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embedded systems for Real-Time Multimedia (ESTIMedia)

作者： Dirk Tetzlaff Sabine Glesner Chair Software Engineering for Embedded Systems Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467349680

Recursion poses a severe problem for static optimizations because its execution frequency usually depends upon runtime values, hence being rarely predictable at compile time. As a consequence, optimization potential of programs is sacrificed since possible hot paths where most of the execution time is spent and where optimization would be beneficial might be undiscovered. In this paper, we propose a sophisticated machine learning based approach to statically predict the recursion frequency of functions for programs in real-world application domains, which can be used to guide various hot spot optimizations. Our experiments with 369 programs of 25 benchmark suites from different domains demonstrate that our approach is applicable to a wide range of programs with different behavior and yields more precise heuristics than those generated by pure static analyses. Moreover, our results provide valuable insights into recursive structures in general, when they appear and how deep they are.

关键词： structures approach optimizations Recursion wide-range execution time compile time Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning high temperature spot fish Spot Spots

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MiDebug: Microcontroller integrated development and debugging environment

MiDebug: Microcontroller integrated development and debuggin...

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11th ACM/IEEE Conference on Information Processing in Sensing Networks, IPSN'12

作者： Shen, Chenguang Herman, Henry Charbiwala, Zainul Srivastava, Mani B. Software School Fudan University No. 825 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 China Networked and Embedded Systems Laboratory Electrical Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles 90095 CA United States

We present MiDebug, a web-based Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for embedded system programming with in-browser debugging capabilities. This web application greatly reduces the time and effort required for ra... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312271

关键词： Microcontrollers

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A comparison of executable model based approaches for embedded systems

A comparison of executable model based approaches for embedd...

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International Workshop on software engineering for embedded systems (SEES)

作者： Julie Street Fant Hassan Gomaa Robert G. Pettit Software Systems Engineering Department AeroSpace Corporation Chantilly USA Department of Computer Science George Mason University Fairfax USA Flight Software and Embedded Systems Office AeroSpace Corporation Chantilly USA

Designing and building embedded systems is a challenging problem. Designers must ensure that the software architecture meets its functional requirements and also, since embedded systems often have real-time constraints, meets its performance requirements. It is usually difficult to determine whether or not the embedded system designs will meet functional and performance requirements. To help increase confidence in embedded software architectures, designers often turn to executable model based approaches to assess their systems. There are many different approaches for designing and analyzing real-time embedded systems. This paper is intended to help designers in their choice by comparing two different executable model based approaches for designing and validating real-time embedded systems, namely state machines and colored Petri nets. Both approaches are compared using seven different comparison criteria and examples are given from a cruise control system case study.

关键词： Unified modeling language Object oriented modeling embedded systems Real time systems Concurrent computing Petri nets Analytical models

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On relaying for wireless industrial communications: Is careful placement of relayers strictly necessary?

On relaying for wireless industrial communications: Is caref...

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IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication systems (WFCS)

作者： Andreas Willig Elisabeth Uhlemann Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand CERES: Center for Research on Embedded Systems Halmstad University Halmstad Sweden

Relaying is a very promising technique to improve the reliability of data transmission in wireless (industrial) networks. With relaying, relay nodes support source nodes in carrying out retransmissions. A common assumption is that relayers should be placed at “good” positions (e.g. in the middle between source and destination) to achieve benefits. In this paper we tackle the question of whether it is strictly necessary to place relayers at “good” positions (which often requires extensive measurements). We present results indicating that the benefits of relaying are achievable even with randomly placed relayers, as long as enough of them are deployed. Specifically, we present results suggesting that with a sufficient (and still not too high) number of randomly deployed relayers, the probability that all packets, sent by source nodes to a central controller in a TDMA round, reach the controller is larger than for the case with source-only retransmissions. This finding holds true both in the absence and the presence of feedback.

关键词： Relays Wireless communication Wireless sensor networks Schedules Receivers Reliability Time division multiple access

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Reconfiguration Algorithms for Degradable VLSI Arrays with Switch Faults

Reconfiguration Algorithms for Degradable VLSI Arrays with S...

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International Conference on Parallel and Distributed systems (ICPADS)

作者： Yuanbo Zhu Jigang Wu Siew-Kei Lam Thambipillai Srikanthan School of Computer Science and Software Engineering Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin China Centre for High Performance Embedded Systems Nanyang Technological University Singapore

The problem of reconfiguring two-dimensional VLSI arrays with faults is to find a maximum logical array without faults. The existing algorithms only consider faults associated with processing elements, and all switches and links are assumed to be fault-free. But switch faults may often occur in the network-on-chips with high density. In this paper, two novel approaches are proposed to tackle the reconfiguration problem of degradable VLSI arrays with switch faults. The first approach extends the well-known existing algorithm with simple pre-processing and row bypass scheme. The second one employs a novel row and column rerouting scheme to maximize the size of the logical array. Simulation results show that the proposed two approaches can effectively generate the logical arrays on the given host array with switch faults, and the second algorithm performs more favorably with the increasing number of the switch faults.

关键词： Switches Logic arrays Circuit faults Very large scale integration Routing Arrays Indexes

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Self-Stabilizing Micro Controller for Large-Scale Sensor Networks in Spite of Program Counter Corruptions Due to Soft Errors

Self-Stabilizing Micro Controller for Large-Scale Sensor Net...

