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Automatically detecting and visualising errors in UML diagrams

Requirements engineering 2002年第4期7卷 264-287页

作者： Campbell, Laura A. Cheng, Betty H. C. McUmber, William E. Stirewalt, R.E.K. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI United States Software Engineering and Network Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 United States

UML has become the de facto standard for object-oriented modelling. Currently, UML comprises several different notations with no formal semantics attached to the individual diagrams or their integration, thus preventing rigorous analysis of the diagrams. Previously, we developed a formalisation framework that attaches formal semantics to a subset of UML diagrams used to model embedded systems. This paper describes automated structural and behavioural analyses applicable to UML diagrams using our formalisation framework. In addition to intra- and inter-diagram consistency checks, we discuss how simulation and model checking can be used in tandem for behavioural analysis of the UML diagrams. Our tools also visually interpret the analysis results in terms of the original UML diagrams, thereby facilitating their correction and refinement. We illustrate these capabilities through the modelling and analysis of UML diagrams for an automotive industrial case study. © 2002 Springer-Verlag London Limited.

关键词： Formal specifications Model checking Simulation UML

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Federated Collaborative Graph Neural Networks for Few-shot Graph Classification

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第6期21卷 1077-1091页

作者： Yu Xie Yanfeng Liang Chao Wen A.K.Qin Maoguo Gong School of Computer and Information Technology Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan030000China Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems of Ministry of Education Xidian UniversityXi’an710071China Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Swinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne3000Australia

Graph neural networks(GNNs)have achieved state-of-the-art performance on graph classification tasks,which aim to pre-dict the class labels of entire graphs and have widespread ***,existing GNN based methods for graph classification are data-hungry and ignore the fact that labeling graph examples is extremely expensive due to the intrinsic *** import-antly,real-world graph data are often scattered in different *** by these observations,this article presents federated collaborative graph neural networks for few-shot graph classification,termed *** its owned graph examples,each client first trains two branches to collaboratively characterize each graph from different views and obtains a high-quality local few-shot graph learn-ing model that can generalize to novel categories not seen while *** each branch,initial graph embeddings are extracted by any GNN and the relation information among graph examples is incorporated to produce refined graph representations via relation aggrega-tion layers for few-shot graph classification,which can reduce over-fitting while learning with scarce labeled graph ***,multiple clients owning graph data unitedly train the few-shot graph classification models with better generalization ability and effect-ively tackle the graph data island *** experimental results on few-shot graph classification benchmarks demonstrate the ef-fectiveness and superiority of our proposed framework.

关键词： Graph neural networks federated learning collaborative learning few-shot learning graph classification

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Revisiting strategies for ordering class integration testing in the presence of dependency cycles

Revisiting strategies for ordering class integration testing...

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12th International Symposium on software Reliability engineering

作者： Briand, Lionel C. Labiche, Yvan Wang, Yihong Software Quality Eng. Laboratory Carleton University Systems and Computer Engineering 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ont. K1S 5B6 Canada

The issue of ordering class integration in the context of integration testing has been discussed by a number of researchers. More specifically, strategies have been proposed to generate a test order while minimizing stubbing. Recent papers have addressed the problem of deriving an integration order in the presence of dependency cycles in the class diagram. Such dependencies represent a practical problem as they make any topological ordering of classes impossible. This paper proposes a strategy that integrates two existing methods aimed at "breaking" cycles so as to allow a topological order of classes. The first one was proposed by Tai et al and is based on assigning a higher-level order according to aggregation and inheritance relationships and a lower-level order according to associations. The second one was proposed by Le Traon et al and is based on identifying strongly connected components in the dependency graph. Among other things, the former approach may result into unnecessary stubbing whereas the latter may lead to breaking cycles by "removing" aggregation or inheritance dependencies, thus leading to complex stubbing. We propose here an approach that combines some of the principles of both approaches and addresses some of their shortcomings. All approaches (principles, benefits, drawbacks) are thoroughly compared by the means of a case study, based on a real system written in Java.

