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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Shi, Luohe Yao, Yao Li, Zuchao Zhang, Lefei Zhao, Hai National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly advanced and demonstrated impressive capabilities. In-Context Learning (ICL) and Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) are currently two mainstream methods for augmenting LLMs to downstream tasks. ICL typically constructs a few-shot learning scenario, either manually or by setting up a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system, helping models quickly grasp domain knowledge or question-answering patterns without changing model parameters. However, this approach involves trade-offs, such as slower inference speed and increased space occupancy. PEFT assists the model in adapting to tasks through minimal parameter modifications, but the training process still demands high hardware requirements, even with a small number of parameters involved. To address these challenges, we propose Reference Trustable Decoding (RTD), a paradigm that allows models to quickly adapt to new tasks without fine-tuning, maintaining low inference costs. RTD constructs a reference datastore from the provided training examples and optimizes the LLM's final vocabulary distribution by flexibly selecting suitable references based on the input, resulting in more trustable responses and enabling the model to adapt to downstream tasks at a low cost. Experimental evaluations on various LLMs using different benchmarks demonstrate that RTD establishes a new paradigm for augmenting models to downstream tasks. Furthermore, our method exhibits strong orthogonality with traditional methods, allowing for concurrent usage. Our code can be found at https://***/ShiLuohe/ReferenceTrustableDecoding. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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Multi-Agent Deep Q-Networks for Efficient Edge Federated Learning Communications in software-Defined IoT

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 3319-3335页

作者： Prohim Tam Sa Math Ahyoung Lee Seokhoon Kim Department of Software Convergence Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea Department of Computer Science Kennesaw State UniversityMariettaGA 30060USA Department of Computer Software Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea

Federated learning(FL)activates distributed on-device computation techniques to model a better algorithm performance with the interaction of local model updates and global model distributions in aggregation averaging ***,in large-scale heterogeneous Internet of Things(IoT)cellular networks,massive multi-dimensional model update iterations and resource-constrained computation are challenging aspects to be tackled *** paper introduces the system model of converging softwaredefined networking(SDN)and network functions virtualization(NFV)to enable device/resource abstractions and provide NFV-enabled edge FL(eFL)aggregation servers for advancing automation and ***-agent deep Q-networks(MADQNs)target to enforce a self-learning softwarization,optimize resource allocation policies,and advocate computation offloading *** gathered network conditions and resource states,the proposed agent aims to explore various actions for estimating expected longterm rewards in a particular state *** exploration phase,optimal actions for joint resource allocation and offloading decisions in different possible states are obtained by maximum Q-value ***-based virtual network functions(VNF)forwarding graph(VNFFG)is orchestrated to map VNFs towards eFL aggregation server with sufficient communication and computation resources in NFV infrastructure(NFVI).The proposed scheme indicates deficient allocation actions,modifies the VNF backup instances,and reallocates the virtual resource for exploitation *** neural network(DNN)is used as a value function approximator,and epsilongreedy algorithm balances exploration and *** scheme primarily considers the criticalities of FL model services and congestion states to optimize long-term *** results presented the outperformance of the proposed scheme over reference schemes in terms of Quality of Service(QoS)performance metrics,including packet

关键词： Deep Q-networks federated learning network functions virtualization quality of service software-defined networking

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Leaching Fraction (LF) of Irrigation Water for Saline Soils Using Machine Learning

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1915-1930页

作者： Rab Nawaz Bashir Imran Sarwar Bajwa Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Muhammad Usman Ashraf Ahmed Mohammed Alghamdi Adel ABahaddad Khalid Ali Almarhabi Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadVehari CampusPakistan Department of Computer Science and IT Islamia University BahawalpurPakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior University Lahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Information System Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing in Al-QunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24381Saudi Arabia

Soil salinity is a serious land degradation issue in *** is a major threat to agriculture *** irrigation water is applied to leach down the salts from the root zone of the plants in the form of a Leaching fraction(LF)of irrigation *** the leaching process to be effective,the LF of irriga-tion water needs to be adjusted according to the environmental conditions and soil salinity level in the form of Evapotranspiration(ET)*** relationship between environmental conditions and ET rate is hard to be deﬁned by a linear relationship and data-driven Machine learning(ML)based decisions are required to determine the calibrated Evapotranspiration(ETc)***-assisted ETc is pro-posed to adjust the LF according to the ETc and soil salinity level.A regression model is proposed to determine the ETc rate according to the prevailing tempera-ture,humidity,and sunshine,which would be used to determine the smart LF according to the ETc and soil salinity *** proposed model is trained and tested against the Blaney Criddle method of Reference evapotranspiration(ETo)*** validation of the model from the test dataset reveals the accu-racy of the ML model in terms of Root mean squared errors(RMSE)are 0.41,Mean absolute errors(MAE)are 0.34,and Mean squared errors(MSE)are 0.28 mm *** applications of the proposed solution in a real-time environ-ment show that the LF by the proposed solution is more effective in reducing the soil salinity as compared to the traditional process of leaching.

