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Understanding and addressing the essential costs of evolving systems

BELL LABS TECHNICAL JOURNAL 2000年第2期5卷 44-54页

作者： Davison, JW Mancl, DM Opdyke, WF AMPS/PCS Software Engineering Department Lucent Technologies/Bell Labs Naperville Illinois Software Development Environment Group Software Process and Test Technology Department Bell Labs Murray Hill New Jersey Intelligent Network Architecture and Internet Software Department Lucent Technologies/Bell Labs Naperville Illinois

A major attribute of telecommunications software systems is change. For evolving telecom systems, significant expertise is needed to effectively handle and capitalize on these changes. This paper discusses some of the key dimensions of change that occur during telecom systems software development, the areas of expertise that software developers apply in managing these changes, and some of the means by which high-performing project members have overcome the learning curves associated with these systems. We base our results on data gathered from several Bell Labs multiyear development projects and interviews with experienced staff.

关键词： software engineering

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Criminal emotion detection framework using convolutional neural network for public safety

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-18页

作者： Raval, Jay Jadav, Nilesh Kumar Tanwar, Sudeep Pau, Giovanni Alqahtani, Fayez Tolba, Amr Department of Computer Science and Engineering Institute of Technology Nirma University Gujarat Ahmedabad 382481 India Department of Computer Engineering - AI ML & DS Marwadi University Rajkot 360003 India Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Kore University of Enna Enna 94100 Italy Software Engineering Department College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh 12372 Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Community College King Saud University Riyadh 11437 Saudi Arabia

In the era of rapid societal modernization, the issue of crime stands as an intrinsic facet, demanding our attention and consideration. As our communities evolve and adopt technological advancements, the dynamic landscape of criminal activities becomes an essential aspect that requires careful examination and proactive approaches for public safety application. In this paper, we proposed a collaborative approach to detect crime patterns and criminal emotions with the aim of enhancing judiciary decision-making. For the same, we utilized two standard datasets - a crime dataset comprised of different features of crime. Further, the emotion dataset has 135 classes of emotion that help the AI model to efficiently find criminal emotions. We adopted a convolutional neural network (CNN) to get first trained on crime datasets to bifurcate crime and non-crime images. Once the crime is detected, criminal faces are extracted using the region of interest and stored in a directory. Different CNN architectures, such as LeNet-5, VGGNet, RestNet-50, and basic CNN, are used to detect different emotions of the face. The trained CNN models are used to detect criminal emotion and enhance judiciary decision-making. The proposed framework is evaluated with different evaluation metrics, such as training accuracy, loss, optimizer performance, precision-recall curve, model complexity, training time, and inference time. In crime detection, the CNN model achieves a remarkable accuracy of 92.45% and in criminal emotion detection, LeNet-5 outperforms other CNN architectures by offering an accuracy of 98.6%. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Convolutional neural networks Deep learning Face emotion detection Public safety

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A Few-Shot Learning-Based Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation Network for Tunnel Lining Inspection

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IET Signal Processing 2025年第1期2025卷

作者： Ziyi Li Nan Jiang Lihong Tong School of Information and Software Engineering East China Jiaotong University Nanchang Jiangxi China *** School of Civil Engineering and Architecture East China Jiaotong University Nanchang Jiangxi China ***

Next-generation 6G networks will significantly advance the development of integrated sensing, communication, and computing (ISSC) systems, particularly in collection and processing of point cloud data. High bandwidth and low latency offered by 6G enable sensors to generate high-resolution point cloud data more efficiently, providing precise geometric information for tunnel lining inspections. As a key application within ISSC systems, tunnel lining detection has garnered widespread attention in the transportation and infrastructure sectors, helping to enhance the structural stability of tunnels and ensure their long-term safe operation. However, current tunnel inspection methods often require extensive experimental data and struggle to effectively extract features from tunnel objects. In this article, we propose a novel point cloud semantic segmentation (PCSS) network built upon few-shot learning for tunnel detection, capable of segmenting various essential elements within the tunnel, such as bolts, pipes, and tracks. First, due to the prevalent issue of sample imbalance in tunnel point cloud data, we introduce few-shot learning to tackle this challenge, enabling the model to perform effective semantic segmentation with limited data samples. Second, recognizing that different objects and structures within the tunnel scene may exhibit significant scale variations, we employ multiembedding networks to capture features at various scales within the point cloud data. Additionally, we propose a heterogeneous feature interaction (HFI) module to merge features derived from distinct embedding networks.

关键词： 6G networks few-shot learning ISSC systems point cloud tunnel lining detection

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Dependencies, traceability and consistency in software architecture: Towards a view-based perspective 11

Dependencies, traceability and consistency in software archi...

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5th European Conference on software architecture, ECSA 2011 - Workshop on Traceability, Dependencies and software architecture, TDSA 2011, 1st International Workshop on software architecture Variability, SAVA 2011

作者： Galster, Matthias Software Engineering and Architecture Group University of Groningen Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781450306188

Managing dependencies between software development artifacts helps achieve traceability and consistency in software-intensive systems. Traceability supports the alignment between different stakeholder concerns, development artifacts, and various products of the software development process. Consistency ensures that different software development artifacts are used in different parts of a software-intensive system (or in the description of this system), without causing contradictions between the different parts of the system (or its description). In this position paper we explore how software architecture viewpoints and views can help represent dependencies and facilitate traceability and consistency in software architecture. Here, correspondences, which are parts of viewpoint definitions, express consistency, traceability, dependencies, obligations, etc. in the architecture. We provide examples of viewpoints and their mechanisms to support the description of dependencies. Furthermore, based on our experience we discuss challenges that occur when ensuring traceability, consistency, and managing dependencies between software development artifacts, with an emphasis on software architecture elements. Copyright © 2011 ACM.

