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Crowd dynamics analysis and behavior recognition in surveillance videos based on deep learning

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-35页

作者： Ilyas, Anum Bawany, Narmeen Center for Computing Research Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Jinnah University for Women Karachi Pakistan

Video surveillance is widely adopted across various sectors for purposes such as law enforcement, COVID-19 isolation monitoring, and analyzing crowds for potential threats like flash mobs or violence. The vast amount of data generated daily from surveillance devices holds significant potential but requires effective analysis to extract value. Detecting anomalous crowd behavior, which can lead to chaos and casualties, is particularly challenging in video surveillance due to its labor-intensive nature and susceptibility to errors. To address these challenges, this research contributes in two key areas: first, by creating a diverse and representative video dataset that accurately reflects real-world crowd dynamics across eight different categories;second, by developing a reliable framework, ‘CRAB-NET,’ for automated behavior recognition. Extensive experimentation and evaluation, using Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory networks (ConvLSTM) and Long-Term Recurrent Convolutional Networks (LRCN), validated the effectiveness of the proposed approach in accurately categorizing behaviors observed in surveillance videos. The employed models were able to achieve the accuracy score of 99.46% for celebratory crowd, 99.98% for formal crowd and 96.69% for violent crowd. The demonstrated accuracy of 97.20% for comprehensive dataset achieved by the LRCN underscores its potential to revolutionize crowd behavior analysis. It ensures safer mass gatherings and more effective security interventions. Incorporating AI-powered crowd behavior recognition like ‘CRAB-NET’ into security measures not only safeguards public gatherings but also paves the way for proactive event management and predictive safety strategies. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Shellfish

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YOLOCSP-PEST for Crops Pest Localization and Classification

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2373-2388页

作者： Farooq Ali Huma Qayyum Kashif Saleem Iftikhar Ahmad Muhammad Javed Iqbal Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan Department of Computer Science&Engineering College of Applied Studies&Community ServiceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11362Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan

Preservation of the crops depends on early and accurate detection of pests on crops as they cause several diseases decreasing crop production and quality. Several deep-learning techniques have been applied to overcome the issue of pest detection on crops. We have developed the YOLOCSP-PEST model for Pest localization and classification. With the Cross Stage Partial Network (CSPNET) backbone, the proposed model is a modified version of You Only Look Once Version 7 (YOLOv7) that is intended primarily for pest localization and classification. Our proposed model gives exceptionally good results under conditions that are very challenging for any other comparable models especially conditions where we have issues with the luminance and the orientation of the images. It helps farmers working out on their crops in distant areas to determine any infestation quickly and accurately on their crops which helps in the quality and quantity of the production yield. The model has been trained and tested on 2 datasets namely the IP102 data set and a local crop data set on both of which it has shown exceptional results. It gave us a mean average precision (mAP) of 88.40% along with a precision of 85.55% and a recall of 84.25% on the IP102 dataset meanwhile giving a mAP of 97.18% on the local data set along with a recall of 94.88% and a precision of 97.50%. These findings demonstrate that the proposed model is very effective in detecting real-life scenarios and can help in the production of crops improving the yield quality and quantity at the same time.

关键词： Deep learning classification of pests YOLOCSP-PEST pest detection

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Identification of software Bugs by Analyzing Natural Language-Based Requirements Using Optimized Deep Learning Features

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4379-4397页

作者： Qazi Mazhar ul Haq Fahim Arif Khursheed Aurangzeb Noor ul Ain Javed Ali Khan Saddaf Rubab Muhammad Shahid Anwar Department of Computer Science and Engineering and International Bachelor’s Program in Informatics Yuan Ze UniversityZhongliTaoyuan320315Taiwan Department of Computer Science National University of PakistanRawalpindiPunjab46000Pakistan Department of Computer Software Engineering MCSNational University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science School of PhysicsEngineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldAL109ABUK Department of Computer Engineering College of Computing and InformaticsUniversity of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirates Department of AI and Software Gachon UniversitySeongnam-SI13120South Korea