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International Conference on Parallel and Distributed systems (ICPADS)

作者： Christopher Boelmann Torben Weis Michael Engel Arno Wacker Distributed Systems Group University of Duisburg-Essen Duisburg Germany Design Automation for Embedded Systems Group TU Dortmund University Dortmund Germany Software-engineering for Ubiquitous-Computing Applications University of Kassel Kassel Germany

For large installations of networked embedded systems it is important that each entity is self-stabilizing, because usually there is nobody to restart nodes that have hung up. Self-stabilization means to recover from temporary failures (soft errors) and adapt to a change of network topology caused by permanent failures. On the software side self-stabilizing algorithms must assume that the hardware is executing the software correctly. In this paper we discuss cases in which soft errors invalidate this assumption, especially in cases where CPU registers or the watchdog timer are affected by the fault. Based on the observation that a guaranteed self-stabilization is only possible as long as the watchdog-timer is working properly after temporary failures, we propose and compare three different approaches that meet the requirements of sensor networks, to solve this problem with a combination of hardware- and software-modifications: 1) A run-time verification of every watchdog access 2) A completely hardware-based approach, without any software modifications 3) A 2 X byte code alignment, to realign a corrupted program counter Furthermore we determine the average code-size increase and evaluate necessary hardware-modifications that come along with each approach.

关键词： Registers Hardware Random access memory Read only memory Microprocessors embedded systems

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A Refined Functional Size Measurement Procedure for Real-Time embedded software Requirements Expressed Using the Simulink Model

A Refined Functional Size Measurement Procedure for Real-Tim...

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Joint Conference of the Int'l Workshop on and International Conference on software Process and Product Measurement software Measurement

作者： Hassan Soubra Alain Abran Amar Ramdane-Cherif Embedded Systems Team Engineering School ESTACA Laval France Department of Software Engineering and IT Ecole de technologie supérieure-ETS Université du Québec Montreal Canada LISV-Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes de Versailles UVSQ Velizy France

COSMIC-based functional size measurement (FSM) procedures should all produce the same measurement results, no matter what design decisions are made when modeling the functional requirements of the software to be measured. When the FSM procedure proposed in [14] is applied to different models of the same functional requirements, the measurement results vary. This problem is addressed, and a refined FSM procedure for real-time embedded software is proposed. The revised rules of this refined FSM procedure are based on an analysis of the issues detected in [14], and a solution to the variance issue is offered as a result.

关键词： Mathematical model software packages Size measurement Equations software measurement Real-time systems

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High throughput relay policy in wireless cooperative relaying networks based on stochastic control theory

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2011年第4期18卷 1-6页

作者： LI Yong HOU Yi-bin HUANG Zhang-qin WEI Yi-fei Embedded Software and Systems Institute Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China School of Electronic Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China

This paper proposes a distributed relay and modulation and coding scheme （MCS） selection in wireless cooperative relaying networks where the adaptive modulation and coding （AMC） scheme is applied. First-order finite-state Markov channels （FSMCs） are used to model the wireless channels and make prediction. The objective of the relay policy is to select one relay and MCS among different alternatives in each time-slot according to their channel state information （CSI） with the goal of maximizing the throughput of the whole transmission period. The procedure of relay and MCS selection can be formulated as a discounted Markov decision chain, and the relay policy can be obtained with recent advances in stochastic control algorithms. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

关键词： relay policy cooperative relaying networks finite-state Markov channel stochastic control

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Scalable multi-core simulation using parallel dynamic binary translation

Scalable multi-core simulation using parallel dynamic binary...

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2011 11th International Conference on embedded Computer systems: Architectures, Modeling and Simulation, IC-SAMOS 2011

作者： Almer, Oscar Böhm, Igor Von Koch, Tobias Edler Franke, Björn Kyle, Stephen Seeker, Volker Thompson, Christopher Topham, Nigel Institute for Computing Systems Architecture University of Edinburgh United Kingdom Software Engineering for Embedded Systems Group Technical University Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781457708008

In recent years multi-core processors have seen broad adoption in application domains ranging from embedded systems through general-purpose computing to large-scale data centres. Simulation technology for multi-core systems, however, lags behind and does not provide the simulation speed required to effectively support design space exploration and parallel software development. While state-of-the-art instruction set simulators (Iss) for single-core machines reach or exceed the performance levels of speed-optimised silicon implementations of embedded processors, the same does not hold for multi-core simulators where large performance penalties are to be paid. In this paper we develop a fast and scalable simulation methodology for multi-core platforms based on parallel and just-in-time (Jit) dynamic binary translation (Dbt). Our approach can model large-scale multi-core configurations, does not rely on prior profiling, instrumentation, or compilation, and works for all binaries targeting a state-of-the-art embedded multi-core platform implementing the ARCompact instruction set architecture (Isa). We have evaluated our parallel simulation methodology against the industry standard Splash-2 and Eembc MultiBench benchmarks and demonstrate simulation speeds up to 25,307 Mips on a 32-core 86 host machine for as many as 2048 target processors whilst exhibiting minimal and near constant overhead. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： embedded systems

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Cooperative relay selection policy using partially observable Markov decision process

Cooperative relay selection policy using partially observabl...

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2011 7th International Conference on Natural Computation, ICNC 2011

作者： Li, Yong Hou, Yibin Huang, Zhangqin Wei, Yifei Embedded Software and Systems Institute Beijing University of Technology Beijing China School of Electronic Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424499533

In wireless mobile environment, the wireless channels are unreliable and change fast due to fading and users' movement. Since the wireless channel state is not directly observable at the receiver but is embedded in the received signal, this paper uses hidden Markov model (HMM) to model and predict the state of available relays, and considers relay selection as a stochastic process where the state of wireless channel varies randomly. The objective of the process is to select one relay among different alternatives in each time-slot according to their channel state information (CSI) with the goal of maximizing the long term information rate of the whole transmission period. We model the whole procedure of relay selection as a type of partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs), and the optimal policy of which relay will be selected at each time-slot can be acquired by solving POMDPs with dynamic programming-based hidden Markov model scheduling algorithms. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Channel state information

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