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Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2017年 10107 LNCS卷 71-86页

作者： Schlesinger, Sebastian Herber, Paula Göthel, Thomas Glesner, Sabine Software and Embedded Systems Engineering Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 Berlin10623 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783319517377

Hybrid models are highly relevant for the development of embedded systems because they cover both their continuous and discrete aspects. To master the increasing complexity of embedded systems design, transformation techniques such as automated refactoring play an important role, as they allow for simplifying (sub)models. In safety-critical environments, it is crucial to formally verify the behavioural equivalence of source and transformed target model. For data-flow models that contain control flow entities, this is a major challenge because small deviations of trigger values at control flow elements can yield diverging behaviour of the systems. In this paper, we present our approach that enables the semi-automated verification of the behavioural equivalence of hybrid MATLAB/Simulink models. To this end, we define a static analysis that derives proof obligations to estimate the worst case deviation between model and refactored model. Our approach can be applied to many practical applications such as in the automotive or aerospace industry where MATLAB/Simulink is a de-facto standard. © Springer International Publishing AG 2017.

关键词： Static analysis

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Accelerated Simulated Fault Injection Testing

Accelerated Simulated Fault Injection Testing

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IEEE International Conference on software Reliability engineering Workshops (ISSRE Wksp)

作者： Emilia Cioroaica Jasmin Jahić Thomas Kuhn Christian Peper Denis Uecker Christoph Dropmann Peter Munk Amarnath Rakshith Eike Thaden Embedded Software Engineering Institute for Experimental Software Engineering Kaiserslautern Germany Embedded Systems Quality Assurance Institute for Experimental Software Engineering Kaiserslautern Germany Corporate Sector Research and Advance Engineering Robert Bosch GmbH Renningen Germany Robert Bosch GmbH Gerlingen-Schillerhohe Baden-WÃ¼rttemberg DE

ISBN: (纸本)9781538623886

Fault injection testing approaches assess the reliability of execution environments for critical software. They support the early testing of safety concepts that mitigate the impact of hardware failures on software behavior. The growing use of platform software for embedded systems raises the need to verify safety concepts that execute on top of operating systems and middleware platforms. Current fault injection techniques consider the resulting software stack as one black box and attempt to test the reaction of all components in the context of faults. This leads to very high software complexity and consequently requires a very high number of fault injection experiments. Testing the software components, such as control functions, operating systems, and middleware, individually would lead to a significant reduction of the number of experiments required. In this paper, we illustrate our novel approach for fault injection testing, which considers the components of a software stack, enables re-use of previously collected evidences, allows focusing testing on highly critical parts of the control software, and significantly lowers the number of experiments required.

关键词： Testing Safety Operating systems Hardware Computational modeling Registers

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Towards a Safe software Development Environment

Towards a Safe Software Development Environment

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Euromicro Symposium on Digital System Design

作者： Mahmoud Hussein Reda Nouacer Ansgar Radermacher CEA Laboratory of Model Driven Engineering for Embedded Systems Faculty of Computers and Information Menofia University Egypt CEA Software Reliability and Security Laboratory France

It is largely recognized that the architectures of embedded systems are becoming more and more complex both at hardware and software levels. Despite the significant advances in the development tools, developing the software of such systems while ensuring their safety is still a difficult task. In this paper, we propose an engineering methodology to ease the development of safe software systems. It consists of four main phases: system modelling and validation, code generation and integration, static code analysis, and dynamic code analysis. This methodology is realized using CEA LIST open-source development platforms: Papyrus, Frama-C, and UNISIM-VP. These platforms are results of many research and industrial projects such as FP7-SafeAdapt, FUI-EQUITAS, FP7-STANCE, CATRENE-OpenES, and FSN-SESAM Grids.

关键词： Unified modeling language Safety embedded systems Tools Security Analytical models

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Model-Based Function Mapping and Bandwidth Reservation for Mixed-Critical Adaptive systems

Model-Based Function Mapping and Bandwidth Reservation for M...

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Euromicro Symposium on Digital System Design

作者： Mahmoud Hussein Ansgar Radermacher Reda Nouacer CEA Laboratory of Model Driven Engineering for Embedded Systems Faculty of Computers and Information Menofia University Egypt CEA Software Reliability and Security Laboratory France

The new AutoSAR adaptive platform makes mixed-critical automotive systems able to adapt at runtime in response to hardware and software failures. However, mapping functions of these adaptive automotive systems to the hardware nodes and reserving their bandwidth are still major challenges. To tackle such major challenges, in this paper, we propose a model-based approach for the automatic identification of functions mapping and bandwidth reservation for the different configurations of an adaptive software system. The functions mapping and bandwidth reservation are performed by a Tabu search-based strategy. In this strategy, there is a temporal isolation between critical and non-critical functions. Thus, overruns of non-critical functions do not affect timing guarantees of critical functions, and the quality of service for the non-critical functions is maximized.

