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Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Multi-Agent Systems, EUMAS 2023

作者： Ali, Aliyu Tanko Leucker, Martin Schuldei, Andreas Stellbrink, Leonard Sachenbacher, Martin Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Ratzeburger Allee 160 Lübeck Germany Institute for Multimedia and Interactive Systems University of Lübeck Ratzeburger Allee 160 Lübeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031432637

Effective energy and mobility management benefits from multi-agent simulations (MAS) to model complex interactions among various agent types. Selecting the optimal MAS platform to implement and simulate these interactions is vital for achieving accurate results, scalability to realistic problem sizes, and efficient computational performance. This paper investigates the energy and mobility domain and identifies key parameters such as the number and complexity of agents, parallel computing power, CPU requirements etc., for developing MAS in the context of this domain. It then presents a comprehensive evaluation of various MAS development platforms. Using a multi-level selection and elimination approach, we narrowed down our evaluation to two final candidates. We then implemented key aspects of our model in both platforms to compare them in terms of practical relevance. Our findings reveal that the *** platform outperforms the Mesa platform in terms of runtime performance, has a smaller memory footprint for large numbers of agents, and offers scalability, making it the most suitable choice for developing MAS for integrated energy and mobility models. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Scalability

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An empirical study of issue-link algorithms: which issue-link algorithms should we use?

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EMPIRICAL software ENGINEERING 2022年第6期27卷 136-136页

作者： Kondo, Masanari Kashiwa, Yutaro Kamei, Yasutaka Mizuno, Osamu Kyushu Univ Principles Software Engn & Programming Languages Fukuoka Japan Kyoto Inst Technol Software Engn Lab SEL Kyoto Japan

The accuracy of the SZZ algorithm is pivotal for just-in-time defect prediction because most prior studies have used the SZZ algorithm to detect defect-inducing commits to construct and evaluate their defect prediction models. The SZZ algorithm has two phases to detect defect-inducing commits: (1) linking issue reports in an issue-tracking system to possible defect-fixing commits in a version control system by using an issue-link algorithm (ILA);and (2) tracing the modifications of defect-fixing commits back to possible defect-inducing commits. Researchers and practitioners can address the second phase by using existing solutions such as a tool called cregit. In contrast, although various ILAs have been proposed for the first phase, no large-scale studies exist in which such ILAs are evaluated under the same experimental conditions. Hence, we still have no conclusions regarding the best-performing ILA for the first phase. In this paper, we compare 10 ILAs collected from our systematic literature study with regards to the accuracy of detecting defect-fixing commits. In addition, we compare the defect prediction performance of ILAs and their combinations that can detect defect-fixing commits accurately. We conducted experiments on five open-source software projects. We found that all ILAs and their combinations prevented the defect prediction model from being affected by missing defect-fixing commits. In particular, the combination of a natural language text similarity approach, Phantom heuristics, a random forest approach, and a support vector machine approach is the best way to statistically significantly reduced the absolute differences from the ground-truth defect prediction performance. We summarized the guidelines to use ILAs as our recommendations.

关键词： Issue-link algorithms SZZ Just-in-time defect prediction Issue reports Commits

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Runtime verification of real-time event streams under non-synchronized arrival

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software QUALITY JOURNAL 2020年第2期28卷 745-787页

作者： Leucker, Martin Sanchez, Cesar Scheffel, Torben Schmitz, Malte Schramm, Alexander Univ Lubeck Inst Software Engn & Programming Languages Lubeck Germany IMDEA Software Inst Madrid Spain

We study the problem of online runtime verification of real-time event streams. Our monitors can observe concurrent systems with a shared clock, but where each component reports observations as signals that arrive to the monitor at different speeds and with different and varying latencies. We start from specifications in a fragment of the TeSSLa specification language, where streams (including inputs and final verdicts) are not restricted to be Booleans but can be data from richer domains, including integers and reals with arithmetic operations and aggregations. Specifications can be used both for checking logical properties and for computing statistics and general numeric temporal metrics (and properties on these richer metrics). We present an online evaluation algorithm for the specification language and a concurrent implementation of the evaluation algorithm. The algorithm can tolerate and exploit the asynchronous arrival of events without synchronizing the inputs. Then, we introduce a theory of asynchronous transducers and show a formal proof of the correctness such that every possible run of the monitor implements the semantics. Finally, we report an empirical evaluation of a highly concurrent Erlang implementation of the monitoring algorithm.

关键词： Stream runtime verification Monitoring Real-time event streams Formal methods Parallel event processing

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Realizing Scenario-Based Verification Tests of Automated Vehicles With an Ai-Controlled Surrounding Vehicle in a Practice-Relevant Context

Realizing Scenario-Based Verification Tests of Automated Veh...

