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1994 ACM Conference on computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW 1994

作者： Prakash, Atul Shim, Hyong Sop Software Systems Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109-2122 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897916891

The ability to share synchronized views of interactions with an application is critical to supporting synchronous collaboration. This paper suggests a simple synchronous collaboration paradigm in which the sharing of the views of user/application interactions occurs at the window level within a multi-user, multi-window application. The paradigm is incorporated in a toolkit, DistView, that allows some of the application windows to be shared at a fine-level of granularity, while still allowing other application windows to be private. The toolkit is intended for supporting synchronous collaboration over wide-area networks. To keep bandwidth requirements and interactive response time low in such networks, DistView uses an object-level replication scheme, in which the application and interface objects that need to be shared among users are replicated. We discuss the design of DistVlew and present our preliminary experience with a prototype version of the system. © 1994 ACM.

关键词： Groupware

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Case-DELIVERER: Making cases relevant to the task at hand 1st

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1st European Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning, EWCBR 1993

作者： Nakakoji, Kumiyo Department of Computer Science and Institute of Cognitive Science University of Colorado Campus Box 430 BoulderCO80309-0430 United States Software Engineering Laboratory Software Research Associates Inc. Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783540583301

Designers are limited in exploiting a catalog knowledge base of design cases because they may be unable to articulate what they are looking for, or may be unaware that potentially useful catalog examples exist. KiD (Knowing-In-Design), a domain-oriented, knowledge-based design environment for kitchen floor plan design, integrates the use of the catalog-base with its design tools. The information given through KIDSPECIFICATION (for specifying a design requirement) and KIDCONSTRUCnON (for graphically constructing a floor plan) provides representations of the designers' task at hand, and recorded design rationale in its argumentation-base is used to infer the relevance of catalog examples to the task at hand. The CASE-DELIVERER component orders catalog examples according to the partial specification, and the CATALOGEXPLORER subsystem allows designers to explore further the catalog space in terms of the task at hand. The study and assessment of the mechanisms have revealed that delivered cases helped designers reframe both a problem and a solution, and have encouraged designers to articulate a new portion of design knowledge, which addresses the knowledge acquisition problem. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994.

关键词： Floors

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A Framework for Undoing Actions in Collaborative Systems

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ACM Transactions on computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) 1994年第4期1卷 295-330页

作者： Prakash, Atul Knister, Michael J. Software Systems Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2122 United States 930 Tahoe Blvd #802-185 Incline Village NV 89451 United States

The ability to undo operations is a standard feature in most single-user interactive applications. We propose a general framework for implementing undo in collaborative systems. The framework allows users to reverse their own changes individually, taking into account the possibility of conflicts between different users' operations that may prevent an undo. The proposed framework has been incorporated into DistEdit, a toolkit for building group text editors. Based on our experience with DistEdit's undo facilities, we discuss several issues that need to be taken into account in using the framework, in order to ensure that a reasonable undo behavior is provided to users. We show that the framework is also applicable to single-user systems, since the operations to undo can be selected not just on the basis of who performed them, but by any appropriate criterion, such as the document region in which the operations occurred or the time interval in which the operations were carried out. © 1994, ACM. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer-supported cooperative work concurrency control DistEdit groupware selective undo state recovery undo user recovery

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The Multicomputer Toolbox/spl minus/first-generation scalable libraries

The Multicomputer Toolbox/spl minus/first-generation scalabl...

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Annual Hawaii International Conference on System sciences (HICSS)

作者： Skjellum Leung Smith Falgout Still Baldwin Computer Science Department & NSF Engineering Research Center Mississippi State University MS USA Northeast Parallel Architectures Center Syracuse University USA Numerical Mathematics Group Lawrence Livemore National Laboratory UK University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign USA

"First-generation" scalable parallel libraries have been achieved, and are maturing, within the Multicomputer Toolbox. The Toolbox includes sparse, dense, iterative linear algebra, a stiff ODE/DAE solver, and an open software technology for additional numerical algorithms. We have devised C-based strategies for useful classes of distributed data structures, including distributed matrices and vectors. The underlying Zip code message passing system has enabled process-grid abstractions of multicomputers, communication contexts, and process groups, all characteristics needed for building scalable libraries, and scalable application software. A data-distribution-independent approach to building scalable libraries is needed so that applications do not unnecessarily have to redistribute data at high expense. We discuss the strategy used for implementing data-distribution-independent mappings. We also indicate that data-distribution-independent algorithms are sometimes more efficient than fixed-data-distribution counterparts, because redistribution of data can be avoided, and that this question is strongly application dependent.< >

关键词： Parallel machines Parallel programming Distributed computing Data structures Linear algebra

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Knowledge Delivery: Facilitating Human-computer Collaboration in Integrated Design Environments

Knowledge Delivery: Facilitating Human-Computer Collaboratio...