关键词： Bandwidth Adaptive systems Hardware Adaptation models Runtime Quality of service Servers

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Imaging X-ray polarimetry explorer mission: Spacecraft implementation concept

Imaging X-ray polarimetry explorer mission: Spacecraft imple...

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AIAA Space and Astronautics Forum and Exposition, SPACE 2017

作者： Deininger, William D. Kalinowski, William Allen, Zach Bladt, Jeff Boysen, Mary Bygott, Kyle Erickson, Jennifer Ferguson, John Guy, Larry Johnson, Sandra Phan, Huong Smith, Brian Wedmore, Jeffrey Houston, Janice Kelley, Anthony Ramsey, Brian Mission Systems Engineering IXPE Mission Systems and Payload Engineer Ball Aerospace BoulderCO80301 United States C&DH IXPE Spacecraft Systems Engineering C&DH Lead Ball Aerospace BoulderCO80301 United States Electrical Systems Engineering IXPE Electrical Systems and Power Subsystem Lead Ball Aerospace BoulderCO80301 United States ADCS Engineering IXPE ADCS Lead Ball Aerospace BoulderCO80301 United States Mechanical Engineering IXPE Structural Engineering Lead Ball Aerospace BoulderCO80301 United States Embedded Software Engineering IXPE Flight Software Lead Ball Aerospace BoulderCO80301 United States IXPE Systems Engineering Ball Aerospace BoulderCO80301 United States Thermal Systems Engineering IXPE Thermal Lead Ball Aerospace BoulderCO80301 United States Mechanical Engineering IXPE Mechanisms Lead Ball Aerospace BoulderCO80301 United States Telecommunication Systems Engineering IXPE Telecom Lead Ball Aerospace BoulderCO80301 United States Structurall Engineering IXPE Structural Analyst Ball Aerospace BoulderCO80301 United States Systems Test IXPE AI&T Analyst Ball Aerospace BoulderCO80301 United States Mechanical Engineering IXPE Mechnical Design Lead Ball Aerospace BoulderCO80301 United States HuntsvilleAL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781624104831

The goal of the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) Mission is to expand understanding of high-energy astrophysical processes and sources, in support of NASA’s first science objective in Astrophysics: "Discover how the universe works." Polarization uniquely probes physical anisotropies—ordered magnetic fields, aspheric matter distributions, or general relativistic coupling to black-hole spin—that are not otherwise measurable. X-ray polarimetry is the focus of the IXPE science mission. The IXPE Observatory consists of Spacecraft and Payload modules built up in parallel to form the Observatory during system integration and test. The Payload includes three polarization sensitive, X-ray detector arrays, each paired with its cooresponding grazing angle incidence mirror module assemblies (MMA). A deployable boom provides the correct separation (focal length) between the detector units (DU) and MMAs. These Payload elements are supported by the IXPE Spacecraft which is derived from the BCP-100 small Spacecraft architecture. The BCP-100 uses flight-proven components, a simple structural design, and significant design and software reuse from prior missions. The Spacecraft design provides the required power over the full range of sun angles. A star tracker is a key element of the attitude determination and control system. It is mounted directly with the Payload to minimize alignment errors between the bus and Payload. The modular design allows for concurrent Payload and Spacecraft development with a well-defined, clean interface to reduce technical and schedule risk. The design balances a low-cost and low-risk approach with significant Spacecraft capability and flexibility. This paper summarizes the IXPE mission science objectives, instrument and Observatory concepts and then describes IXPE Spacecraft implementation. © 2017, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polarimeters

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VFlash: Virtualized Flash for Optimizing the I/O Performance in Mobile Devices

VFlash: Virtualized Flash for Optimizing the I/O Performance...

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作者： Chen, Renhai Wang, Yi Hu, Jingtong Liu, Duo Shao, Zili Guan, Yong Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology Beijing100048 China College of Information Engineering Capital Normal University Beijing China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK74074 United States College of Computer Science Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China Embedded Systems and CPS Laboratory Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong

I/O is becoming one of major performance bottlenecks in NAND-flash-based mobile devices. Novel nonvolatile memories (NVMs), such as phase change memory and spin-transfer torque random access memory, can provide fast read/write operations. In this paper, we propose a unified NVM/flash architecture to improve the I/O performance. A transparent scheme, virtualized flash (vFlash), is also proposed to manage the unified architecture. Within vFlash, interapp and intra-app techniques are proposed to optimize the application performance by exploiting the historical locality and I/O access patterns of applications. Since vFlash is on the bottom of the I/O stack, the application features will be lost. Therefore, we also propose a cross-layer technique to transfer the application information from the application layer to the vFlash layer. The proposed scheme is evaluated based on an Android platform, and the experimental results show that the proposed scheme can effectively improve the I/O performance of mobile devices. © 1982-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Phase change memory

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Modeling Business Motivation and Underlying Processes for RAMI 4.0-Aligned Cyber-Physical Production systems

Modeling Business Motivation and Underlying Processes for RA...

