A large number of bug reports are created during the evolution of a software system. Locating the source code files that need to be changed in order to fix these bugs is a challenging task. Information retrieval-based...
A large number of bug reports are created during the evolution of a software system. Locating the source code files that need to be changed in order to fix these bugs is a challenging task. Information retrieval-based bug localization techniques do so by correlating bug reports with historical information about the source code (e.g., previously resolved bug reports, commit logs). These techniques have shown to be efficient and easy to use. However, one flaw that is nearly omnipresent in all these techniques is that they ignore code refactorings. Code refactorings are common during software system evolution, but from the perspective of typical version control systems, they break the code history. For example, a class when renamed then appears as two separate classes with separate histories. Obviously, this is a problem that affects any technique that leverages code history. This paper proposes a refactoring-aware traceability model to keep track of the code evolution history. With this model, we reconstruct the code history by analyzing the impact of code refactorings to correctly stitch together what would otherwise be a fragmented history. To demonstrate that a refactoring aware history is indeed beneficial, we investigated three widely adopted bug localization techniques that make use of code history, which are important components in existing approaches. Our evaluation on 11 open source projects shows that taking code refactorings into account significantly improves the results of these bug localization techniques without significant changes to the techniques themselves. The more refactorings are used in a project, the stronger the benefit we observed. Based on our findings, we believe that much of the state of the art leveraging code history should benefit from our work.
Bug localization is the task of recommending source code locations (typically files) that probably contain the cause of a bug and hence need to be changed to fix the bug. Along these lines, information retrieval-based...
Bug localization is the task of recommending source code locations (typically files) that probably contain the cause of a bug and hence need to be changed to fix the bug. Along these lines, information retrieval-based bug localization (IRBL) approaches have been adopted, which identify the most bug-prone files from the source code space. In current practice, a series of state-of-the-art IRBL techniques leverage the combination of different components, e.g., similar reports, version history, code structure, to achieve better performance. ABLoTS is a recently proposed approach with the core component, TraceScore, that utilizes requirements and traceability information between different issue reports, i.e., feature requests and bug reports, to identify buggy source code snippets with promising results. To evaluate the accuracy of these results and obtain additional insights into the practical applicability of ABLoTS, supporting of future more efficient and rapid replication and comparison, we conducted a replication study of this approach with the original data set and also on an extended data set. The extended data set includes 16 more projects comprising 25,893 bug reports and corresponding source code commits. While we find that the TraceScore component as the core of ABLoTS produces comparable results with the extended data set, we also find that the ABLoTS approach no longer achieves promising results, due to an overlooked side effect of incorrectly choosing a cut-off date that led to training data leaking into test data with significant effects on performance.
Diabetes Mellitus has no permanent cure to date and is one of the leading causes of death globally. The alarming increase in diabetes calls for the need to take precautionary measures to avoid/predict the occurrence o...
详细信息
Digital twins have a major potential to form a significant part of urban management in emergency planning, as they allow more efficient designing of the escape routes, better orientation in exceptional situations, and...
详细信息
Existing prompt learning methods have shown certain capabilities in Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, but the lack of OOD images in the target dataset in their training can lead to mismatches between OOD images and...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9798350353006
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350353013
Existing prompt learning methods have shown certain capabilities in Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, but the lack of OOD images in the target dataset in their training can lead to mismatches between OOD images and In-Distribution (ID) categories, resulting in a high false positive rate. To address this issue, we introduce a novel OOD detection method, named ‘NegPrompt’, to learn a set of negative prompts, each representing a negative connotation of a given class label, for delineating the boundaries between ID and OOD images. It learns such negative prompts with ID data only, without any reliance on external out-lier data. Further, current methods assume the availability of samples of all ID classes, rendering them ineffective in open-vocabulary learning scenarios where the inference stage can contain novel ID classes not present during training. In contrast, our learned negative prompts are transferable to novel class labels. Experiments on various ImageNet benchmarks show that NegPrompt surpasses state-of-the-art prompt-learning-based OOD detection methods and maintains a consistent lead in hard OOD detection in closed- and open-vocabulary classification scenarios. Code is available at https://***/mala-lab/negprompt.