software project outcomes heavily depend on natural language requirements,often causing diverse interpretations and issues like ambiguities and incomplete or faulty *** are exploring machine learning to predict software bugs,but a more precise and general approach is *** bug prediction is crucial for software evolution and user training,prompting an investigation into deep and ensemble learning ***,these studies are not generalized and efficient when extended to other ***,this paper proposed a hybrid approach combining multiple techniques to explore their effectiveness on bug identification *** methods involved feature selection,which is used to reduce the dimensionality and redundancy of features and select only the relevant ones;transfer learning is used to train and test the model on different datasets to analyze how much of the learning is passed to other datasets,and ensemble method is utilized to explore the increase in performance upon combining multiple classifiers in a *** National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)and four Promise datasets are used in the study,showing an increase in the model’s performance by providing better Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve(AUC-ROC)values when different classifiers were *** reveals that using an amalgam of techniques such as those used in this study,feature selection,transfer learning,and ensemble methods prove helpful in optimizing the software bug prediction models and providing high-performing,useful end mode.

关键词： Natural language processing software bug prediction transfer learning ensemble learning feature selection

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Intelligent obstacle avoidance algorithm for safe urban monitoring with autonomous mobile drones

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Journal of Electronic science and Technology 2024年第4期22卷 19-36页

作者： Didar Yedilkhan Abzal E.Kyzyrkanov Zarina A.Kutpanova Shadi Aljawarneh Sabyrzhan K.Atanov Department of Computer Engineering Astana IT UniversityAstana010000Kazakhstan Department of Computer and Software Engineering L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National UniversityAstana010000Kazakhstan Department of Automation and Control Systems L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National UniversityAstana010000Kazakhstan Department of Software Engineering Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid22110Jordan

The growing field of urban monitoring has increasingly recognized the potential of utilizing autonomous technologies,particularly in drone *** deployment of intelligent drone swarms offers promising solutions for enhancing the efficiency and scope of urban condition *** this context,this paper introduces an innovative algorithm designed to navigate a swarm of drones through urban landscapes for monitoring *** primary challenge addressed by the algorithm is coordinating drone movements from one location to another while circumventing obstacles,such as *** algorithm incorporates three key components to optimize the obstacle detection,navigation,and energy efficiency within a drone ***,the algorithm utilizes a method to calculate the position of a virtual leader,acting as a navigational beacon to influence the overall direction of the ***,the algorithm identifies observers within the swarm based on the current *** further refine obstacle avoidance,the third component involves the calculation of angular velocity using fuzzy *** approach considers the proximity of detected obstacles through operational rangefinders and the target’s location,allowing for a nuanced and adaptable computation of angular *** integration of fuzzy logic enables the drone swarm to adapt to diverse urban conditions dynamically,ensuring practical obstacle *** proposed algorithm demonstrates enhanced performance in the obstacle detection and navigation accuracy through comprehensive *** results suggest that the intelligent obstacle avoidance algorithm holds promise for the safe and efficient deployment of autonomous mobile drones in urban monitoring applications.

关键词： Drone swarms Fuzzy logic Intelligent solution Smart city Urban monitoring

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Provably secure authentication protocol for traffic exchanges in unmanned aerial vehicles

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High-Confidence Computing 2023年第4期3卷 60-72页

作者： Vincent Omollo Nyangaresi Department of Computer Science&Software Engineering Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science&TechnologyKenya