关键词： software engineering

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Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm to Support Class Responsibility Assignment

Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm to Support Class Responsib...

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International Conference on software Maintenance (ICSM)

作者： Michael Bowman Lionel C. Briand Yvan Labiche Software Quality Engineering Laboratory Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa ONT Canada

Class responsibility assignment is not an easy skill to acquire. Though there are many methodologies for assigning responsibilities to classes, they all rely on human judgment and decision making. Our objective is to provide decision-making help to re-assign methods and attributes to classes in a class diagram. Our solution is based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) and uses class coupling and cohesion measurement. Our MOGA takes as input a class diagram to be optimized and suggests possible improvements to it. The choice of a MOGA stems from the fact that there are typically many evaluation criteria that cannot be easily combined into one objective, and several alternative solutions are acceptable for a given OO domain model. This article presents our approach in detail, our decisions regarding the multi-objective genetic algorithm, and reports on a case study. Our results suggest that the MOGA can help correct suboptimal class responsibility assignment decisions.

关键词： Genetic algorithms Object oriented modeling Decision making Context modeling Unified modeling language Genetic engineering Humans software quality Laboratories systems engineering and theory

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HDTCNet: A hybrid-dimensional convolutional network for multivariate time series classification

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Pattern Recognition 2025年 168卷

作者： Yongli Gu Xiang Yan Hanlin Qin Naveed Akhtar Shuai Yuan Honghao Fu Shuowen Yang Ajmal Mian School of Optoelectronic Engineering Xidian University Xi’an 710071 China Xi’an Key Laboratory of Infrared Technology and System Xi’an 710071 China School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3052 Australia School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore School of Computer Science and Software Engineering The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia

Currently, transformer-based models dominate time series classification due to their ability to capture global data dependencies. However, their large memory footprint and high computational demands make them less desirable for long multivariate time series modeling. At the same time, convolution-based models promise a desirable performance versus efficiency trade-off for the task. Nevertheless, the popularity of transformer models has impeded exploration of sophisticated convolution-based modeling for time series classification. In this work, we introduce a novel convolution-based model, called HDTCNet, that alternates between 1D and 2D convolutional modes to capture temporal pattern correlations between intra- and inter-sensor variations. We develop a Wavelet Time Convolution block to expand the effective receptive field of the underlying neural model with a small convolutional kernel that embeds a set of 1D convolution operators between a cascade of wavelet decomposition and reconstruction of the input time series. To efficiently represent the local features of multivariate time series, we devise a hierarchical difference convolution network to capture intra- and inter-sensor gradient variations. To refine the feature representation of sensor-level time series and achieve multi-view self-enhancement, we design a self-enhancing module. These innovations enable HDTCNet to achieve superior performance while maintaining efficiency as a purely convolutional model. Experimental results demonstrate that HDTCNet achieves 2.1% accuracy and 1% F1-score performance improvements over state-of-the-art methods on 25 UEA classification datasets and 3 anomaly detection datasets, respectively, while reducing parameter counts by two orders of magnitude. Our code will be available at https://***/Guuuli/HDTCNet .

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On the Round Trip Path Testing Strategy

On the Round Trip Path Testing Strategy

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International Symposium on software Reliability engineering (ISSRE)

作者： May Khalil Yvan Labiche Department Systems and Computer Engineering Software Quality Engineering Laboratory Carleton University Ottawa ONT Canada

A number of techniques have been proposed for state-based testing. One well-known technique (criterion) is to traverse the graph representing the state machine and generate a so-called transition tree, in an attempt to exercise round trip paths, i.e., paths that start and end in the same state without any other repeating state. Several hypotheses are made when one uses this criterion: exercising paths in the tree, which do not always trigger complete round trip paths, is equivalent to covering round-trip paths; different traversal algorithms are equivalent. In this paper we investigate whether these assumptions hold in practice, and if they do not, we investigate their consequences. Results also lead us to propose a new transition tree construction algorithm that results in higher efficiency and lower cost.

