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10th Workshop on Models and Evolution, ME 2016

作者： Kögel, Stefan Groner, Raffaela Tichy, Matthias Institute of Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University UlmD-89069 Germany

Model-driven software engineering uses models and meta models as key artefacts in the software development process. Typically, changes in the models (or meta models) do not come in isolation but are part of more complex change sets where a single change depends on other changes, e.g., a component is added to an architectural model and thereafter ports and connectors connect this component to other components. Furthermore, these sets of related and depending changes are often recurring, e.g., always when a component is added to an architecture, it is highly likely that ports are added to that component, too. This is similar for changes in meta models. Our goal is to help engineers by (1) automatically identifying clusters of related changes on model histories and (2) recommending corresponding changes after the engineer performs a single change. In this position paper, we present an initial technique to achieve our goal. We evaluate our technique with models from the Eclipse GMF project and present our recommendations as well as the recommendation quality. Our evaluation found an average precision between 0:43 and 0:82 for our recommendations.

关键词： Recommender systems

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Proactive Trust Assessment of Systems as Services 12

Proactive Trust Assessment of Systems as Services

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12th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to software Engineering (ENASE)

作者： Lopez, Jorge Kushik, Natalia Yevtushenko, Nina Univ Paris Saclay Telecom SudParis CNRS SAMOVAR 9 Rue Charles Fourier F-91011 Evry France Tomsk State Univ Dept Informat Technol 36 Lenin Str Tomsk 634050 Russia Russian Acad Sci Inst Syst Programming Software Engn Dept 25 Alexander Solzhenitsyn Str Moscow 109004 Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9789897582509

The paper is devoted to the trust assessment problem for specific types of software/hardware systems, namely Systems as Services. We assume that such systems are designed and utilized in all application domains, and therefore the aspects of trust are becoming crucial. Moreover, these systems are mainly used on-demand and are often represented by a composition of 'smaller' services. Thus, an effective method for estimating/assessing the trust level of a given component service ( or a system as a whole) needs to be utilized. Most known methods and techniques for trust evaluation mainly rely on the passive testing and system monitoring;in this paper, we propose a novel approach for this problem taking advantage of active testing techniques. Test sequences to be applied to a system/service under test are derived based on determining the critical values of non-functional service parameters. A set of these parameters can be obtained via a static code analysis of the system/service or by addressing available experts. Machine learning techniques can be applied later on, for determining critical parameter values and thus, deriving corresponding test sequences. The paper contains an illustrative example of RESTFul web service which components are checked w.r.t. critical trust properties.

关键词： Systems as Services Machine Learning Dynamic Code Analysis Trust software Testing

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Semantic agent contracts for Internet of Agents

Semantic agent contracts for Internet of Agents

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IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI)

作者： Pico-Valencia, Pablo Holgado-Terriza, Juan A. Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador Programming & Dev Software Dept Esmeraldas 080150 Ecuador Univ Granada Software Engn Dept E-18071 Granada Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781509047710

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a current approach which aims to act on pervasive environments for connecting smart objects. These objects are capable to sense their own environment, interacting and cooperating with other devices. However, the IoT also requires to perform coordination actions that devices cannot carry out with the embedded electronic. In order to create smarter collaborative systems, the Internet of Agents (IoA) approach arises as an alternative for providing information and services to other objects, systems and people, and to initialize actions if necessary. In this paper, a semantic model of public agent contracts based on OWL ontologies enriched with Open Linked Data has been proposed as a fundamental way to describe standard collaborative units that can interact in a social context. The overarching ontology we have named IoA-OWL takes into account functional and non-functional aspects organized in six profiles such as agent, context, model, service, social, and object.

关键词： Internet of things

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Integration of Runtime Verification into Metamodeling for Simulation and Code Generation (Position Paper) 16th

Integration of Runtime Verification into Metamodeling for Si...

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16th International Conference on Runtime Verification (RV)

作者： Macias, Fernando Scheffel, Torben Schmitz, Malte Wang, Rui Bergen Univ Coll Bergen Norway Univ Lubeck Inst Software Engn & Programming Languages Lubeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783319469829;9783319469812

Runtime verification is an approach growing in popularity to verify the correctness of complex and distributed systems by monitoring their executions. Domain Specific Modeling Languages are a technique used for specifying such systems in an abstract way, but still close to the solution domain. This paper aims at integrating runtime verification and domain specific modeling into the development process of complex systems. Such integration is achieved by linking the elements of the system model with the atomic propositions of the temporal correctness properties used to specify monitors. We provide a unified approach used for both the code generation and the simulation of the system through instance model transformations. This unification allows to check correctness properties on different abstraction levels of the modeled system.

