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Measuring Inappropriate Generosity with Access Modifiers in Java Systems

Measuring Inappropriate Generosity with Access Modifiers in ...

Joint Conference of the Int'l Workshop on and International Conference on software Process and Product Measurement software Measurement

作者： Christian Zoller Axel Schmolitzky Software Engineering and Software Architecture Department of Informatics University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany

Every element of a software architecture, e.g. a subsystem, package, or class, should have a well-defined interface that exposes or hides its sub elements according to the principles of information hiding and encapsulation. Similar to other object-oriented programming languages, Java supports defining interfaces on several levels. The accessibility of types, methods, and fields can be restricted by using access modifiers. With these modifiers, developers are able to define interfaces of packages and classes tailored for different groups of clients. However, in programming practice, types and members seem to be often declared with too generous access modifiers, i.e. they are accessible by more clients than necessary. This can lead to unwanted dependencies and software quality degradation. We developed an approach to measuring the usage of access modifiers for types and methods in Java by defining two new software metrics: Inappropriate Generosity with Accessibility of Types (IGAT) and Inappropriate Generosity with Accessibility of Methods (IGAM). Furthermore, we created a tool called Access Analysis that calculates and displays these metrics. Using Access Analysis, we conducted a survey on twelve open source Java projects. The results support our assumption that access modifiers are often chosen more generously than necessary. On average, around one third of all type and method access modifiers fall into this category. Especially top-level types are almost always declared as public, so that package interfaces typically expose more types than necessary. Only 2% of all investigated top-level types are encapsulated inside their package.

关键词： Java software Encapsulation Programming software metrics

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Data mining algorithms on the web: An application for marketing campaigns

Data mining algorithms on the web: An application for market...

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37th International Conference on Computers and Industrial engineering 2007

作者： Nce, Özlem Ünal, Aysegül Yüksek, Kemal Department of Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Istanbul Kültür University Istanbul Turkey Software Development TAGSOFT A.S. Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781627486811

The paper is based on developing two data mining algorithms and using them together in order to get smart decisions from large databases. This subject will be exemplified by a system which finds effectively particular products that are mostly sold together regarding customer profiles. Customer profiles become crucial since it makes possible finding customers who are most likely to purchase the product. The algorithms are Clustering Algorithm based on customer profiling and Association Algorithm based on market basket analysis. Our algorithms were constructed on customer transaction history data. The process of mining large databases purposes finding new knowledge, hidden predictive information and presenting them in understandable manner. The efficiency has been increased by using these two algorithms together. We believe that our system constitutes a test bed for the analysis and development of data mining techniques for active customer profiling to make inferences for marketing campaigns. At the end, the results have been accessed on the web. The application, which based with Web technologies, is very useful for getting information from different locations and systems. Web Technologies can share all locations for the people, who have web browser in their own PC. So, a manager can get smart decision on web wherever he is. The application has been programmed by using *** with C#. programming language based on SQL 2000 database engine.

关键词： Clustering algorithms

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Forces of fully nonlinear interfacial periodic waves on a cylindrical pile in a two-layer fluid with free-surface boundary conditions

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Journal of Ocean engineering and Science 2023年第6期8卷 662-674页

作者： Jiyang Li Zeng Liu Jie Cui School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangJiangsu 212000PR China School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074PR China Hubei Key Laboratory of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Hydrodynamics(HUST) Wuhan 430074China Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Data Techniques and Supporting Software for Ships Wuhan 430074PR China

In the frame of fully nonlinear potential flow theory,series solutions of interfacial periodic gravity waves in a two-layer fluid with free surface are obtained by the homotopy analysis method(HAM),and the related wave forces on a vertical cylinder are *** solution procedure of the HAM for the interfacial wave model with rigid upper surface is further developed to consider the free surface *** forces of nonlinear interfacial periodic waves are estimated by both the classical and modified Mori-son *** is found that the estimated wave forces by the classical Morison equation are more conservative than those by the modified Morison’s formula,and the relative error between the total inertial forces calculated by these two kinds of Morison’s formulae remains over 25%for most cases unless the upper and lower layer depths are both large *** demonstrates that the convective acceleration neglected in the classical Morison equation is rather important for inertial force exerted by not only internal solitary waves but also interfacial periodic *** of these should further deepen our understanding of internal periodic wave forces on a vertical marine riser.