Minimizing energy consumption is critical for the long-range (LoRa) Internet of Things (IoT) networks, to extend the battery lifetime of end devices (EDs) while reducing the maintenance cost. To overcome the excessive...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9798350368369
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350368376
Minimizing energy consumption is critical for the long-range (LoRa) Internet of Things (IoT) networks, to extend the battery lifetime of end devices (EDs) while reducing the maintenance cost. To overcome the excessive computational complexity required by the traditional optimization methods, learning approaches such as deep neural network (DNN) and reinforcement learning (RL) have been researched in wireless networks, where star topologies are widely employed. In contrast, LoRa usually deploys relays to assist the connection between the EDs and the gateway (GW), leading to a much more complex network topology. Consequently, DNN and RL would become less effective in LoRa, since those methods are difficult to learn the complex network topology constructed by LoRa. In this paper, we propose a learning method based on graph neural network (GNN), which is known for its prominent ability to capture and represent intricate graph-structural dependencies, to tackle the energy optimization problem for relay-assisted LoRa. Specifically, the multi-hop LoRa network is modeled as a directed graph, with channel state information (CSI) defined as node features, while the spreading factor and transmission power are deemed labels. A hierarchical message aggregation mechanism is proposed to effectively capture the multi-hop structural dependencies, followed by the process of inductive learning. Results show that against conventional optimization algorithms, the proposed method can achieve near-optimal energy consumption with a gap of 10% to 16%, while reducing the runtime by about six orders of magnitude. Compared to DNN, the GNN-based model can provide an energy saving of up to 32%, at a similar level of inference time.
Reusing ROS components, specifically ROS Nodes, is crucial for improving the efficiency and quality of robotic software development. However, developers face challenges in finding the desired ROS Nodes for reuse due t...
Reusing ROS components, specifically ROS Nodes, is crucial for improving the efficiency and quality of robotic software development. However, developers face challenges in finding the desired ROS Nodes for reuse due to scattered organization of ROS Nodes and the ambiguity in their ROS Node name. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a MUlti-feature SEmantic fusion method (MUSE) that leverages a domain-specific ROS knowledge graph for searching ROS Nodes. Firstly, a large dataset is constructed, comprising code files and textual descriptions related to ROS Nodes obtained from GitHub and ROS Wiki. Secondly, an in-depth analysis of user queries regarding the reuse of ROS Nodes is conducted, leading to the selection of multiple features that provide a comprehensive representation of ROS Node semantics, including Function, Hardware, Input, and Output. Subsequently, a knowledge graph of ROS Nodes is developed based on the dataset, incorporating the selected features. This knowledge graph effectively organizes scattered knowledge and resolves the issue of diverse mentions through entity disambiguation and resolution. To eliminate the semantic gap between the descriptions of features mentioned in user queries and the entities in the knowledge graph, a pretrained transformer-based model was used to measure the multi-feature semantic similarity between user queries and ROS Nodes knowledge. Finally, we employ a linear regression model to integrate the multi-feature knowledge between user queries and ROS Nodes knowledge. The proposed method has shown a 20% improvement in performance on NDCG@1 compared to other ROS Node search methods. Further evaluations highlight the effectiveness of each feature incorporated in the knowledge graph, as well as the significance of each parameter within the regression model. These findings underscore the robustness of this research in optimizing the reuse of ROS Nodes and facilitating the development of robotics software.
作者：
Kaafarani, RimaIsmail, LeilaZahwe, OussamaICCS-Lab
Computer Science Department American University of Culture and Education Beirut1507 Lebanon Laboratory
School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia Laboratory
Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering College of Information Technology United Arab Emirates University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates National Water and Energy Center
United Arab Emirates University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
Blockchain technology has piqued the interest of businesses of all types, while consistently improving and adapting to business requirements. Several blockchain platforms have emerged, making it challenging to select ...
详细信息
Recently, formal verification of deep neural networks (DNNs) has garnered considerable attention, and over-approximation based methods have become popular due to their effectiveness and efficiency. However, these stra...
详细信息
Existing prompt learning methods have shown certain capabilities in Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, but the lack of OOD images in the target dataset in their training can lead to mismatches between OOD images and...
详细信息
暂无评论