developed with Obeo Designer and Sirius, the framework's Platform Independent Metamodel (PIM) was validated through case studies representing the target user groups. Future work involves Model to Text (M2T) transformation, and results show the framework's potential for automating applications with text-free UIs. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Smartphones

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Performance comparison of Dask and Apache Spark on HPC systems for neuroimaging

Performance comparison of Dask and Apache Spark on HPC syste...

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作者： Dugré, Mathieu Hayot-Sasson, Valérie Glatard, Tristan Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada

The general increase in data size and data sharing motivates the adoption of Big Data strategies in several scientific disciplines. However, while several options are available, no particular guidelines exist for selecting a Big Data engine. In this paper, we compare the runtime performance of two popular Big Data engines with Python APIs, Apache Spark, and Dask, in processing neuroimaging pipelines. Our experiments use three synthetic neuroimaging applications to process the 606 GB BigBrain image and an actual pipeline to process data from thousands of anatomical images. We benchmark these applications on a dedicated HPC cluster running the Lustre file system while using varying combinations of the number of nodes, file size, and task duration. Our results show that although there are slight differences between Dask and Spark, the performance of the engines is comparable for data-intensive applications. However, Spark requires more memory than Dask, which can lead to slower runtime depending on configuration and infrastructure. In general, the limiting factor was the data transfer time. While both engines are suitable for neuroimaging, more efforts need to be put to reduce the data transfer time and the memory footprint of applications. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Big data

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Temporal Separators with Deadlines 34

Temporal Separators with Deadlines

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34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation, ISAAC 2023

作者： Harutyunyan, Hovhannes A. Koupayi, Kamran Pankratov, Denis Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783959772891

We study temporal analogues of the Unrestricted Vertex Separator problem from the static world. An (s, z)-temporal separator is a set of vertices whose removal disconnects vertex s from vertex z for every time step in a temporal graph. The (s, z)-Temporal Separator problem asks to find the minimum size of an (s, z)-temporal separator for the given temporal graph. The (s, z)-Temporal Separator problem is known to be NP-hard in general, although some special cases (such as bounded treewidth) admit efficient algorithms [15]. We introduce a generalization of this problem called the (s, z, t)-Temporal Separator problem, where the goal is to find a smallest subset of vertices whose removal eliminates all temporal paths from s to z which take less than t time steps. Let τ denote the number of time steps over which the temporal graph is defined (we consider discrete time steps). We characterize the set of parameters τ and t when the problem is NP-hard and when it is polynomial time solvable. Then we present a τ-approximation algorithm for the (s, z)-Temporal Separator problem and convert it to a τ2-approximation algorithm for the (s, z, t)-Temporal Separator problem. We also present an inapproximability lower bound of Ω(ln(n) + ln(τ)) for the (s, z, t)-Temporal Separator problem assuming that NP Dtime(nlog log n). Then we consider three special families of graphs: (1) graphs of branchwidth at most 2, (2) graphs G such that the removal of s and z leaves a tree, and (3) graphs of bounded pathwidth. We present polynomial-time algorithms to find a minimum (s, z, t)-temporal separator for (1) and (2). As for (3), we show a polynomial-time reduction from the Discrete Segment Covering problem with bounded-length segments to the (s, z, t)-Temporal Separator problem where the temporal graph has bounded pathwidth. © Hovhannes A. Harutyunyan, Kamran Koupayi, and Denis Pankratov;licensed under Creative Commons License CC-BY 4.0.

关键词： Approximation algorithms

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Leaching Fraction (LF) of Irrigation Water for Saline Soils Using Machine Learning

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1915-1930页

作者： Rab Nawaz Bashir Imran Sarwar Bajwa Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Muhammad Usman Ashraf Ahmed Mohammed Alghamdi Adel ABahaddad Khalid Ali Almarhabi Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadVehari CampusPakistan Department of Computer Science and IT Islamia University BahawalpurPakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior University Lahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Information System Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing in Al-QunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24381Saudi Arabia