关键词： Testing Discrete Fourier transforms Unified modeling language Fault detection Real time systems Size measurement Concrete

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A comprehensive and systematic methodology for client-server class integration testing

A comprehensive and systematic methodology for client-server...

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International Symposium on software Reliability engineering (ISSRE)

作者： L.C. Briand Y. Labiche Y. Wang Software Quality Engineering Laboratory Systems and Computer Engineering Department Carleton University Ottawa ONT Canada

This article is a first attempt towards a comprehensive, systematic methodology for class interface testing in the context of client/server relationships. The proposed approach builds on and combines existing techniques. It first consists in selecting a subset of the method sequences defined for the class testing of the client class, based on an analysis of the interactions between the client and the server methods. Coupling information is then used to determine the conditions, i.e., values for parameters and data members, under which the selected client method sequences are to be executed so as to exercise the interaction. The approach is illustrated by means of an abstract example and its cost-effectiveness is evaluated through a case study.

关键词： System testing software testing software quality Laboratories computer interfaces systems engineering and theory Drives Encapsulation Fault detection Performance evaluation

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Integrated risk analysis for a commercial computing service

Integrated risk analysis for a commercial computing service

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21st International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, IPDPS 2007

作者： Yeo, Chee Shin Buyya, Rajkumar Grid Computing and Distributed Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)1424409101

Utility computing has been anticipated to be the next generation of computing usage. Users have the freedom to easily switch to any commercial computing service to complete jobs whenever the need arises and simply pay only on usage, without any investment costs. A commercial computing service however has certain objectives or goals that it aims to achieve. In this paper, we identify three essential objectives for a commercial computing service: (i) meet SLA, (ii) maintain reliability, and (iii) earn profit. This leads to the problem of whether a resource management policy implemented in the commercial computing service is able to meet the required objectives or not. So, we also develop two evaluation methods that are simple and intuitive: (i) separate and (ii) integrated risk analysis to analyze the effectiveness of resource management policies in achieving the required objectives. Evaluation results based on five policies successfully demonstrate the applicability of separate and integrated risk analysis to assess policies in terms of the required objectives. © 2007 IEEE.

关键词： Utility programs

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Automating impact analysis and regression test selection based on UML designs

Automating impact analysis and regression test selection bas...

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International Conference on software Maintenance (ICSM)

作者： L.C. Briand Y. Labiche G. Soccar Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Software Quality Engineering Laboratory Carleton University Ottawa ONT Canada

We present a methodology and a tool to support test selection from regression test suites based on change analysis in object-oriented designs. We assume that designs are represented using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and we propose a formal mapping between design changes and a classification of regression test cases, i.e., three categories: reusable, retestable, and obsolete. We provide evidence of the feasibility of the methodology and its usefulness by using our prototype tool on an industrial case study.

关键词： Automatic testing Unified modeling language System testing software testing Costs Design engineering software quality Laboratories systems engineering and theory Drives

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Exploiting software architecture to support requirements satisfaction testing

Exploiting software architecture to support requirements sat...

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19th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on Foundations of software engineering, SIGSOFT/FSE'11

作者： Clements, Paul Escalona, María J. Inverardi, Paola Malavolta, Ivano Marchetti, Eda Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University United States Department of Languages and Computer Systems University of Sevilla Spain Department of Computer Science University of Aquila Italy Software Engineering Laboratory ISTI-CNR Pisa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781450304436

Currently, software testing is mainly carried on independently from software architecture-related information. Some approaches propose to perform integration and regression testing with respect to software architecture descriptions, but less attention has been paid to analysing software architecture in order to develop a less costly and time-consuming test plan that covers the requirements of the system of interest. If on one side, it is well known that providing an effective test plan is crucial to software quality, on the other side software testing is extremely difficult because it stems from the complexity of current software systems. In this paper we (i) elaborate on how a new architectural analysis can help in producing better test plans and (ii) identify a set of corresponding research challenges. We believe that considering and analysing architectural information for requirements satisfaction testing purposes will provide substantial benefits in terms of test plan specification process, test plan effectiveness, and test cases understandability. © 2011 ACM.

关键词： software architecture

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