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An overview on IRS-enabled sensing and communications for 6G: architectures, fundamental limits, and joint beamforming designs

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 170-193页

作者： Xianxin SONG Yuan FANG Feng WANG Zixiang REN Xianghao YU Ye ZHANG Fan LIU Jie XU Derrick Wing Kwan NG Rui ZHANG Shuguang CUI School of Science and Engineering (SSE) Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen)and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Future Networks of Intelligence The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Computer School Beijing Information Science and Technology University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore

This study presents an overview on intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)-enabled sensing and communication for the forthcoming sixth-generation(6G) wireless networks, in which IRSs are strategically deployed to proactively reconfigure wireless environments to improve both sensing and communication(S&C) performance. First, we exploit a single IRS to enable wireless sensing in the base station's(BS's) non-line-of-sight(NLoS) area. In particular, we present three IRS-enabled NLoS target sensing architectures with fully-passive, semi-passive, and active IRSs, respectively. We compare their pros and cons by analyzing the fundamental sensing performance limits for target detection and parameter estimation. Next, we consider a single IRS to facilitate integrated sensing and communication(ISAC), in which the transmit signals at the BS are used for achieving both S&C functionalities, aided by the IRS through reflective beamforming. We present joint transmit signal and receiver processing designs for realizing efficient ISAC, and jointly optimize the transmit beamforming at the BS and reflective beamforming at the IRS to balance the fundamental performance tradeoff between S&C. Furthermore, we discuss multi-IRS networked ISAC, by particularly focusing on multi-IRS-enabled multi-link ISAC, multi-region ISAC, and ISAC signal routing, respectively. Finally, we highlight various promising research topics in this area to motivate future work.

关键词： integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) non-line-of-sight (NLoS) sensing sensing and communication tradeoff

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A Global-Local Probsparse Self-Attention Transformer for LEO Satellite Orbit Prediction 23

A Global-Local Probsparse Self-Attention Transformer for LEO...

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23rd IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, ICMLA 2024

作者： Huang, Guan Shu, Tao Auburn University Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Auburn United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374889

In recent years, the proliferation of LEO (Low-Earth Orbit) satellites and the accumulation of space debris have made Near-Earth space more and more crowded, and hence significantly increased the risk of collisions in this space. As a result, precise orbit prediction becomes essential for LEO satellites to avoid collision, maintain the right constellation, and perform normal space operations. Although machine learning(ML)-based satellite orbit prediction methods have been extensively explored, most existing methods are trained on simulated/synthetic orbit data, which essentially assumes a stationary orbit process and cannot reflect the non-stationary dynamic orbit changes in real-world LEO satellite constellations that are caused by satellite flight status adjustment (e.g., for the purpose of collision avoidance). In this study, we propose a novel multi-range (global-local) self-attention transformer-based ML model, the GloLoSAT (Global-Local Probsparse Self-Attention Transformer), and train the model over real-world LEO satellite orbit data crawled from *** to give more precise orbit prediction in case of a series of orbit adjustments. Theoretical analysis demonstrates our Global-Local Probsparse Self-Attention mechanism can achieve O(Llog(L)) computational complexity with respect to the input sequence length. Extensive experiments conducted on real satellite orbit tracking datasets demonstrate the efficacy of GloLoSAT in achieving consistent performance improvements across various prediction scenarios compared to their counterparts. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Space debris

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Green hydrogen production from photovoltaic power station as a road map to climate change mitigation

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Clean Energy 2024年第2期8卷 156-167页

作者： Kehinde Ridwan Kamil Bassey Okon Samuel Umar Khan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Edge Hill UniversityUK Enel Green Power Rome Italy Materials Research Laboratory Steelagon Engineering LimitedKaduna StateNigeria

