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10th Asia-Pacific Conference on Conceptual Modelling APCCM 2014

作者： Ghose, Aditya Santiputri, Metta Saraswati, Ayu Dam, Hoa Khanh Decision Systems Laboratory School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Wollongong NSW2522 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781921770364

Requirements acquisition is widely recognized as a hard problem, requiring signicant investments in time and effort. Given the availability of large vol- umes of data and of relatively cheap instrumentation for data acquisition, this paper explores the prospect of data-driven model extraction in the context of i* models. The paper presents techniques for extracting dependencies from message logs, and for extracting task-dependency correlations from process logs. © 2014, Australian computer Society, Inc.

关键词： Data acquisition

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Standalone DC Level-1 EV Charging using PV/Grid Infrastructure, MPPT Algorithm and CHAdeMO Protocol

Standalone DC Level-1 EV Charging using PV/Grid Infrastructu...

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Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Vamsi Krishna Pathipati Najath Abdul Azeez Sheldon S. Williamson Smart Transportation Electrification and Energy Research (STEER) Group Advanced Storage Systems and Electric Transportation (ASSET) Laboratory UOIT-Automotive Center of Excellence (UOIT-ACE) Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineerin g Smart Transportation Electrification and Energy Research (STEER) Group Advanced Storage Systems and Electric Transportation (ASSET) Laboratory UOIT-Automotive Center of Excellence (UOIT-ACE) Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering

ISBN: (纸本)9781479917631

This paper presents an approach of DC level 1 charging of an electric vehicle (EV) or plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) making use of standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) system. In this approach it is proposed to use the DC power generated by solar panels to directly charge EV traction battery pack using solar MPPT controller algorithm and CHAdeMO DC fast charging protocol. A supervisory control algorithm is developed to handle the standalone solar conditions. With the proposed solution, any EV users with CHAdeMO DC fast charging port can charge their vehicle. An example of commercially available EV 'Nissan Leaf' is considered for explaining the solution with 1 kW solar PV system. An average daily commuter distance is considered along with the survey data of different demographic solar energy harvesting capability. Calculations are made to prove that this solution can charge EVs off-the-grid, hence zero running cost.

关键词： Batteries Charging Energy storage systems Solar energy Power electronics Transportation CHARGING(ACCOUNTTNG) charging Electric vehicles Power electronics Solar Energy Batteries transport Cache Memory System DC power supply energy storage Energy storage systems direct current maximum power point trackers fast charging Solar collectors

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A New Single-stage High-efficiency Photovoltaic(PV)/Grid-interconnected DC Charging System for Transportation Electrification

A New Single-stage High-efficiency Photovoltaic(PV)/Grid-int...

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Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Siddhatha A. Singh Najath A. Azeez Sheldon S. Williamson Smart Transportation Electrification and Energy Research (STEER) Group Advanced Storage Systems and Electric Transportation (ASSET) Laboratory UOIT-Automotive Center of Excellence (UOIT-ACE) Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineerin g Smart Transportation Electrification and Energy Research (STEER) Group Advanced Storage Systems and Electric Transportation (ASSET) Laboratory UOIT-Automotive Center of Excellence (UOIT-ACE) Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering

ISBN: (纸本)9781479917631

In this paper, a single stage highly efficient photovoltaic grid interconnected charging infrastructure has been designed for off-board DC charging for electric vehicles. This paper starts with the design of a single phase H-bridge quasi-z-source inverter (qZSI), component design and the pulse width modulation technique used. Then it discusses the control techniques used to control the power flow from the photovoltaic to the grid. The versatile qZSI topology has been used for the battery charging system using traditional controls to connect a 2 kW solar array to the AC grid. An EV battery charger has been then designed using the highly efficient full bridge DC-DC converter employing primary side Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) using the LLC topology for a wide output voltage range. Finally, the simulated performances of the power flow have been shown with and without the EV battery charger.

