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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Yufei Song Ziqi Zhou Minghui Li Xianlong Wang Hangtao Zhang Menghao Deng Wei Wan Shengshan Hu Leo Yu Zhang Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Software Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Information and Communication Technology Griffith University

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

With the rapid advancement of deep learning, the model robustness has become a significant research hotspot, i.e., adversarial attacks on deep neural networks. Existing works primarily focus on image classification tasks, aiming to alter the model’s predicted labels. Due to the output complexity and deeper network architectures, research on adversarial examples for segmentation models is still limited, particularly for universal adversarial perturbations. In this paper, we propose a novel universal adversarial attack method designed for segmentation models, which includes dual feature separation and low-frequency scattering modules. The two modules guide the training of adversarial examples in the pixel and frequency space, respectively. Experiments demonstrate that our method achieves high attack success rates surpassing the state-of-the-art methods, and exhibits strong transferability across different models.

关键词： Training Image segmentation Perturbation methods Semantics Scattering Signal processing Predictive models Network architecture Robustness Speech processing

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Personalized Federated Learning with Enhanced Implicit Generalization

Personalized Federated Learning with Enhanced Implicit Gener...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Heping Liu Songbai Liu Junkai Ji Qiuzhen Lin Jianyong Chen Kay Chen Tan College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

ISBN: (数字)9798350359312

ISBN: (纸本)9798350359329

Integrating personalization into federated learning is crucial for addressing data heterogeneity and surpassing the limitations of a single aggregated model. Personalized federated learning excels at capturing inter-client similarities and meeting diverse client needs through custom-made models. However, even with personalized approaches, it’s essential to aggregate knowledge among clients to ensure universal benefits. This paper proposes Federated Dual Objectives and Dual Models (FedDodm), a novel approach that employs two independent models to separately address explicit personalization and implicit generalization objectives in personalized federated learning. By treating these objectives as distinct loss functions and training models accordingly, we achieve a balance between the two through a fusion method. Extensive experiments across various models and learning tasks demonstrate that FedDodm outperforms state-of-the-art federated learning approaches, marking a significant advancement in effectively integrating personalized and generalized knowledge.

关键词： Training Federated learning Aggregates Neural networks Data models

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Research on Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Structural Causal Model in Tennessee Eastman Process 7th

Research on Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Structural Causa...

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7th International Conference on Computing, Control and Industrial engineering, CCIE 2023

作者： Pu, Haoyuan Liu, Jie Chen, Zhi Yang, Xiaohua Ren, Changan Xu, Zhuoran Jian, Yifan School of Computer Science University of South China Hengyang China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu China Intelligent Equipment Software Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center of Hunan Hengyang China CNNC Key Laboratory on High Trusted Computing Hengyang China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South China Hengyang China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819927296

In the practical application of fault diagnosis in large-scale chemical systems, due to the danger of faults, the machine learning diagnosis methods used in current research often face the problem of scarcity of fault samples. This makes it difficult for the model to be trained effectively, thus affecting the fault detection rate of the model. Therefore, for the fault diagnosis of chemical system with small sample data, this paper proposes a diagnostic method that uses structural causal model to further combine the diagnostic results of the two machine learning methods, thereby improving global diagnostic performance. With the help of powerful system description ability of structural causal model, we can establish a causal graph for diagnostic process of the chemical system, and accurately construct the corresponding structural equations for the various diagnostic results of the two machine learning methods to combine them, thus improve the fault detection rate. The global results make up for the shortcomings of single machine learning method in small sample chemical system fault diagnosis. The verification on the chemical system simulation platform Tennessee Eastman process shows that, compared with the diagnosis results of the selected Gaussian Naive Bayes method and the K-nearest neighbour method, the results obtained by our method are effectively improved in fault detection rate of each fault in TEP. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Failure analysis

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Graph Neural Networks for Vulnerability Detection: A Counterfactual Explanation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chu, Zhaoyang Wan, Yao Li, Qian Wu, Yang Zhang, Hongyu Sui, Yulei Xu, Guandong Jin, Hai School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Electrical Engineering Computing and Mathematical Sciences Curtin University Australia School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing University China School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Australia School of Computer Science University of Technology Sydney Australia National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Vulnerability detection is crucial for ensuring the security and reliability of software systems. Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a prominent code embedding approach for vulnerability detection, owing to their ability to capture the underlying semantic structure of source code. However, GNNs face significant challenges in explainability due to their inherently black-box nature. To this end, several factual reasoning-based explainers have been proposed. These explainers provide explanations for the predictions made by GNNs by analyzing the key features that contribute to the outcomes. We argue that these factual reasoning-based explanations cannot answer critical what-if questions: "What would happen to the GNN's decision if we were to alter the code graph into alternative structures?" Inspired by advancements of counterfactual reasoning in artificial intelligence, we propose CFExplainer, a novel counterfactual explainer for GNN-based vulnerability detection. Unlike factual reasoning-based explainers, CFExplainer seeks the minimal perturbation to the input code graph that leads to a change in the prediction, thereby addressing the what-if questions for vulnerability detection. We term this perturbation a counterfactual explanation, which can pinpoint the root causes of the detected vulnerability and furnish valuable insights for developers to undertake appropriate actions for fixing the vulnerability. Extensive experiments on four GNN-based vulnerability detection models demonstrate the effectiveness of CFExplainer over existing state-of-the-art factual reasoning-based explainers. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Spatial-Temporal Graph-Based AU Relationship Learning for Facial Action Unit Detection