关键词： Interfacial periodic waves Wave force Cylindrical pile Homotopy analysis method Morison equation

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Numerical analysis of added mass and damping of elastic hydrofoils

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2020年第5期32卷 1009-1023页

作者： Jia-sheng Li Ye-gao Qu Hong-xing Hua School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Data Techniques and Supporting Software for Ships(DTSSS) Wuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

A numerical model is proposed for analyzing the effects of added mass and damping on the dynamic behaviors of *** coupled fluid-structure interactions(FSIs)of hydrofoils are analyzed by using the 3-D panel method for the fluid and the finite element method for the *** added mass and damping matrices due to the external fluid of the hydrofoil are asymmetric and computational *** computational inefficiencies associated with these asymmetric matrices are overcome by using a modal reduction technique,in which the first several wet mode vectors of the hydrofoil are employed in the analysis of the FSI *** discretized system of equations of motion for the hydrofoil are solved using the Wilson-6 *** present methods are validated by comparing the computed results with those obtained from the finite element *** is found that the stationary flow is sufficient for determining the wet modes of the hydrofoil under the condition of single-phase potential flow and without phase *** the case of relatively large inflow velocity,the added damping of the fluid can significantly affect the structural responses of the hydrofoil.

关键词： Fluid-structure interaction(FSI) hydroelastic response hydrofoil added mass added damping

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AccessAnalysis: A Tool for Measuring the Appropriateness of Access Modifiers in Java Systems

AccessAnalysis: A Tool for Measuring the Appropriateness of ...

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IEEE International Workshop on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation

作者： Christian Zoller Axel Schmolitzky Software Engineering and Software Architecture Department of Informatics University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany

Access modifiers allow Java developers to define package and class interfaces tailored for different groups of clients. According to the principles of information hiding and encapsulation, the accessibility of types, methods, and fields should be as restrictive as possible. However, in programming practice, the potential of the given possibilities seems not always be fully exploited. Access Analysis is a plug-in for the Eclipse IDE that measures the usage of access modifiers for types and methods in Java. It calculates two metrics, Inappropriate Generosity with Accessibility of Types (IGAT) and Inappropriate Generosity with Accessibility of Methods (IGAM), which represent the degree of deviation between actual and necessary access modifiers. As an approximation for the necessary access modifier, we introduce the notion of minimal access modifiers. The minimal access modifier is the most restrictive access modifier that allows all existing references to a type or method in the entire source code of a system. Access Analysis determines minimal access modifiers by static source code analysis using the build-in Java DOM/AST API of Eclipse.

关键词： Java Measurement Encapsulation software engineering Abstracts Programming Approximation methods

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A high-power and high-efficiency mini generator for scavenging energy from human foot movement

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第12期66卷 3381-3392页

作者： WU Hui QIAN Shuo HOU XiaoJuan ZHAO JuanHong ZHANG Jie SONG XiaoGuang LIU YanLi SHI ShuZheng GENG WenPing MU JiLiang HE Jian CHOU XiuJian Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China School of Software North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China School of Information and Communication Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China School of Mechanical Engineering Hebei University of ArchitectureZhangjiakou 075000China

Harvesting energy from human movement and converting it into electricity is a promising method to address the issue of sustainable power supply for wearable electronic *** traditional energy harvesters for practical applications is difficult due to their low output *** this paper,an energy harvester with high power and efficiency is reported based on the principle of electromagnetic *** adopts a tiny compound mechanism comprising symmetrical lever-sector gear,which can amplify the vertical displacement of the human heel of 1.44 times without affecting the flexibility and comfort of human *** lever-sector gear and gear acceleration mechanism can achieve high output power from the tiny vertical movements of the *** results demonstrated that the average power and energy harvesting efficiency of the device are 1 W and 63%,***,combining a novel controllable electric switch and energy management circuit allows the energy harvester to be worn by individuals with different weights and functions as a continuous real-time power supply for various electronic devices(mobile phones,smartwatches,etc.).Therefore,this research provides a new approach for the highly efficient harvesting of human motion energy and sustainable power supply of wearable electronics.