关键词： Batteries Charging Dc-dc converters Electric energy storage Power electronics Resonant converters Transportation electric energy storage CHARGING(ACCOUNTTNG) charging BATTERY CHARGERS Power electronics transport Power flow Batteries DC converter DC to DC converters resonant converter DC-DC power convertors Zero voltage switching Electric vehicles fare collection system

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Analysis of Series-Parallel Resonant Inductive Coupling Circuit using the Two-port Network Theory

Analysis of Series-Parallel Resonant Inductive Coupling Circ...

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Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Kunwar Aditya Mohamed Youssef Sheldon S. Williamson Smart Transportation Electrification and Energy Research (STEER) Group Advanced Storage Systems and Electric Transportation (ASSET) Laboratory UOIT-Automotive Center of Excellence (UOIT-ACE) Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineerin g Smart Transportation Electrification and Energy Research (STEER) Group Advanced Storage Systems and Electric Transportation (ASSET) Laboratory UOIT-Automotive Center of Excellence (UOIT-ACE) Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering

ISBN: (纸本)9781479917631

In this paper thorough analysis of Series-Parallel resonant inductive coupling (SPRIC) has been presented using two-port network theory. Characteristic of SPRIC has been derived and plotted against load variation and frequency variation in MATLAB. Concept of forced resonance and natural resonance has been discussed. Important expressions such as current transfer ratio, voltage transfer ratio, maximum efficiency etc. has been derived and presented. To study the circuit behavior of the SPRIC a prototype has been built in the lab. Experimental results along with simulation results has been presented to verify the derived expression and characteristics of series-parallel topology.

关键词： Circuit theory Electric vehicles Inductive energy storage Magnetic resonance quality factor Circuit theory Electric vehicles quality factor Magnetic Resonance series-parallel inductive energy storage Resonant inductive coupling two-port networks natural resonance load changes Frequency variation

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Temperature-aware software-based self-testing for delay faults 15

Temperature-aware software-based self-testing for delay faul...

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Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition

作者： Ying Zhang Zebo Peng Jianhui Jiang Huawei Li Masamro Fujita School of Software Engineering Tongji University China Embedded Systems Lab Linköping University Sweden State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Chinese Academy of Sciences China VLSI Design and Education Center University of Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783981537048

Delay defects under high temperature have been one of the most critical factors to affect the reliability of computer systems, and the current test methods don't address this problem properly. In this paper, a temperature-aware software-based self-testing (SBST) technique is proposed to self-heat the processors within a high temperature range and effectively test delay faults under high temperature. First, it automatically generates high-quality test programs through automatic test instruction generation (ATIG), and avoids over-testing caused by nonfunctional patterns. Second, it exploits two effective powerintensive program transformations to self-heat up the processors internally. Third, it applies a greedy algorithm to search the optimized schedule of the test templates in order to generate the test program while making sure that the temperature of the processor under test is within the specified range. Experimental results show that the generated program is successful to guarantee delay test within the given temperature range, and achieves high test performance with functional patterns.

关键词： Delays Program processors Temperature distribution Power dissipation Circuit faults Schedules

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A model-driven approach to generate mobile applications for multiple platforms 21

A model-driven approach to generate mobile applications for ...

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21st Asia-Pacific software engineering Conference, APSEC 2014

作者： Usman, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Zohaib Khan, Muhammad Uzair Software Quality Engineering and Testing Laboratory National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Islamabad Pakistan SnT Centre University of Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg

ISBN: (纸本)9781479974252

Mobile application development has emerged as one of the most focused areas in software industry due to exponential growth of mobile users and applications. The focus of the current mobile industry is on direct implementation, rather than analysis and design. Model-driven engineering practices are ignored, which results in low reusability and lack of portability along with other challenges. In addition, mobile applications also have to support multiple platforms, as an application written for one platform (e.g., Android) cannot run on another platform (e.g., Windows Phone). Each of the platforms in turn suffers from fragmentation. This results in multiple versions of an application that need to be simultaneously maintained. This is a huge burden on the development team, both in terms of cost and effort, due to various platforms that an application supports. This paper proposes a model-driven approach to generate mobile applications for multiple platforms. We carefully identify a subset of UML and propose a modeling methodology for this purpose. We use real use-cases for requirement gathering, class diagram for structural modeling, while state machine are used for behavioral modeling. We focus on modeling business logic layer for the mobile application. We also propose a UML profile for modeling mobile domain specific concepts. Our approach uses Action Language for Foundational Subset of UML (ALF) to specify actions in the state machines. Our approach allows the modeler to automatically generate business logic code for multiple platforms. The approach is supported by an automated tool MAG (Mobile Application Generator). We apply our model-driven approach on an industrial case study 'Scramble' app developed by 'NextIn' to demonstrate its viability. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Reusability

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BioTIME 2.0: Expanding and Improving a Database of Biodiversity Time Series

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Global Ecology and Biogeography 2025年第5期34卷

作者： Maria Dornelas Laura H. Antão Amanda E. Bates Viviana Brambilla Jonathan M. Chase Cher F. Y. Chow Ada Fontrodona-Eslava Anne E. Magurran Inês S. Martins Faye Moyes Alban Sagouis Samuel Adu-Acheampong Daniel Acquah-Lamptey Dušan Adam Penelope A. Ajani Aitor Albaina Pablo Almaraz Jeongseop An Roger Sigismund Anderson Madelaine Jean Robertson Anderson Alexsander Z. Antunes Ivan Arismendi Linda Armbrecht Pedro Aros-Mardones Sreejith Kalpuzha Ashtamoorthy Narayanan Ayyappan Gal Badihi Joseph J. Bailey Andrew H. Baird Mark Edward Baird Sreekumar Vadakkethil Balakrishnan José António L. Barão-Nóbrega Adi Barash Miguel Barbosa Jos Barlow Claus Bässler Matthieu Beaumont Natalie Beenaerts Tiago Octavio Begot Wallace Beiroz Ricardo Beldade David M. Bell Alecia Bellgrove Jonathan Belmaker Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi Cassandra E. Benkwitt Pamela Medina-van Berkum Brandon T. Bestelmeyer Matthew G. Betts Maxwell Kelvin Billah Anne D. Bjorkman Magdalena Błażewicz Christopher P. Bloch Shane A. Blowes Antonio Bode Juliano A. Bogoni Thomas Bolger Timothy C. Bonebrake Erik Bonsdorff Roberta Bottarin Luke N. Brokensha Rob W. Brooker Andrew J. Brooks Helge Bruelheide Thiago Almeida Bueno Claire Laguionie Mariana Lopes Campagnoli James Cant Erica Pellegrini Caramaschi Alexandre Caron Tadhg Carroll Tancredi Caruso Juan Carvajal-Quintero Giuseppe Castaldelli Edward Castañeda-Moya Pedro V. Castilho Sonia Zanini Cechin Shahar Chaikin Uchangi Manjunatha Chandrashekara Tory J. Chase Chaolun Allen Chen Jorge José Cherem Sei-Woong Choi Erica M. Christensen Alexander V. Christianini Jackson Wing Four Chu Peter Coad Carl Van Colen Lise Comte Elisabeth J. Cooper J. Hans C. Cornelissen Eddy Cosson Unai Cotano Luc Crevecoeur Shannan Kyle Crow Graeme S. Cumming Vanessa S. Daga Gabriella Damasceno Gergana N. Daskalova Claire H. Davies Robert A. Davis Frank P. Day Sussy De-La-Zerda Amy Elizabeth Deacon Indradatta de Castro-Arrazola Steven Degraer Kharran Deonarinesingh Juan C. Diaz-Ricaurte Christopher R. Dickman Tara Dirilgen Ciaran John Dolan J. Emmet Centre for Biological Diversity School of Biology University of St Andrews Fife UK MARE—Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Research Centre for Ecological Change Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany Department of Computer Science Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity Department of Biology University of York York UK Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana Philipps Universität Marburg Marburg Germany Department of Forest Ecology Silva Tarouca Research Institute Brno Czech Republic School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia Zoology and Animal Cell Biology Department University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa Spain Grupo de Oceanografía de Ecosistemas Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía CSIC Campus Universitario de Puerto Real Puerto Real Spain National Institute of Ecology Seocheon Republic of Korea African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana Département de Biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada Núcleo de Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais Secretaria de Meio Ambiente Infraestrutura e Logística do Estado de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies Ecology & Biodiversity Centre University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia Graduate Program in Oceanography Department of Oceanography Faculty of Natural Scienc

Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R package (BioTIMEr) to facilitate use of the database. Main Types of Variables Included The database is composed of one main data table containing the abundance records and 11 metadata tables. The data are organised in a hierarchy of scales where 11,989,233 records are nested in 1,603,067 sample events, from 553,253 sampling locations, which are nested in 708 studies. A study is defined as a sampling methodology applied to an assemblage for a minimum of 2 years. Spatial Location and Grain Sampling locations in BioTIME are distributed across the planet, including marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Spatial grain size and extent vary across studies depending on sampling methodology. We recommend gridding of sampling locations into areas of consistent size. Time Period and Grain The earliest time series in BioTIME start in 1874, and the most recent records are from 2023. Temporal grain and duration vary across studies. We recommend doing sample-level rarefaction to ensure consistent sampling effort through time before calculating any diversity metric. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database includes any eukaryotic taxa, with a combined total of 56,400 taxa. software Format csv and. SQL.

关键词： assemblage biodiversity community database ecoinformatics species taxa time

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25th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting CNS-2016, Seogwipo City, South Korea, July 2-7, 2016 Abstracts

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BMC NEUROSCIENCE 2016年第1期17卷 1-112页

作者： [Anonymous] Computational Neurobiology Laboratory The Salk Institute for Biological Studies San Diego USA UNIC CNRS Gif sur Yvette France The European Institute for Theoretical Neuroscience (EITN) Paris France ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories Kyoto Japan Krembil Research Institute University Health Network Toronto Canada Department of Physiology University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Medicine (Neurology) University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Physics University of New Hampshire Durham USA Department of Neurophysiology Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Warsaw Poland Department of Theory Wigner Research Centre for Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary Department of Mathematical Sciences KAIST Daejoen Republic of Korea Department of Mathematics University of Houston Houston USA Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology and Institute of Biosciences and Bioengineering Rice University Houston USA Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston USA Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica Dpto. de Ingeniería Informática Escuela Politécnica Superior Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles USA Center for Neuroscience Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul South Korea Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx USA Center for Neuroscience KIST Seoul South Korea Department of Neuroscience University of Science and Technology Daejon South Korea Systems Neuroscience Group QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston Australia Department of Psychology Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Department of Psychiatry Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong Seoul South Korea Department of Psychiatry Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School Brockton USA Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkvil