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IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation

作者： Kunal Suri Juan Cadavid Mauricio Alferez Saadia Dhouib Sara Tucci-Piergiovanni CEA LIST Laboratory of Model Driven Engineering for Embedded Systems (LISE) Gif-sur-Yvette France Telecom SudParis Paris-Saclay France CEA LIST Gif-sur-Yvette France Siemens Industry Software NV Leuven Belgium

Industry 4.0 is one of the most prominent initiatives towards the vision of smart manufacturing to foster efficiency and synergy among suppliers, producers, and customers. It will transform the production systems into a smart, fully integrated, and optimized cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) based on technology enablers such as Internet of Things (IoT). Moreover, the availability of a wide range of data and information in the context of CPPS provides a huge possibility to create novel business opportunities. However, for these business opportunities to materialize successfully there is an evident need to have an efficient communication and clear visualization of the new strategies and the underlying operational process among all the stakeholders involved in the manufacturing value chain. In this paper, we propose a model-based approach for creating and communicating business strategies (mission, goals, and tactics) and bridging the gap between the business strategies and corresponding operational processes using Business Motivation Model (BMM) and Business Process Modeling and Notation (BPMN) respectively. Concretely, we do the following, (i) create BMM models to communicate business ideas and connect corresponding business tactics to the processes models in BPMN, (ii) simulate processes to check achievable KPIs corresponding to different strategies (modeled in BMM), and (iii) define organizational units in BMM that perform tasks modeled in BPMN. We illustrate our approach through an exemplar case study about production of plastic cups by modeling high-level strategies and their underlying processes. To prove the feasibility of our work, we used and developed the BMM and BPMN plugins based on Eclipse Papyrus framework.

关键词： Model-Based Development CPPS Industry 4.0 RAMI 4.0 Business Motivation Model (BMM) BPMN Simulation

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Towards identifying spurious paths in combined Simulink/Stateflow models 46

Towards identifying spurious paths in combined Simulink/Stat...

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46. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft fur Informatik - 46th Annual Meeting of the German Informatics Society, INFORMATIK 2016

作者： Mikulcak, Marcus Göthel, Thomas Herber, Paula Glesner, Sabine Technische Universität Berlin Software and Embedded Systems Engineering Group Ernst-Reuter-Platz 7 Berlin10587 Germany Service and Software Engineering Group Universität Potsdam August-Bebel-Straûe 89 Potsdam14482 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885796534

MATLAB/Simulink and its state machine design toolbox Stateflow are widely-used industrial tools for the development of complex embedded systems. Due to the dynamic as well as heterogeneous nature of models that contain both Simulink and Stateflow components, their analysis poses a difficult challenge. This paper outlines an approach to relate the semantics of both Simulink and Stateflow and how to use it to perform an information flow analysis on a combined Simulink and Stateflow model. In the first step, we analyze the Stateflow automata and generate timed output traces for arbitrary inputs. In the second step, we use an existing timed path condition extraction algorithm for the Simulink components to identify conditions for information flow on paths of interest. Finally, we analyze whether the compiled sets of timed path conditions are contained in the timed output traces that we derive by using a novel trace notation for Stateflow automata. This approach makes it possible to safely rule out the existence of information flow on specific paths through a model. Further, it presents a starting point to reason about non-interference between model parts, compliance with security policies as well as the generation of feasible, efficient test cases.

关键词： Simulink

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Splitting tasks for migrating real-time automotive applications to multi-core ECUs

Splitting tasks for migrating real-time automotive applicati...

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International Symposium on Industrial embedded systems

作者： Martin Lowinski Dirk Ziegenbein Sabine Glesner Software Engineering for Embedded Systems Technische Universität Berlin Germany Robert Bosch GmbH Corporate Research Germany

Real-time automotive software becomes increasingly complex due to the integration of more functionalities. At the same time, the computation power of electronic control units grows by increasing the number of cores instead of the core performance. Thus, in the near future a single task will require more computation power than a single core can offer. We propose an approach that solves this problem by splitting a task into multiple parallel task partitions with minimal synchronization overhead while maintaining all data dependencies of the functionalities inside the original task. The approach is successfully validated on a real-world engine management system.

关键词： Synchronization Multicore processing software Automotive applications software algorithms Resource management

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Weight assignment using entropy

International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineeri...

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International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous engineering 2016年第1期11卷 353-362页

作者： Qian, Yurong Jeon, Gwanggil Software College Xinjiang University Urumqi China Department of Embedded Systems Engineering Incheon National University 119 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon Korea Republic of

In this paper, a compromised method is presented for the interlaced signals. The interlaced signals are vertically reconstructed by interpolation method. The efficient edge directed line average method is the advanced version of edge directed line average method, which uses two more useful metrics to assess edge direction. On the other hand, Bob method does not consider edge direction, rather its results are the average results of upper and lower lines. We used information entropy to give weights. Considered two methods were efficient edge directed line average and Bob methods, and we obtain compromised approach. Experimental results show that the presented method provides satisfactory results. © 2016 SERSC.

关键词： Signal sampling

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