The increasing recognition of hydrogen as a critical element in the global net-zero transition and its clear role in decarbonizing challenging sectors coincide with the growing urgency to address climate ***'s favourable renewable-energy capacity,ranging from 28%to 36%for solar,has been reported by the global solar irradiance ***,the majority of hydrogen production today relies on fossil fuels(96%),with only a small fraction(4%)being produced through water *** though there have been many studies on climate change mitigation with a focus on Africa,a green hydrogen production from a photovoltaic power station approach has not been ***,literature with a focus on Nigeria is *** study focuses on the African green hydrogen production industry,utilizing Nigeria as a case study to explore the feasibility of generating clean hydrogen vectors from a percentage of photovoltaic power output in various regions of the country through stand-alone solar grid electrification *** of the usage and effectiveness of the produced hydrogen fuel in each region are carried out,with the highest region having an annual output of 12247278 kg of green hydrogen and 8573094 kg of ammonia and the lowest region having an output of 511245 kg of green hydrogen and 357871 kg of ammonia,and the expected production from the proposed usage of 50%of the power generation output of the installed 1.6-MWp and 80-kWp solar power minigrids in the regions is *** analyses were repeated for the other considered regions in the *** results showcased the enormous advantages of the electrolytic production of hydrogen and how the greener economy project can play a major role in mitigating climate change effects and overreliance on fossil fuels as the driver of the economy in many African countries.

关键词： renewable energy photovoltaic climate change green hydrogen vector fossil fossil fuels decarbonization electrolysis

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Resource Based Automatic Calibration System (RBACS) Using Kubernetes Framework

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第1期35卷 1165-1179页

作者： Tahir Alyas Nadia Tabassum Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Abdullah S.Alshahrani Ahmed Alghamdi Syed Khuram Shahzad Department of Computer Science Lahore Garrison UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science&IT Virtual University of PakistanLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering The Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science&Artificial Intelligence College of Computer Science&EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Informatics&Systems University of Management&TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan

Kubernetes,a container orchestrator for cloud-deployed applications,allows the application provider to scale automatically to match thefluctuating intensity of processing *** cluster technology is used to encapsulate,isolate,and deploy applications,addressing the issue of low system reliability due to interlocking ***-based platforms usually entail users define application resource supplies for eco container *** is a constant problem of over-service in data centers for cloud service *** operating costs and incompetent resource utilization can occur in a waste of *** revolutionized the orchestration of the container in the cloud-native *** can adaptively manage resources and schedule containers,which provide real-time status of the cluster at runtime without the user’s *** clusters face unpredictable traffic,and the cluster performs manual expansion configuration by the *** to operational delays,the system will become unstable,and the service will be *** work proposed an RBACS that vigorously amended the distribution of containers operating in the entire Kubernetes *** allocation pattern is analyzed with the Kubernetes *** estimate the overall cost of RBACS,we use several scientific benchmarks comparing the accomplishment of container to remote node migration and on-site *** experiments ran on the simulations to show the method’s effectiveness yielded high precision in the real-time deployment of resources in eco *** to the default baseline,Kubernetes results in much fewer dropped requests with only slightly more supplied resources.

关键词： Docker container virtualization cloud resource kubernetes

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GliomaCNN: An Effective Lightweight CNN Model in Assessment of Classifying Brain Tumor from Magnetic Resonance Images Using Explainable AI

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2425-2448页

作者： Md.Atiqur Rahman Mustavi Ibne Masum Khan Md Hasib M.F.Mridha Sultan Alfarhood Mejdl Safran Dunren Che Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ahsanullah University of Science and TechnologyDhaka1208Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia Department of Computer Science American International University-BangladeshDhaka1229Bangladesh Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia School of Computing Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondale62901USA

Brain tumors pose a significant threat to human lives and have gained increasing attention as the tenth leading cause of global *** study addresses the pressing issue of brain tumor classification using Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).It focuses on distinguishing between Low-Grade Gliomas(LGG)and High-Grade Gliomas(HGG).LGGs are benign and typically manageable with surgical resection,while HGGs are malignant and more *** research introduces an innovative custom convolutional neural network(CNN)model,*** stands out as a lightweight CNN model compared to its *** research utilized the BraTS 2020 dataset for its *** with the gradient-boosting algorithm,GliomaCNN has achieved an impressive accuracy of 99.1569%.The model’s interpretability is ensured through SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)and Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping(Grad-CAM++).They provide insights into critical decision-making regions for classification *** challenges in identifying tumors in images without visible signs,the model demonstrates remarkable performance in this critical medical application,offering a promising tool for accurate brain tumor diagnosis which paves the way for enhanced early detection and treatment of brain tumors.