Soil salinity is a serious land degradation issue in *** is a major threat to agriculture *** irrigation water is applied to leach down the salts from the root zone of the plants in the form of a Leaching fraction(LF)of irrigation *** the leaching process to be effective,the LF of irriga-tion water needs to be adjusted according to the environmental conditions and soil salinity level in the form of Evapotranspiration(ET)*** relationship between environmental conditions and ET rate is hard to be deﬁned by a linear relationship and data-driven Machine learning(ML)based decisions are required to determine the calibrated Evapotranspiration(ETc)***-assisted ETc is pro-posed to adjust the LF according to the ETc and soil salinity level.A regression model is proposed to determine the ETc rate according to the prevailing tempera-ture,humidity,and sunshine,which would be used to determine the smart LF according to the ETc and soil salinity *** proposed model is trained and tested against the Blaney Criddle method of Reference evapotranspiration(ETo)*** validation of the model from the test dataset reveals the accu-racy of the ML model in terms of Root mean squared errors(RMSE)are 0.41,Mean absolute errors(MAE)are 0.34,and Mean squared errors(MSE)are 0.28 mm *** applications of the proposed solution in a real-time environ-ment show that the LF by the proposed solution is more effective in reducing the soil salinity as compared to the traditional process of leaching.

关键词： Leaching fraction saline soil evapotranspiration machine learning calibrated evapotranspiration artiﬁcial intelligence blaney criddle method

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Entropy-based Selective Homomorphic Encryption for Smart Metering Systems 28

Entropy-based Selective Homomorphic Encryption for Smart Met...

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28th IEEE Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing, PRDC 2023

作者： Xu, Weiyan Zhang, Yinghao Cardell-Oliver, Rachel Mian, Ajmal Hong, Jin B. The University of Western Australia Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350358766

Smart metering systems (SMS) are popular in industrial and residential areas but can risk privacy by revealing user behaviors. Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a technique that protects data privacy by enabling calculations on encrypted data. However, the high computational costs of HE can hinder real-time or resource-constrained applications. Our paper presents a framework to encrypt only selected SMS data for improved efficiency without compromising privacy significantly. By encrypting data blocks with higher entropy values, we can mitigate the leakage of key information to adversaries who may conduct privacy attacks, such as membership inference attacks (MIA). We evaluate our framework using two real-world datasets (i.e., electricity and water) to assess privacy and performance trade-offs. The results indicate a 47% performance increase while still providing a sufficient level of privacy when adopting an encryption ratio of 0.4. They demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, considering the trade-off between privacy and performance, where the user can determine the appropriate security level for privacy protection and enhance the performance using HE in practical SMS settings. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Entropy

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An Approach to Optimize Symbolic Execution in Ethereum Smart Contracts 24

An Approach to Optimize Symbolic Execution in Ethereum Smart...

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24th IEEE International Conference on software Quality, Reliability and Security Companion, QRS-C 2024

作者： Liu, Yi Cai, Lizhi Chai, Chenchen Ma, Yuan School of Information Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China Shanghai Development Center of Computer Software Technology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Computer Software Testing & Evaluating Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365658

As the application of smart contracts in blockchain technology becomes increasingly widespread, their security issues have emerged as a focal point of both research and practice. Although symbolic execution technology has been extensively applied for the detection of security vulnerabilities in smart contracts, its limitations in terms of execution efficiency and code coverage remain significant. In response to these challenges, this study introduces an innovative method named HoneyToken-DetectorRev, which optimizes traditional symbolic execution through program slicing technology, aiming to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of smart contract security detection. By selecting ten smart contracts from the Ethereum platform, which vary in business logic and complexity, we conducted an empirical analysis of HoneyToken-DetectorRev. The experimental results demonstrate that this method significantly improves the efficiency of smart contract detection without sacrificing precision. This research not only provides an effective technical approach for the security detection of smart contracts but also offers theoretical and practical guidance for further enhancing the security of blockchain applications. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Smart contract

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AI-Powered Approaches to Unmasking Fake News: A Simple Comparison of ML and DL Techniques

AI-Powered Approaches to Unmasking Fake News: A Simple Compa...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Computing, Applications and Systems, COMPAS 2024