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1993 AAAI Fall Symposium on Human-computer Collaboration

作者： Nakakoji, Kumiyo Fischer, Gerhard Department of Computer Science Institute of Cognitive Science University of Colorado BoulderCO80309-0430 United States Software Engineering Laboratory Boulder Software Research Associates Inc. 1-1-1 Hirakawa-cho Tokyo102 Japan

This paper illustrates our approach of building an integrated knowledge-based design environment, which facilitates knowledge delivery mechanisms. The KID (Knowing-In-Design) design environment provides a specification and a construction components which allow a user to specify design problem requirements at abstract levels, and to form a solution by direct manipulation in a domain of kitchen floor plan design. A partial problem specification and solution construction given through the components represent the user's task at hand to be shared with the design environment. The environment dynamically identifies and informs of a possible breakdown in a partial design, and delivers information from the knowledge bases that are inferred to be relevant to the identified task at hand. The study of KID indicates not only that the system has improved design processes, but also that the delivery mechanism is an effective method to elicit knowledge from designers, addressing the knowledge acquisition problem. copyright © 1993, AAAI (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Specifications

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FunBase: a function-based information management system 93

FunBase: a function-based information management system

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Proceedings of the second international conference on Information and knowledge management

作者： Wafik M. Farag Toby J. Teorey Software Systems Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI

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COUNTEREXAMPLES TO COMPLETENESS RESULTS FOR BASIC NARROWING 3rd

COUNTEREXAMPLES TO COMPLETENESS RESULTS FOR BASIC NARROWING

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3RD INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ALGEBRAIC AND LOGIC PROGRAMMING

作者： MIDDELDORP, A HAMOEN, E Department of Software Technology CWI Kruislaan 413 Amsterdam 1098 SJ Netherlands Advanced Research Laboratory Hitachi Ltd Hatoyrama 350-03 Saitama Japan Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Vrije Universiteit De Boelelaan 1081a Amsterdam 1081 HV Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)354055873X

In this paper we analyze completeness results for basic narrowing. We show that basic narrowing is not complete with respect to norrealizable solutions for equational theories defined by confluent term rewriting systems, contrary to what has been conjectured. By imposing syntactic restrictions on the rewrite rules we recover completeness. We refute a result of H611dobler which states the completeness of basic conditional narrowing for complete (i.e. confluent and terminating) conditional term rewriting systems without extra variables in the conditions of the rewrite rules. We extend the completeness result of Giovannetti and Moiso for level-confluent and terminating conditional systems with extra variables in the conditions to systems that may also have extra variables in the right-hand sides of the rules. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1992.

关键词： Computational mechanics

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Integration of different system engineering methods using an object-oriented model

Integration of different system engineering methods using an...

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1992 Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA 1992

作者： Clausen, Horst D. Hofmann, Anton Pawlitzek, Gabriele H. University of Salzburg Department of Computer Science and System Analysis Jakob-Haringer-Strasse 5 SalzburgA-5020 Austria German Aerospace Research Establishment Software Engineering Laboratory Munnchnerstrasse 20 OberpfaffenhofenD-8031 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0897916107

The development of large, complex systems consisting of both hardware and software normally involves several companies and/or development teams for the development of the different subsystems forming the entire system. Depending on the kind of subsystem to be developed, these different development teams normally use different system engineering methodologies and/or tool sets to produce their subsystems. However, the usage of different methodologies and tools makes technical management and quality assurance for the entire development effort a difficult task. Therefore the development as well as the maintenance of future systems with their increasing size and complexity requires a common frame for the entire system development and maintenance effort covering different kinds of subsystems, like graphical user interfaces, database systems, expert systems, real-time systems, and so on. This common frame should support the separate and independent development of the different subsystems by different subcontractors using different system engineering methods, the integration of these subsystems to the entire system as well as the maintenance of the entire system. A hierarchical object-oriented model for the encapsulation and integration of different system engineering methods can serve as this common frame, providing traceability from the system requirements model to the implemented system while giving each subsystem development team full scope in choosing the system engineering method most suitable for a specific subsystem. The approach underlying this object-oriented model is the encapsulation of the different subsystems in "high-level objects," which can be either further decomposed into "high-level object" or described in more detail using any appropriate system engineering method. The integration of these "high-level objects" to the entire system is supported by a "definition object" on each layer of each system engineering model. The "definition objects" provide trace

关键词： Maintenance

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Source code retrieval using program patterns

Source code retrieval using program patterns

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International Workshop on computer-Aided software engineering

作者： S. Paul A. Prakash Software Systems Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

A method for automating the search for codes that have particular structural features is described. A pattern language is used to specify the pattern of desired code. The benefits of using a pattern language include a higher level of abstraction in specifying patterns and the power to specify complex patterns which are impossible to express in grep type languages. A system that accepts these patterns and locates code fragments in C source files is described.< >

关键词： software maintenance Optimizing compilers software tools Programming profession software systems Laboratories Maintenance engineering Inspection Reverse engineering Power engineering and energy

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Wilson-Cowan neural-network model in image processing

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Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision 1992年第2-3期2卷 251-259页

作者： Mantere, Kari Parkkinen, Jussi Jaaskelainen, Timo Gupta, Madan M. Department of Applied Physics University of Kuopio Kuopio SF-70211 P.O. Box 1627 Finland Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics University of Kuopio Kuopio SF-70211 P.O. Box 1627 Finland Department of Physics University of Joensuu Joensuu SF-80101 P.O. Box 111 Finland Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N 0W0 Saskatchewan Canada

The neural-network model based on the theory proposed by Wilson and Cowan has been simulated by using digitized real images. Mathematically, the model is based on coupled nonlinear differential equations that describe the functional dynamics of cortical nervous tissue, and the model can operate in different dynamical modes, depending on coupling strengths. The model is shown to store images in reduced form and to recognize edges of an object. Examples of how the network processes input images are shown. © 1992 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

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