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International Conference on Intelligent Transportation

作者： Felix Beringhoff Joel Greenyer Christian Roesener Matthias Tichy Volkswagen AG Wolfsburg Germany FHDW Hannover Hannover Germany Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331505929

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505936

Scenario-based testing is seen as a key for the verification and validation of automated vehicles (AV). In a test scenario, the AV is tested under pre-defined traffic conditions. However, realizing those traffic conditions is challenging due to the autonomously behaving AV. The AV decides on its own, whether it gets into the test scenario conditions at all, e.g., by deciding on which lane it wants to drive or at which velocity it is driving. In order to influence the AV's decision making in a required way to realize a test scenario condition, we implement a novel AI method for controlling a surrounding vehicle (SV) of the AV. The AI-controlled SV (AISV) consists of a reinforcement learning (RL) agent which is trained to, e.g., nudge the AV into changing lanes. In contrast to current common practice, this approach does not require the manual tailoring of triggers and actions for controlling the SV. In this paper, we report on a working design of the RL framework and experiments regarding three different training scopes for the RL agent. We distinguish specialized agents which are trained to reach a single scenario condition and two sorts of generalized agents which shall be capable of reaching a set of scenario conditions. The results show that specialized agents perform the best with a success rate of up to 100 %. However, the generalized agents perform better in realizing scenario conditions which are not known to the agent from training. We also report on an implementation of the approach in a hardware-in-the-loop-simulation (HIL) test bench used in industrial practice and discuss a first try-out.

关键词： Training Symbiosis Roads XML Prototypes Reinforcement learning Manuals Artificial intelligence Intelligent transportation systems Testing

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Claimed advantages and disadvantages of (dedicated) model transformation languages: a systematic literature review

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software AND SYSTEMS MODELING 2021年第2期20卷 469-503页

作者： Goetz, Stefan Tichy, Matthias Groner, Raffaela Ulm Univ D-89081 Ulm Germany Ulm Univ Software Engn D-80901 Ulm Germany Ulm Univ Inst Software Engn & Programming Languages D-80901 Ulm Germany Ulm Univ D-80901 Ulm Germany

There exists a plethora of claims about the advantages and disadvantages of model transformation languages compared to general-purpose programming languages. With this work, we aim to create an overview over these claims in the literature and systematize evidence thereof. For this purpose, we conducted a systematic literature review by following a systematic process for searching and selecting relevant publications and extracting data. We selected a total of 58 publications, categorized claims about model transformation languages into 14 separate groups and conceived a representation to track claims and evidence through the literature. From our results, we conclude that: (i) the current literature claims many advantages of model transformation languages but also points towards certain deficits and (ii) there is insufficient evidence for claimed advantages and disadvantages and (iii) there is a lack of research interest into the verification of claims.

关键词： Model transformation language DSL Model transformation MDSE Advantages Disadvantages

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UVLHub: A feature model data repository using UVL and open science principles

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND software 2024年 216卷

作者： Romero-Organvidez, David Galindo, Jose A. Sundermann, Chico Horcas, Jose-Miguel Benavides, David Univ Seville Dept Comp Languages & Syst Seville Spain Ulm Univ Inst Software Engn & Programming Languages Ulm Germany Univ Malaga ITIS Software Malaga Spain Univ Seville Res Inst I3US Seville Spain

Feature models are the de facto standard for modelling variabilities and commonalities in features and relationships in software product lines. They are the base artefacts in many engineering activities, such as product configuration, derivation, or testing. Concrete models in different domains exist;however, many are in private or sparse repositories or belong to discontinued projects. The dispersion of knowledge of feature models hinders the study and reuse of these artefacts in different studies. The Universal Variability Language (UVL) is a community effort textual feature model language that promotes a common way of serializing feature models independently of concrete tools. Open science principles promote transparency, accessibility, and collaboration in scientific research. Although some attempts exist to promote feature model sharing, the existing solutions lack open science principles by design. In addition, existing and public feature models are described using formats not always supported by current tools. This paper presents ***, a repository of feature models in UVL format. *** provides a front end that facilitates the search, upload, storage, and management of feature model datasets, improving the capabilities of discontinued proposals. Furthermore, the tool communicates with Zenodo - one of the most well-known open science repositories - providing a permanent save of datasets and following open science principles. *** includes existing datasets and is readily available to include new data and functionalities in the future. It is maintained by three active universities in variability modelling.

关键词： Feature models software product line Variability Dataset Uvl

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Foundations for Entailment Checking in Quantitative Separation Logic 1

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31st European Symposium on programming (ESOP) Held as Part of the 25th European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of software (ETAPS)

作者： Batz, Kevin Fesefeldt, Ira Jansen, Marvin Katoen, Joost-Pieter Kessler, Florian Matheja, Christoph Noll, Thomas Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Software Modeling & Verificat Grp Aachen Germany Swiss Fed Inst Technol Programming Methodol Grp Zurich Switzerland Tech Univ Denmark Lyngby Denmark

ISBN: (数字)9783030993368

ISBN: (纸本)9783030993368;9783030993351

Quantitative separation logic (QSL) is an extension of separation logic (SL) for the verification of probabilistic pointer programs. In QSL, formulae evaluate to real numbers instead of truth values, e.g., the probability of memory-safe termination in a given symbolic heap. As with SL, one of the key problems when reasoning with QSL is entailment : does a formula f entail another formula g? We give a generic reduction from entailment checking in QSL to entailment checking in SL. This allows to leverage the large body of SL research for the automated verification of probabilistic pointer programs. We analyze the complexity of our approach and demonstrate its applicability. In particular, we obtain the first decidability results for the verification of such programs by applying our reduction to a quantitative extension of the well-known symbolic-heap fragment of separation logic.