关键词： Leaching fraction saline soil evapotranspiration machine learning calibrated evapotranspiration artiﬁcial intelligence blaney criddle method

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Verification of Musical Education with Face Images Using Convolutional Neural Network and Vision Transformers 5

Verification of Musical Education with Face Images Using Con...

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5th International Conference on Neural Networks and Neurotechnologies, NeuroNT 2024

作者： Polyak, Mark D. Senichenkova, Yana O. Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation Department of Computer Technologies and Software Engineering Saint-Petersburg Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363739

This research investigates whether machine learning techniques can be used to study the relationship between physical appearance and personality or other characteristics. Specifically, it explores the hypothesis that a person's profession may influence their facial features. The study focuses on musicians of a symphony orchestras as a specific example. A dataset of photographs was collected, including both symphony orchestra musicians and non-musicians. Three neural networks were used to solve the problem of classifying the images into two categories (musicians vs. non-musicians): VGG-Face, CLIP-ViT, and Google ViT. These neural networks extracted numerical representations (embeddings) from the images. The embeddings were then used to train support vector machines, a type of machine learning algorithm. The study compares the amount of information captured by the embeddings from each of the three neural network models. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Embeddings

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Robust steganographic approach using generative adversarial network and compressive autoencoder

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-38页

作者： Qasaimeh, Malik Qtaish, Alaa Abu Aljawarneh, Shadi Department of Computer Information Systems Faculty of Computer and Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan Department of Software Engineering co-joint with the Department of Cyber Security Faculty of Computer and Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan

Nowadays, social media applications and websites have become a crucial part of people’s lives;for sharing their moments, contacting their families and friends, or even for their jobs. However, the fact that these valuable data are transferred via the Internet and open channels, which are vulnerable to attacks and espionage, requires using defense methods to improve the security of data transmission. Recently, the progress of Deep Learning (DL) inspired researchers to use it with security methods such as steganography, the art of hiding secret data in unrelated content. DL and steganography combined enhanced the hiding properties, especially in the Coverless Image Steganography (CIS) methods. In this paper, we propose a Compressive Coverless Image Steganography (CCIS) model, which is a generated-based CIS, to improve the capacity and robustness of Steganography. This model uses the compressive autoencoder to compress the message, thus increasing the capacity, and uses the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to generate a stego image from the compressed vector, thus enhancing concealment ability, besides using a regression model and optimization method to extract the data. Another version was designed to enable sending binary messages by replacing the compressive autoencoder network with a robust mapping rule. Experiments show that the proposed model could improve the characteristics of Steganography. Furthermore, the proposed model could extract binary messages with 256 bits from attacked stego images with 99% recovery accuracy. Thus, capacity and robustness were enhanced using our model with both images and text as secret messages. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Using Blockchain to Overcome the Issues in Land Registry Management: A Systematic Review 1

Using Blockchain to Overcome the Issues in Land Registry Man...

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1st International Conference in Advanced Innovation on Smart City, ICAISC 2023

作者： Riaz, Ayesha Ikram, Muhammad Jawad Asadullah, Najmussaba University of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Software Engineering Mardan Pakistan Jeddah International College Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Jeddah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665472753

A Blockchain network contains a distributed ledger that is used to store a secure and permanent record of transactions among multiple parties. As the registries of land records are historically stored in the form of paper documentation where, there might arise the issue of losing, destroying, and modifying needed documents. This land registration process is complicated and time-consuming and required a lot of effort to transfer ownership of the land registry or change any information. For this purpose, various contributions have been made by different researchers to overcome the problem of the classical land registration process by using blockchain technology. In this survey, we shed light on some advantages (reduce time and effort, security, permanency, etc.) of blockchain to identify some early problems in the paper-based land registration process. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Blockchain

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Transformer-based Text Classification on Unified Bangla Multi-class Emotion Corpus 25

Transformer-based Text Classification on Unified Bangla Mult...

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25th International Arab Conference on Information Technology, ACIT 2024

作者： Sourav, Md Sakib Ullah Mahmud, Mohammad Sultan Zheng, Hua Aljaidi, Mohammad Talukder, Md. Simul Hasan Bin Sulaiman, Rejwan Nur, Abdullah Hafez Al-Qerem, Ahmad Shandong University of Finance and Economics School of Management Science and Engineering Jinan China Shenzhen University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Senzhen China Software Engineering Institute of Guangzhou Department of Software Engineering Guangzhou510990 China Zarqa University Department of Computer Science Zarqa Jordan University of Business and Technology College of Engineering Jeddah21448 Saudi Arabia Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Dhaka Bangladesh Northumbria University Newcastle Tayne School of Computer Science & Technology Northumbria United Kingdom International Islamic University Chittagong Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering Chittagong Bangladesh Zarqa University Faculty of Information Technology Department of Computer Science Zarqa Jordan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540012