关键词： human movement energy lever-sector gear compound mechanism high power electromagnetic energy harvester wearable electronics

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Exploring networked softwares

Exploring networked softwares

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2010 International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, ICNSC 2010

作者： Wang, Hongchun He, Keqing Li, Bing State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China School of Economics and Management Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing 100044 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424464531

Complex networks are everywhere. Typical examples include Internet, the World Wide Web, HTTP, and software networks. Over the last decade, networked software has gradually developed to be an emerging new research field in software engineering. This paper will briefly explore some recent important advances in networked software, including networked software systems, structures and behaviors of networked software, dynamic evolving of networked software, network supported cooperation, networked software interoperability, and so on. Some discussions and comments are also given in this paper. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： HTTP

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Swimming of a self-propelled fishlike body in the slurry

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Ocean engineering 2025年 332卷

作者： Da Hui Jinshan Zhu Guiyong Zhang Zhijing Xu Navigation College Dalian Maritime University Dalian 116024 China State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment School of Naval Architecture Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology Ningbo 315016 China

A numerical method that integrates the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) with the Smoothed Point Interpolation Method (S-PIM) is developed to model a two-dimensional self-propelled fishlike body swimming in three distinct slurry conditions. Effects of the maximum muscle force and the limit tail amplitude are specifically examined to understand the swimming performance of the two-dimensional fishlike body in the slurry. Results highlight that an increase in maximum muscle force accelerates swimming velocity. Additionally, swimming velocity may decline with increased tail amplitude in specific slurry conditions. Analysis of wake vortices and yielded/unyielded regions reveals that wake vortices can be significantly suppressed during the transition between solid-like and fluid-like behaviors in slurries. The vortices remain concentrated within the yielded regions even at higher tail amplitude. For swimming efficiency, greater muscle force coupled with reduced tail amplitude achieves superior performance. This research provides insights into designing fishlike robotics in slurry environments. The implications of these findings also extend to the optimization of robotic systems aimed at replicating aquatic locomotion in viscous environments.

关键词： Aquatic locomotion Fluid-structure interaction LBM Non-Newtonian fluid

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Constructing Edge-Colored Graph for Heterogeneous Networks

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2015年第5期30卷 1154-1160页

作者：侯睿武继刚陈亚文张海波隋秀峰 School of Computer Science and Software Engineering Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin 300387 China State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture~ Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Department of Computer Science University of Otago Dunedin 9054 New Zealand

In order to build a fault-tolerant network, heterogeneous facilities are arranged in the network to prevent homogeneous faults from causing serious damage. This paper uses edge-colored graph to investigate the features of a network topology which is survivable after a set of homogeneous devices malfunction. We propose an approach to designing such networks under arbitrary parameters. We also show that the proposed approach can be used to optimize inter-router connections in network-on-chip to reduce the additional consum!otion of energy and time delay.

关键词： network reliability homogeneous fault fault tolerance reconfigurable system network-on-chip

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Embedded dynamic security networking technology based on fast jump and trust degree

Embedded dynamic security networking technology based on fas...

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2nd International Conference on Precision Mechanical Instruments and Measurement Technology, ICPMIMT 2014

作者： Zheng, Wen Kui Jin, Man College of Software Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China College of civil engineering and architecture Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783038351948

The traditional embedded system networking technology ignores the security of network systems, either ignores fast networking requirements of network system, these requirements can be achieved at the same time. A embedded dynamic security networking technology based on fast jump and trust degree is proposed, when systems is networking, the use of random beating from multiple network nodes and fast switching optimize network search methods. Experimental results show that the proposed method can detect distribution of systems security risks accurately, and has a good application value for network security. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Embedded systems

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