关键词： Separation

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Systematic review of computational techniques, dataset utilization, and feature extraction in electrocardiographic imaging

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MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING 2025年第5期63卷 1289-1317页

作者： Mayorca-Torres, Dagoberto Leon-Salas, Alejandro J. Peluffo-Ordonez, Diego H. Univ Granada Dept Software Syst & Programming Languages C Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda S-N Granada 18071 Spain Univ Mariana Fac Engn Cl 18 34-104 Pasto 52001 Colombia Corp Univ Autonoma Narino Fac Engn Pasto 520001 Colombia Mohammed VI Polytech Univ Coll Comp Lot 660 Ben Guerir 43150 Morocco SDAS Res Grp Ben Guerir 43150 Morocco

This study aimed to analyze computational techniques in ECG imaging (ECGI) reconstruction, focusing on dataset identification, problem-solving, and feature extraction. We employed a PRISMA approach to review studies from Scopus and Web of Science, applying Cochrane principles to assess risk of bias. The selection was limited to English peer-reviewed papers published from 2010 to 2023, excluding studies that lacked computational technique descriptions. From 99 reviewed papers, trends show a preference for traditional methods like the boundary element and Tikhonov methods, alongside a rising use of advanced technologies including hybrid techniques and deep learning. These advancements have enhanced cardiac diagnosis and treatment precision. Our findings underscore the need for robust data utilization and innovative computational integration in ECGI, highlighting promising areas for future research and advances. This shift toward tailored cardiac care suggests significant progress in diagnostic and treatment methods.

关键词： ECG imaging Systematic review Regularization methods Computational techniques

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Aerodynamic Analysis of Delta Wing Aircraft and Effect of the Propeller Using OpenFOAM

Aerodynamic Analysis of Delta Wing Aircraft and Effect of th...

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Ivannikov ISPRAS Open Conference (ISPRAS)

作者： Ruslan Mkoyan Daria Romanova Sevak Sargsyan Andrey Epikhin Center of advanced software technologies Russian-Armenian University Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Yerevan Armenia Lomonosov MSU Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Moscow Russia Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Moscow Russia

This paper presents a calculation of the aerodynamic characteristics of the ZOHD Alpha Strike UAV model, designed with a delta wing. The focus of the study is the overall layout of the aircraft and the influence of the propeller on its aerodynamic characteristics. The computational fluid dynamics tool OpenFOAM is used as an effective method to solve the complex aerodynamic problems inherent in this UAV model. Research is carried out in an incompressible flow, due to the low speeds inherent in such aircraft. A numerical methodology is proposed for quick evaluation of the aerodynamic performances of UAV models with a propeller. A simple dynamic model and flight data are presented. The calculation results are verified using a flight experiment.

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Runtime Verification of Autonomous Systems Utilizing Digital Twins as a Service 5

Runtime Verification of Autonomous Systems Utilizing Digital...

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5th IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems Companion, ACSOS-C 2024

作者： Kristensen, Morten Haahr Bonizzi, Alberto Gomes, Claudio Hansen, Simon Thrane Isasa, Carlos Iven, Hannes Kamburjan, Eduard Larsen, Peter Gorm Leucker, Martin Talasila, Prasad Tang, Valdemar Trojgard Tonetta, Stefano Vosteen, Lars B. Wright, Thomas Aarhus University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Denmark Fondazione Bruno Kessler Italy University of Luxembourg Interdisciplinary Centre for Security Reliability and Trust Luxembourg Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages Universität zu Lübeck Germany University of Oslo Department of Informatics Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389760

Autonomous Systems (AS) enable systems to adapt to drastic and unprecedented environmental changes, a capability that can be enhanced through the utilization of Digital Twins (DTs). However, the additional capabilities of AS come at the cost of explainability, as the expanding adaptation space complicates the reasoning about the system's behavior. For certain types of systems, it is crucial to ensure that specific properties are upheld despite the system's autonomous behavior. To facilitate the monitoring of these properties, we propose the use of Runtime Verification (RV). This tutorial demonstrates the integration of RV tools into the Digital Twins as a Service (DTaaS) platform to monitor and verify the behavior of AS in real-time. By exploring various methods to incorporate RV tools within a DT context, the tutorial aims to advance the application of RV technologies in autonomic computing and self-adaptive system design. Specifically, we demonstrate how the behavior of a self-configuring DT can be verified utilizing RV. This is accomplished through the DTaaS platform, which supports seamless deployment of DT-based AS. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Adaptive systems

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