关键词： Specification languages

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Meta-Level Reuse for Mastering Domain Specialization

Meta-Level Reuse for Mastering Domain Specialization

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7th International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation (ISoLA)

作者： Naujokat, Stefan Neubauer, Johannes Margaria, Tiziana Steffen, Bernhard TU Dortmund Univ Chair Programming Syst Dortmund Germany Univ Limerick & Lero Irish Software Res Ctr Chair Software Syst Limerick Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9783319471693;9783319471686

We reflect on the distinction between modeling and programming in terms of WHAT and HOW and emphasize the importance of perspectives: what is a model ( a WHAT) for the one, may well be a program ( a HOW) for the other. In fact, attempts to pinpoint technical criteria like executability or abstraction for clearly separating modeling from programming seem not to survive modern technical developments. Rather, the underlying conceptual cores continuously converge. What remains is the distinction of WHAT and HOW separating true purpose from its realization, i.e. providing the possibility of formulating the primary intent without being forced to over-specify. We argue that no unified general-purpose language can adequately support this distinction in general, and propose a meta-level framework for mastering the wealth of required domain-specific languages in a bootstrapping fashion.

关键词： Simplicity Abstract tool specification Full code generation Metamodeling Domain-specific tools Hierarchy Service-orientation Modularity

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On multi-language software development, cross-language links and accompanying tools: a survey of professional software developers

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Journal of software Engineering Research and Development 2017年第1期5卷 1-33页

作者： Philip Mayer Michael Kirsch Minh Anh Le Programming & Software Engineering Group Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München München Germany Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München München Germany

Non-trivial software systems are written using multiple (programming) languages, which are connected by cross-language links. The existence of such links may lead to various problems during software development. There is little empirical evidence on the incidence of these problems and the experiences of professional developers in this field. We want to provide empirical evidence on multi-language software development, cross-language linking, and tool support in industry, including the views of professional developers on benefits and problems in these areas. We conducted a survey study to gather responses from 139 professional software developers. Respondents reported an average of 7 languages and 3 linked language pairs per project. Respondents saw benefits of multi-language development for the motivation of developers and the translation of requirements, but problems in understandability and changeability. Over 90% of respondents reported problems related to cross-language linking. Developers universally agree on the usefulness of tool support. Multi-language programming and cross-language linking seem common but lead to several problems. We suggest that future practical as well as research efforts focus on these issues by creating appropriate tool support and by developing better techniques for cross-language linking for improved changeability and understandability.

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High-performance conjugate gradient performance improvement on the K computer

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS 2016年第1期30卷 55-70页

作者： Kumahata, Kiyoshi Minami, Kazuo Maruyama, Naoya RIKEN AICS Operat & Comp Technol Div Software Dev Team Kobe Hyogo 6500047 Japan RIKEN AICS HPC Programming Framework Res Team Kobe Hyogo 6500047 Japan

The high-performance conjugate gradient (HPCG) is new benchmark software for supercomputers that provides a more realistic performance metric than existing benchmarks, such as the LINPACK benchmark. The HPCG measures the speed of solving symmetric sparse linear system equations using the conjugate gradient method preconditioned by a multigrid symmetric Gauss-Seidel smoother. The combination of a sparse linear system and a preconditioned conjugate gradient method is widely used in many scientific and engineering computer applications. This study introduces a tuning method for the K computer. According to weak-scaling measurements on the K computer, it has good parallel scalability. Therefore, our tuning strategy focuses on single CPU performance rather than parallel performance. Single CPU performance strongly depends on memory throughput and multicore utilization. Therefore, we attempt to improve memory/cache access performance and multithreading efficiency. As a result, a HPCG score obtained with the K computer achieved second place at SC'14.