Unmanned aerial vehicles offer services such as military reconnaissance in potentially adversarial controlled *** addition,they have been deployed in civilian critical infrastructure *** this environment,real-time and massive data is exchanged between the aerial vehicles and the ground control *** on the mission of these aerial vehicles,some of the collected and transmitted data is sensitive and ***,many security protocols have been presented to offer privacy and security ***,majority of these schemes fail to consider attack vectors such as side-channeling,de-synchronization and known secret session temporary information *** last attack can be launched upon adversarial physical capture of these *** addition,some of these protocols deploy computationally intensive asymmetric cryptographic primitives that result in high *** this paper,an authentication protocol based on lightweight quadratic residues and hash functions is *** formal security analysis is executed using the widely deployed random oracle *** addition,informal security analysis is carried out to show its robustness under the Dolev–Yao(DY)and Canetti–Krawczyk(CK)threat *** terms of operational efficiency,it is shown to have relatively lower execution time,communication costs,and incurs the least storage costs among other related ***,the proposed protocol provides a 25%improvement in supported security and privacy features and a 6.52%reduction in storage *** overall,the proposed methodology offers strong security and privacy protection at lower execution time,storage and communication overheads.

关键词： Authentication Drones Quadratic residues Privacy Security Side-channeling UAV

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SEOE:an option graph based semantically embedding method for prenatal depression detection

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Frontiers of computer science 2024年第6期18卷 245-258页

作者： Xiaosong HAN Mengchen CAO Dong XU Xiaoyue FENG Yanchun LIANG Xiaoduo LANG Renchu GUAN College of Computer Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of EducationJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Christopher S.Bond Life Sciences Center University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Computer Science and Technology Zhuhai Laboratory of Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of EducationZhuhai College of Science and TechnologyZhuhai 519041China Jilin Provincial Institute of Population Science and Technology Changchun 130000China

Prenatal depression,which can affect pregnant women’s physical and psychological health and cause postpartum depression,is increasing ***,it is essential to detect prenatal depression early and conduct an attribution *** studies have used questionnaires to screen for prenatal depression,but the existing methods lack *** diagnose the early signs of prenatal depression and identify the key factors that may lead to prenatal depression from questionnaires,we present the semantically enhanced option embedding(SEOE)model to represent questionnaire *** can quantitatively determine the relationship and patterns between options and *** first quantifies options and resorts them,gathering options with little difference,since Word2Vec is highly dependent on *** resort task is transformed into an optimization problem involving the traveling salesman ***,all questionnaire samples are used to train the options’vector using ***,an LSTM and GRU fused model incorporating the cycle learning rate is constructed to detect whether a pregnant woman is suffering from *** verify the model,we compare it with other deep learning and traditional machine learning *** experiment results show that our proposed model can accurately identify pregnant women with depression and reach an F1 score of *** most relevant factors of depression found by SEOE are also verified in the *** addition,our model is of low computational complexity and strong generalization,which can be widely applied to other questionnaire analyses of psychiatric disorders.

关键词： questionnaire analyses text classification graph representation learning traveling salesman problem prenatal depression

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Is GPT-4 Conscious?

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness

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Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness 2024年第1期11卷 1-16页

作者： Tait, Izak Bensemann, Joshua Wang, Ziqi Computer Science and Software Engineering Department Auckland University of Technology NAOInstitute The University of Auckland

GPT-4 (Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 4) is often heralded as a leading commercial AI offering, sparking debates over its potential as a steppingstone toward Artificial General Intelligence. But does it possess consciousness? This paper investigates this key question using the nine qualitative measurements of the Building Blocks theory. GPT-4's design, architecture, and implementation are compared to each of the building blocks of consciousness to determine whether it has achieved the requisite milestones to be classified as conscious or, if not, how close to consciousness GPT-4 is. Our assessment is that, while GPT-4 in its native configuration is not currently conscious, current technological research and development is sufficient to modify GPT-4 to have all the building blocks of consciousness. Consequently, we argue that the emergence of a conscious AI model is plausible in the near term. The paper concludes with a comprehensive discussion of the ethical implications and societal ramifications of engineering conscious AI entities. © 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Consciousness Ethics GPT-4 Philosophy of Mind Sentience

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Artificial Intelligence Enabled Future Wireless Electric Vehicles with Multi-Model Learning and Decision Making Models