关键词： software architecture

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Who will rob you on the digital highway?

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COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 2004年第5期47卷 56-60页

作者： Slewe, T Hoogenboom, M Managing consultant specializing in security and architecture Capgemini The Netherlands. Principal consultant specializing in connecting architecture studies to software engineering projects Capgemini The Netherlands

In the not-so-distant past, bandits and highwaymen frequently roamed themajor transportation routes robbing travelers and the pony express of gold, money, and otherprecious assets. In the current digital age, except for few retail transactions where paper money orcoins are used, money and money flows are represented by information about financial assets owned,owed, or transferred to another party. When information is no longer isolated, surrounded by thickwalls, or guarded by armed security personnel, and never locked in a safe, it seems an almostimpossible task to provide security for money.

关键词： Financial services industry Internet banking Banking industry Communication & technology Electronic commerce Data protection Internet industry

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engineering complex embedded systems with state analysis and the mission data system

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Journal of Aerospace Computing, Information and Communication 2005年第12期2卷 507-536页

作者： Ingham, Michel D. Rasmussen, Robert D. Bennett, Matthew B. Moncada, Alex C. Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr. Pasadena CA 91109 United States Flight Software Systems Engineering and Architecture Group M/S 301-225 AIAA Systems and Software Division M/S 301-225 Flight Software Systems Engineering and Architecture Group M/S 156-142

It has become clear that spacecraft system complexity is reaching a threshold where customary methods of control are no longer affordable or sufficiently reliable. At the heart of this problem are the conventional approaches to systems and software engineering based on subsystem-level functional decomposition, which fail to scale in the tangled web of interactions typically encountered in complex spacecraft designs. Furthermore, there is a fundamental gap between the requirements on software specified by systems engineers and the implementation of these requirements by software engineers. software engineers must perform the translation of requirements into software code, hoping to accurately capture the systems engineer's understanding of the system behavior, which is not always explicitly specified. This gap opens up the possibility for misinterpretation of the systems engineer's intent, potentially leading to software errors. This problem is addressed by a systems engineering methodology called State Analysis, which provides a process for capturing system and software requirements in the form of explicit models. This paper describes how requirements for complex aerospace systems can be developed using State Analysis and how these requirements inform the design of the system software, using representative spacecraft examples. Copyright © 2005 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Embedded systems

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Stability and dispersion analysis of reproducing kernel collocation method for transient dynamics

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2011年第6期32卷 777-788页

作者：罗汉中刘学文黄醒春 School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Siemens Industry Software (China) Co. Ltd.

A reproducing kernel collocation method based on strong formulation is introduced for transient dynamics. To study the stability property of this method, an algorithm based on the von Neumann hypothesis is proposed to predict the critical time step. A numerical test is conducted to validate the algorithm. The numerical critical time step and the predicted critical time step are in good agreement. The results are compared with those obtained based on the radial basis collocation method, and they axe in good agreement. Several important conclusions for choosing a proper support size of the reproducing kernel shape function are given to improve the stability condition.

关键词： reproducing kernel collocation method (RKCM) stability analysis disper-sion analysis transient dynamics

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Measuring technology effects on software change cost

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BELL LABS TECHNICAL JOURNAL 2000年第2期5卷 7-18页

作者： Atkins, DL Mockus, A Siy, HP Software Production Research Department Bell Labs Eugene Oregon Software Production Research Department Bell Labs Naperville Illinois Switching Architecture Performance and Engineering Department Lucent's Service Provider Networks Group Naperville Illinois

We describe a methodology for precise quantitative measurement of technology impact on software change effort. The methodology employs measures of small software changes to determine the effect of technology. We illustrate this approach in a detailed case study on the impact of using two particular technologies-a version-sensitive source code editor and a domain-engineered application environment-in a telecommunications product In both cases, the change effort was reduced. The methodology can precisely measure cost savings in change effort and is simple and inexpensive, since it relies on information automatically collected by Version control systems.

关键词： software engineering

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1st workshop on variability for qualities in software architecture (VAQUITA)

1st workshop on variability for qualities in software archit...

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European Conference on software architecture Workshops, ECSAW 2015

作者： Alebrahim, Azadeh Fabbender, Stephan Filipczyk, Martin Goedicke, Michael Heisel, Maritta Zdun, Uwe Paluno-The Ruhr Institute for Software Technology Working Group Software Engineering University of Duisburg-Essen Germany Research Group Software Architecture University of Vienna Austria

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HybridGAD: Identification of AI-Generated Radiology Abstracts Based on a Novel Hybrid Model with Attention Mechanism

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 3351-3377页

作者： TugbaÇelikten Aytug Onan Department of Software Engineering Faculty of TechnologyManisa Celal Bayar UniversityManisa45140Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureIzmir KatipÇelebi UniversityIzmir35620Turkey

Class Title:Radiological imaging method a comprehensive overview *** GPT paper provides an overview of the different forms of radiological imaging and the potential diagnosis capabilities they offer as well as recent advances in the *** and Methods:This paper provides an overview of conventional radiography digital radiography panoramic radiography computed tomography and cone-beam computed *** recent advances in radiological imaging are discussed such as imaging diagnosis and modern computer-aided diagnosis ***:This paper details the differences between the imaging techniques the benefits of each and the current advances in the field to aid in the diagnosis of medical ***:Radiological imaging is an extremely important tool in modern medicine to assist in medical *** work provides an overview of the types of imaging techniques used the recent advances made and their potential applications.

关键词： Generative artificial intelligence AI-generated text detection attention mechanism hybrid model for text classification

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