关键词： High-performance conjugate gradient performance improvement single central processing unit indirect memory access coloring blocking

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Chaotic League Championship Algorithms

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ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016年第12期41卷 5123-5147页

作者： Bingol, Harun Alatas, Bilal Bingol Univ Vocat Sch Tech Sci Dept Comp Programming TR-12000 Bingol Turkey Firat Univ Dept Software Engn TR-23100 Elazig Turkey

Classical optimization algorithms are insufficient in large-scale combinatorial problems and in nonlinear problems. Hence, heuristic optimization algorithms have been proposed. General purposed metaheuristic methods are evaluated in nine different groups: biology-based, physics-based, social-based, music-based, chemical-based, sports-based, mathematics-based, and hybrid methods which are combinations of these. Recently, a sports-based search and optimization algorithm entitled as league championship algorithm (LCA) has been proposed. LCA is a population-based, metaheuristic optimization algorithm that simulates a championship for general optimization with artificial teams and artificial league for several weeks. In this algorithm, according to the league program, a number is given to the couple of teams that will match and the result of match is determined as loser or winner. Winning or losing the game is closely related to power of teams. Teams are intended to improve the formation of the current team throughout the season to win the game in the coming weeks. Chaotic maps seem to improve the convergence speed and accuracy of optimization algorithms. Increasing global convergence speed and prevention of getting stuck on local solutions of LCA with chaos have been proposed for the first time in this study. In this paper, six different chaotic LCAs have been proposed and explained in detail. Comparative performance results have been examined in complex benchmark functions. Promising results have been obtained from the experimental results. Combining results appeared in different fields like LCA and complex dynamics can increase quality in some optimization problems and the chaos can be the wanted process.

关键词： Optimization Metaheuristic algorithms League championship algorithm Chaotic maps

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Synthesis from a Practical Perspective 7th

Synthesis from a Practical Perspective

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7th International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation (ISoLA)

作者： Joerges, Sven Lamprecht, Anna-Lena Margaria, Tiziana Naujokat, Stefan Steffen, Bernhard TU Dortmund Univ Chair Programming Syst Dortmund Germany Univ Limerick Lero Irish Software Res Ctr Limerick Ireland Univ Limerick Chair Software Syst Limerick Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9783319471662;9783319471655

Based on a very liberal understanding of synthesis as a generic term for techniques that generate programming artifacts from higher-level specifications, the paper discusses several corresponding facets from a practical perspective. The synthesis examples we consider comprise variations of code generation, model synthesis from temporal logic descriptions, and metamodel-based tool generation. Although very different, they can all be regarded as means to "factor out" predefined aspects of the envisioned product or the production environment so that developers/designers can simply focus on the remaining issues. This "factoring out" of what is pre-agreed or predefined is a primary goal of domain-specific languages design, and it is applicable to both modeling and programming languages. Leading synthesis techniques elegantly achieve this factoring by combining forms of substitution/partial evaluation to those steps that can be determined locally, as is typically the case for most parts of code generation, with (heuristic) search for those parts where more global patterns need to be matched, as is the case, e.g., for temporal-logic synthesis. The paper presents our experience with a variety of synthesis approaches and corresponding design and synthesis tools. It also discusses the synergetic potential of their combination, e.g., to control the computational complexity by reducing the underlying search space. This is, in our opinion, a viable path to achieve a fundamentally higher simplicity in IT system design.

关键词： Code generation Linear-time synthesis Metamodeling Domain-specific languages

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ALEX: Mixed-Mode Learning of Web Applications at Ease

ALEX: Mixed-Mode Learning of Web Applications at Ease

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7th International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation (ISoLA)

作者： Bainczyk, Alexander Schieweck, Alexander Isberner, Malte Margaria, Tiziana Neubauer, Johannes Steffen, Bernhard TU Dortmund Univ Chair Programming Syst Dortmund Germany Univ Limerick Lero Irish Software Res Ctr Limerick Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9783319471693;9783319471686

In this paper, we present ALEX, a web application that enables non-programmers to fully automatically infer models of web applications via active automata learning. It guides the user in setting up dedicated learning scenarios, and invites her to experiment with the available options in order to infer models at adequate levels of abstraction. In the course of this process, characteristics that go beyond a mere "site map" can be revealed, such as hidden states that are often either specifically designed or indicate errors in the application logic. Characteristic for ALEX is its support for mixed-mode learning: REST and web services can be executed simultaneously in one learning experiment, which is ideal when trying to compare back-end and front-end functionality of a web application. ALEX has been evaluated in a comparative study with 140 undergraduate students, which impressively highlighted its potential to make formal methods like active automata learning more accessible to a non-expert crowd.

关键词： Active automata learning Mixed-mode learning Specification mining Web services Web applications

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