关键词： Deep learning magnetic resonance imaging convolutional neural networks explainable AI boosting algorithm ablation

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Location Enhancement and Multi-template Fusion for Fast Long-Term Tracking 5

Location Enhancement and Multi-template Fusion for Fast Long...

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5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Electromechanical Automation, AIEA 2024

作者： Chen, Shixin Software Engineering Institute of Guangzhou Department of Computer Science Guangzhou510980 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350366174

Owing to the challenge of target occlusion leading to tracking failure during the target tracking process, achieving efficient and robust tracking of targets under occlusion scenarios has become a focal point of research. In this paper, we addresses the issue of tracking failure caused by the reduction or disappearance of target appearance information in occlusion scenarios. It proposes a study on target tracking under occlusion scenes based on deep learning methodologies. A foundation tracker is constructed that leverages location enhancement and multi-template fusion. Built upon this, graph attention mechanisms and target loss detection mechanisms are introduced. In cases where the target is lost due to occlusion, a re-detection strategy is employed to resume tracking once the target reappears. Experiments conducted on datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively determine whether a target is undergoing occlusion and significantly enhances tracking performance under such conditions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Target tracking

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Accurate threat hunting in industrial internet of things edge devices

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第5期9卷 1123-1130页

作者： Abbas Yazdinejad Behrouz Zolfaghari Ali Dehghantanha Hadis Karimipour Gautam Srivastava Reza M.Parizi Cyber Science Lab School of Computer ScienceUniversity of GuelphOntarioCanada Department of Electrical and Software Engineering University of CalgaryAlbertaCanada Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Brandon UniversityBrandonCanada College of Computing and Software Engineering Kennesaw State UniversityGAUSA Research Center for Interneural Computing China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirut1102Lebanon

Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)systems depend on a growing number of edge devices such as sensors,controllers,and robots for data collection,transmission,storage,and *** kind of malicious or abnormal function by each of these devices can jeopardize the security of the entire ***,they can allow malicious software installed on end nodes to penetrate the *** paper presents a parallel ensemble model for threat hunting based on anomalies in the behavior of IIoT edge *** proposed model is flexible enough to use several state-of-the-art classifiers as the basic learner and efficiently classifies multi-class anomalies using the Multi-class AdaBoost and majority *** evaluations using a dataset consisting of multi-source normal records and multi-class anomalies demonstrate that our model outperforms existing approaches in terms of accuracy,F1 score,recall,and precision.

关键词： IIoT Threat hunting Edge devices Multi-class anomalies Ensemble methods

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QAAS:quick accurate auto-scaling for streaming processing

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Frontiers of computer science 2024年第1期18卷 5-15页

作者： Shiyuan LIU Yunchun LI Hailong YANG Ming DUN Chen CHEN Huaitao ZHANG Wei LI State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment Beijing 100191China School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Cyber Science and Technology Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

In recent years,the demand for real-time data processing has been increasing,and various stream processing systems have *** the amount of data input to the stream processing system fluctuates,the computing resources required by the stream processing job will also *** resources used by stream processing jobs need to be adjusted according to load changes,avoiding the waste of computing *** present,existing works adjust stream processing jobs based on the assumption that there is a linear relationship between the operator parallelism and operator resource consumption(e.g.,throughput),which makes a significant deviation when the operator parallelism *** paper proposes a nonlinear model to represent operator *** divide the operator performance into three stages,the Non-competition stage,the Non-full competition stage,and the Full competition *** our proposed performance model,given the parallelism of the operator,we can accurately predict the CPU utilization and operator *** with actual experiments,the prediction error of our model is below 5%.We also propose a quick accurate auto-scaling(QAAS)method that uses the operator performance model to implement the auto-scaling of the operator parallelism of the Flink *** to previous work,QAAS is able to maintain stable job performance under load changes,minimizing the number of job adjustments and reducing data backlogs by 50%.