A1 Functional advantages of cell-type heterogeneity in neural circuits Tatyana O. Sharpee A2 Mesoscopic modeling of propagating waves in visual cortex Alain Destexhe A3 Dynamics and biomarkers of mental disorders Mitsuo Kawato F1 Precise recruitment of spiking output at theta frequencies requires dendritic h-channels in multi-compartment models of oriens-lacunosum/moleculare hippocampal interneurons Vladislav Sekulić, Frances K. Skinner F2 Kernel methods in reconstruction of current sources from extracellular potentials for single cells and the whole brains Daniel K. Wójcik, Chaitanya Chintaluri, Dorottya Cserpán, Zoltán Somogyvári F3 The synchronized periods depend on intracellular transcriptional repression mechanisms in circadian clocks. Jae Kyoung Kim, Zachary P. Kilpatrick, Matthew R. Bennett, Kresimir Josić O1 Assessing irregularity and coordination of spiking-bursting rhythms in central pattern generators Irene Elices, David Arroyo, Rafael Levi, Francisco B. Rodriguez, Pablo Varona O2 Regulation of top-down processing by cortically-projecting parvalbumin positive neurons in basal forebrain Eunjin Hwang, Bowon Kim, Hio-Been Han, Tae Kim, James T. McKenna, Ritchie E. Brown, Robert W. McCarley, Jee Hyun Choi O3 Modeling auditory stream segregation, build-up and bistability James Rankin, Pamela Osborn Popp, John Rinzel O4 Strong competition between tonotopic neural ensembles explains pitch-related dynamics of auditory cortex evoked fields Alejandro Tabas, André Rupp, Emili Balaguer-Ballester O5 A simple model of retinal response to multi-electrode stimulation Matias I. Maturana, David B. Grayden, Shaun L. Cloherty, Tatiana Kameneva, Michael R. Ibbotson, Hamish Meffin O6 Noise correlations in V4 area correlate with behavioral performance in visual discrimination task Veronika Koren, Timm Lochmann, Valentin Dragoi, Klaus Obermayer O7 Input-location dependent gain modulation in cerebellar nucleus neurons Maria Psarrou, Maria Schilstra, Neil Davey, Benjamin Torben-Ni

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A method of recommendation the most used XML tags

A method of recommendation the most used XML tags

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5th KKU International engineering Conference 2014, KKU-IENC 2014

作者： Vacharaskunee, Sutheetutt Intakosum, Sarun Software Systems Engineering Laboratory Department of Mathematics and Computer Science King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10250 Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9783038350903

Processing of a large data set which is known for today as big data processing is still a problem that has not yet a well-defined solution. The data can be both structured and unstructured. For the structured part, eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is a major tool that freely allows document owners to describe and organize their data using their markup tags. One major problem, however, behind this freedom lies in the big data retrieving process. The same or similar information that are described using the different tags or different structures may not be retrieved if the query statements contains different keywords to the one used in the markup tags. The best way to solve this problem is to specify a standard set of the markup tags for each problem domain. The creation of such a standard set if done manually requires a lot of hard work and is a time consuming process. In addition, it may be hard to define terms that are acceptable by all people. This research proposes a model for a new technique, "XML Tag Recommendation" (XTR) that aims to solve this problem. This technique applies the idea of Case Base Reasoning (CBR) by collecting the most used tags in each domain as a case. These tags come from the collection of related words in WordNet. The WordCount that is the web site to find the frequency of words is applied to choose the most used one. The input (problem) to the XTR system is an XML document contains the tags specified by the document owners. The solution is a set of the recommended tags, which is the most used tags, for the problem domain of the document. Document owners have a freedom to change or not change the tags in their documents and can provide feedback to the XTR system. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： XML

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Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第10期8卷 e633-e651页

作者： Jahagirdar, Deepa Walters, Magdalene K. Novotney, Amanda Brewer, Edmond D. Frank, Tahvi D. Carter, Austin Biehl, Molly H. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abhilash, E.S. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Adekanmbi, Victor Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghababaei, Soodabeh Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Aleksandrova, Ekaterina A. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Almustanyir, Sami Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amu, Hubert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Arulappan, Judie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Darshan, B.B. Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana Berheto, Tezera Moshago Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bisignano, Catherine Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Boloor, Archith Boltaev, Azizbek A. Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Butt, Zahid A. Cao, Chao Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Cowden, Richard G. Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi das Neves, José Degenhardt, Louisa Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu Deuba, Keshab Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dorostkar, Fariba Edinur, Hisham Atan Effiong, Andem Eftekharzadeh, Sahar El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Elayedath, Rajesh Elhadi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeones Columbia University Medical Center New York NY United States Division of Data Analytics and Delivery for Impact WHO Geneva Switzerland Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Botany Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur Kozhikode India Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mass Communication Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health-Care Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Population Medicine Ca

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was

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