作者： Bormon, Sajib Prova, Jebin Ahmed Ahmad, Md Hasan Rimon Sohag, Sohanur Rahman Shishir, Hasanur Rahman Daffodil International University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ashulia Dhaka Bangladesh Noakhali Science and Technology University Department of Software Engineering Noakhali Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529765

False news spreads quickly due to the extensive distribution of incorrect or misleading information across digital channels, which is a global problem. This bias undermines the credibility of information, promotes the spread of misleading information. Utilizing machine learning and deep learning models this study examines the detection of inaccurate information. Natural Language Processing methods are used for data preprocessing on the text datasets. Five machine learning models are used in this study: Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, and Passive Aggressive Classifier. After preprocessing, the accuracy values of these models are 95%, 99.7%, 99.3%, 98.9%, and 99.5%, respectively. The study demonstrates that the decision tree model has superior performance, with the LSTM algorithm following closely after. The PAC and LSTM model have also demonstrated commendable results of 99.5% accuracy. The accuracies offer valuable information regarding the constraints of each model, aiding researchers in selecting suitable ways for identifying counterfeit news. The findings assist individuals in making informed decisions on the establishment of precise and effective ways for identifying false information, which is essential to maintaining the integrity of information distribution. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Impact of Feature Encoding on Malware Classification Explainability 15

Impact of Feature Encoding on Malware Classification Explain...

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15th International Conference on Electronics, computers and Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2023

作者： Manai, Elyes Mejri, Mohamed Fattahi, Jaouhar Laval University Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering Quebec Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350321388

This paper investigates the impact of feature encoding techniques on the explainability of XAI (Explainable Artificial Intelligence) algorithms. Using a malware classification dataset, we trained an XGBoost model and compared the performance of two feature encoding methods: Label Encoding (LE) and One Hot Encoding (OHE). Our findings reveal a marginal performance loss when using OHE instead of LE. However, the more detailed explanations provided by OHE compensated for this loss. We observed that OHE enables deeper exploration of details in both global and local contexts, facilitating more comprehensive answers. Additionally, we observed that using OHE resulted in smaller explanation files and reduced analysis time for human analysts. These findings emphasize the significance of considering feature encoding techniques in XAI research and suggest potential for further exploration by incorporating additional encoding methods and innovative visualization approaches. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Signal encoding

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A Fast Panoptic Segmentation Network for Self-Driving Scene Understanding

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computer Systems science & engineering 2022年第10期43卷 27-43页

作者： Abdul Majid Sumaira Kausar Samabia Tehsin Amina Jameel Department of Computer Science Bahiria UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Software Engineering Bahiria UniversityKarachiPakistan

In recent years,a gain in popularity and significance of science understanding has been observed due to the high paced progress in computer vision techniques and *** primary focus of computer vision based scene understanding is to label each and every pixel in an image as the category of the object it belongs *** it is required to combine segmentation and detection in a single *** many successful computer vision methods has been developed to aid scene understanding for a variety of real world *** understanding systems typically involves detection and segmentation of different natural and manmade things.A lot of research has been performed in recent years,mostly with a focus on things(a well-defined objects that has shape,orientations and size)with a less focus on stuff classes(amorphous regions that are unclear and lack a shape,size or other characteristics Stuff region describes many aspects of scene,like type,situation,environment of scene *** hence can be very helpful in scene *** methods for scene understanding still have to cover a challenging path to cope up with the challenges of computational time,accuracy and robustness for varying level of scene complexity.A robust scene understanding method has to effectively deal with imbalanced distribution of classes,overlapping objects,fuzzy object boundaries and poorly localized *** proposed method presents Panoptic Segmentation on Cityscapes ***-V2 is used as a backbone for feature extraction that is pre-trained on ***-V2 with state-of-art encoder-decoder architecture of DeepLabV3+with some customization and optimization is employed Atrous convolution along with Spatial Pyramid Pooling are also utilized in the proposed method to make it more accurate and *** promising and encouraging results have been achieved that indicates the potential of the proposed method for robust scene understanding in a fast and

关键词： Panoptic segmentation instance segmentation semantic segmentation deep learning computer vision scene understanding autonomous applications atrous convolution

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