关键词： stream processing performance model auto-scaling

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3-Multi ranked encryption with enhanced security in cloud computing

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第2期9卷 313-326页

作者： YeEun Kim Junggab Son Reza M.Parizi Gautam Srivastava Heekuck Oh Major in Bio Artificial Intelligence Dept.of Computer Science and EngineeringHanyang UniversityAnsanRepublic of Korea Department of Computer Science Kennesaw State UniversityMariettaUSA Department of Software Engineering Kennesaw State UniversityMariettaUSA Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Brandon UniversityBrandonCanada Research Center for Interneural Computing China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina Dept.of Computer Science and Engineering Hanyang UniversityAnsanRepublic of Korea

Searchable Encryption(SE)enables data owners to search remotely stored ciphertexts selectively.A practical model that is closest to real life should be able to handle search queries with multiple keywords and multiple data owners/users,and even return the top-k most relevant search results when *** refer to a model that satisfies all of the conditions a 3-multi ranked search ***,SE schemes that have been proposed to date use fully trusted trapdoor generation centers,and several methods assume a secure connection between the data users and a trapdoor generation *** is,they assume the trapdoor generation center is the only entity that can learn the information regarding queried keywords,but it will never attempt to use it in any other manner than that requested,which is impractical in real *** this study,to enhance the security,we propose a new 3-multi ranked SE scheme that satisfies all conditions without these security *** proposed scheme uses randomized keywords to protect the interested keywords of users from both outside adversaries and the honest-but-curious trapdoor generation center,thereby preventing attackers from determining whether two different queries include the same ***,we develop a method for managing multiple encrypted keywords from every data owner,each encrypted with a different *** evaluation demonstrates that,despite the trade-off overhead that results from the weaker security assumption,the proposed scheme achieves reasonable performance compared to extant schemes,which implies that our scheme is practical and closest to real life.

关键词： Searchable encryption Multi-keyword search Multiple data owners/users Ranked search Enhanced security

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High-Performance Flow Classification of Big Data Using Hybrid CPU-GPU Clusters of Cloud Environments

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2024年第4期29卷 1118-1137页

作者： Azam Fazel-Najafabadi Mahdi Abbasi Hani H.Attar Ayman Amer Amir Taherkordi Azad Shokrollahi Mohammad R.Khosravi Ahmed A.Solyman Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of EngineeringBu-Ali Sina UniversityHamedan ***Iran Department of Energy Engineering Zarqa UniversityZarqa 13132Jordan Department of Informatics University of OsloOslo 0316Norway Department of Computer Science MalmöUniversityMalmö20506Sweden Shandong Provincial University Laboratory for Protected Horticulture Weifang University of Science and TechnologyWeifang 261100China Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering NişantaşıUniversityIstanbul 34481742Türkiye

The network switches in the data plane of software Defined Networking (SDN) are empowered by an elementary process, in which enormous number of packets which resemble big volumes of data are classified into specific flows by matching them against a set of dynamic rules. This basic process accelerates the processing of data, so that instead of processing singular packets repeatedly, corresponding actions are performed on corresponding flows of packets. In this paper, first, we address limitations on a typical packet classification algorithm like Tuple Space Search (TSS). Then, we present a set of different scenarios to parallelize it on different parallel processing platforms, including Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), clusters of Central Processing Units (CPUs), and hybrid clusters. Experimental results show that the hybrid cluster provides the best platform for parallelizing packet classification algorithms, which promises the average throughput rate of 4.2 Million packets per second (Mpps). That is, the hybrid cluster produced by the integration of Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), Message Passing Interface (MPI), and OpenMP programming model could classify 0.24 million packets per second more than the GPU cluster scheme. Such a packet classifier satisfies the required processing speed in the programmable network systems that would be used to communicate big medical data.

关键词： OpenMP Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA) Message Passing Interface(MPI) packet classification medical data tuple space algorithm Graphics Processing Unit(GPU)cluster

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