Due to its importance in studying people's thoughts on various Web 2.0 services, emotion classification is a critical undertaking. Most existing research is focused on the English language, with little work on low-resource languages. Though sentiment analysis, particularly emotion classification in English, has received increasing attention in recent years, little study has been done in the context of Bangla, one of the world's most widely spoken languages. In this research, we propose a complete set of approaches for identifying and extracting emotions from Bangla texts. We provide a Bangla emotion classifier for six classes, i.e., anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise, from Bangla words using transformer-based models, which exhibit phenomenal results in recent days, especially for high-resource languages. The Unified Bangla Multi-class Emotion Corpus (UBMEC) is used to assess the performance of our models. UBMEC is created by combining two previously released manually labelled datasets of Bangla comments on six emotion classes with fresh manually labelled Bangla comments created by us. The corpus dataset and code we used in this work are publicly available. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Performance-Guaranteed Finite-Time Tracking of Strict-Feedback Systems with Unknown Control Directions: A Novel Switching Mechanism

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2025年第6期70卷 4061-4068页

作者： Mao, Bing Wu, Xiaoqun Fan, Ziye Lu, Jinhu Chen, Guanrong Shenzhen University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen518060 China Wuhan University School of Mathematics and Statistics Hubei430072 China Beihang University School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beijing100191 China City University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical Engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong

The problem of achieving performance-guaranteed finite-time exact tracking for uncertain strict-feedback nonlinear systems with unknown control directions is addressed. A novel logic switching mechanism with monitoring functions is designed to deal with unknown control directions. This approach is different from existing methods like the Nussbaum gain technique and smooth orientation functions, which are inapplicable to finite-time exact tracking. The main challenge lies in designing monitoring functions and determining switching rules, which is well resolved through three steps. Most significantly, in contrast to existing works that solely guarantee bounded tracking or asymptotic exact tracking, the new mechanism incorporates novel integral sliding mode techniques to achieve finite-time exact tracking with guaranteed performance. Finally, simulations are presented with comparison to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Feedback

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Predicting the Risks of Brain Stroke Using Machine Learning Models and Artificial Neural Network

Predicting the Risks of Brain Stroke Using Machine Learning ...

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2023 Annual International Conference on Emerging Research Areas: International Conference on Intelligent Systems, AICERA/ICIS 2023

作者： Nahid, Nafiz Hossain, Mehrab Rifat, Ariful Islam Khan Raisa, Meher Durdana Islam, Ashraful Sylhet Engineering College Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sylhet Bangladesh American International University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dhaka Bangladesh Daffodil International University Department of Software Engineering Dhaka Bangladesh University of Regina Department of Computer Science Regina Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350303452

The primary cause of death and disability worldwide is stroke. Accurate prediction models and identification of stroke risk factors can aid in early intervention and preventive measures. In this study, an approach based on machine learning algorithms, including Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), AdaBoost (AdB), Gradient Boosting (GB), Decision Tree (DT), and a unique Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, is proposed to predict stroke risk at four different levels. To address the issue of imbalanced dataset, Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique coupled with Edited Nearest Neighbors (SMOTEENN) was used. 11 features were selected for training the models out of the initial 12 features, and the data-set was divided into an 80-20 train-test ratio for model assessment. The Decision Tree (DT) model achieved an accuracy of 98.53%. Additionally, a 1000 epoch Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model with various batch sizes was created;128 produced the best results. Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Adam, and RMSprop were examined along with other optimizers, however SGD produced the highest accuracy rate of 99.21%. The results suggest that utilizing the selected features and the balanced data-set, machine learning algorithms such as the unique CNN model can accurately predict stroke risk at various levels. These models have the potential to aid in early detection of stroke risk and guide preventive interventions, thus improving patient care and outcomes. Further testing and implementation of these models in real clinical settings are warranted. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Decision trees

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A family of resonance-based tunable frequency oscillators and application to chaos generation

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International Journal of Electronics Letters 2024年第4期12卷 495-505页

作者： Elwakil, A.S. Maundy, B.J. Psychalinos, C. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical and Software Engineering University of Calgary Alberta Canada Department of Physics Electronics Laboratory University of Patras Rio Patras Greece

We propose a family of second-order resonance-based sinusoidal oscillators with electronically tunable frequencies. Each oscillator is comprised of two amplifiers, surrounded by four impedances which must be a single (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.) or (Formula presented.) and we show that in this configuration eight resonance-based oscillators are possible. We also show the conditions for each oscillator to oscillate along with the frequency of oscillation and then design a non-autonomous chaotic oscillator based on one of these circuits. Circuit simulations using LTspice and experimental results are presented to verify the theory. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： frequency tuning LC oscillators phase tuning Second-order oscillators

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