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2024年第6期29卷 1776-1784页

作者： Gajula Ramesh Anil Kumar Budati Shayla Islam Louai A.Maghrabi Abdullah Al-Atwai Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering&TechnologyHyderabad 500090India Institute of Computer Science and Digital Innovation(ICSDI) UCSI UniversityKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia also with Department of ECE KoneruLakshmaiah Education FoundationHyderabad 500090India ICSDI UCSI UniversityKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia Department of Software Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of Business and TechnologyJeddah 21448Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Applied CollegeUniversity of TabukTabuk 47512Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

In the contemporary era,driverless vehicles are a reality due to the proliferation of distributed technologies,sensing technologies,and Machine to Machine(M2M)***,the emergence of deep learning techniques provides more scope in controlling and making such vehicles energy *** existing methods,it is understood that there have been many approaches found to automate safe driving in autonomous and electric vehicles and also their energy ***,the models focus on different aspects *** is need for a comprehensive framework that exploits multiple deep learning models in order to have better control using Artificial Intelligence(AI)on autonomous driving and energy *** this end,we propose an AI-based framework for autonomous electric vehicles with multi-model learning and decision *** focuses on both safe driving in highway scenarios and energy *** deep learning based framework is realized with many models used for localization,path planning at high level,path planning at low level,reinforcement learning,transfer learning,power control,and speed *** reinforcement learning,state-action-feedback play important role in decision *** simulation implementation reveals that the efficiency of the AI-based approach towards safe driving of autonomous electric vehicle gives better performance than that of the normal electric vehicles.

关键词： wireless vehicles deep learning multi-model learning reinforcement learning Artificial Intelligence(Al)

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UKF‐MOT:An unscented Kalman filter‐based 3D multi‐object tracker

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第4期9卷 1031-1041页

作者： Meng Liu Jianwei Niu Yu Liu Collective Intelligence&Collaboration Laboratory China North Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Research InstituteBeijingChina China North Vehicle Research Institute BeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment School of Computer Science and EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems School of Computer Science and EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijingChina

Multi‐object tracking in autonomous driving is a non‐linear *** better address the tracking problem,this paper leveraged an unscented Kalman filter to predict the object's *** the association stage,the Mahalanobis distance was employed as an affinity metric,and a Non‐minimum Suppression method was designed for *** the detections fed into the tracker and continuous‘predicting‐matching’steps,the states of each object at different time steps were described as their own continuous *** conducted extensive experiments to evaluate tracking accuracy on three challenging datasets(KITTI,nuScenes and Waymo).The experimental results demon-strated that our method effectively achieved multi‐object tracking with satisfactory ac-curacy and real‐time efficiency.

关键词： autonomous vehicle transportation

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A Reduced State Space Generation Method for Concurrent Systems Based on CPN-PR Model

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IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 2024年第6期44卷 2328-2342页

作者： Zhong, Wenjie Sun, Tao Zhou, Jian-Tao Wang, Zhuowei Song, Xiaoyu Inner Mongolia Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis Technology College of Computer Science Inner Mongolia University Engineering Research Center of Ecological Big Data Ministry of Education Inner Mongolia Engineering Laboratory for Cloud Computing and Service Software Hohhot010000 China Guangdong University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Guangzhou China Portland State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering PortlandOR97207 United States

Colored Petri Nets (CPNs) provide descriptions of the concurrent behaviors for software and hardware. Model checking based on CPNs is an effective method to simulate and verify the concurrent behavior in system design. However, the model checking method traverses the full state space, which suffers from the state space explosion problem. A reduced state space generation method related to the property of concurrent systems is proposed. Specifically, we extend CPNs to define a property-related model (CPN-PR) and give a property-related analysis method whose results can be used to generate the CPN-PR model. A reduced state space generation method is developed based on enabled binding element filtering rules. The stutter trace equivalence between the state spaces of CPN and CPN-PR has been proven by showing that the reduced state space may not change the model checking result. A comparison experiment is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. © 1982-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Model checking

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