Spatial-Temporal Graph-Based AU Relationship Learning for Fa...

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IEEE computer Society Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

作者： Zihan Wang Siyang Song Cheng Luo Yuzhi Zhou Shiling Wu Weicheng Xie Linlin Shen Computer Vision Institute School of Computer Science & Software Engineering Shenzhen University National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of Leicester

This paper presents our Facial Action Units (AUs) detection submission to the fifth Affective Behavior Analysis in-the-wild Competition (ABAW). Our approach consists of three main modules: (i) a pre-trained facial representation encoder which produce a strong facial representation from each input face image in the input sequence; (ii) an AU-specific feature generator that specifically learns a set of AU features from each facial representation; and (iii) a spatio-temporal graph learning module that constructs a spatio-temporal graph representation. This graph representation describes AUs contained in all frames and predicts the occurrence of each AU based on both the modeled spatial information within the corresponding face and the learned temporal dynamics among frames. The experimental results show that our approach outperformed the baseline and the spatio-temporal graph representation learning allows our model to generate the best results among all ablated systems. Our model ranks at the 4th place in the AU recognition track at the 5th ABAW Competition. Our code is publicly available at https://***/wzh125/ABAW-5.

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Mudahnya BM: A Context-Aware Mobile Cloud Learning Application Using Semantic-Based Approach

Mudahnya BM: A Context-Aware Mobile Cloud Learning Applicati...

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7th International Conference on Advances in Visual Informatics, IVIC 2021

作者： Muhammad, Sufri Admodisastro, Novia Osman, Hafeez Mohd Ali, Norhayati Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Department of Software Engineering and Information System Universiti Putra Malaysia Seri Kembangan Selangor43400 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9783030902346

A great potential of various learning environment in mobile learning application can clearly be seen in current pandemic situation. The accessibility of the learning resources needs to be available from anywhere anytime despite having strong or poor internet connection. It has motivated researchers to imply context-aware capability in improving the accessibility of the learning resources. This paper presents a development process of Mudahnya BM mobile application that follows a fundamental concept of Mobile Cloud Learning (MCL). Mudahnya BM is an application to learn basic Malay language for learner 7–12 years old. The injection of extrinsic and intrinsic context-aware help the application to improve the reasoning process for finding available learning resources from service providers. Semantic-based approach is applied in the reasoning process. This study involved the end users for evaluation purposes. 33 randomized scenarios have been tested using One-Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The result shows a positive impact to the population. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Semantics

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Differential testing for machine learning: an analysis for classification algorithms beyond deep learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Herbold, Steffen Tunkel, Steffen Institute of Software and System Engineering TU Clausthal Germany Institute of Computer Science University of Goettingen Germany

Context: Differential testing is a useful approach that uses different implementations of the same algorithms and compares the results for software testing. In recent years, this approach was successfully used for test campaigns of deep learning frameworks. Objective: There is little knowledge on the application of differential testing beyond deep learning. Within this article, we want to close this gap for classification algorithms. Method: We conduct a case study using Scikit-learn, Weka, Spark MLlib, and Caret in which we identify the potential of differential testing by considering which algorithms are available in multiple frameworks, the feasibility by identifying pairs of algorithms that should exhibit the same behavior, and the effectiveness by executing tests for the identified pairs and analyzing the deviations. Results: While we found a large potential for popular algorithms, the feasibility seems limited because often it is not possible to determine configurations that are the same in other frameworks. The execution of the feasible tests revealed that there is a large amount of deviations for the scores and classes. Only a lenient approach based on statistical significance of classes does not lead to a huge amount of test failures. Conclusions: The potential of differential testing beyond deep learning seems limited for research into the quality of machine learning libraries. Practitioners may still use the approach if they have deep knowledge about implementations, especially if a coarse oracle that only considers significant differences of classes is sufficient. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： software testing

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Identify the potential pathways and candidate biomarkers of stroke associated with bipolar disorder: Bioinformatics and system biology approach

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Journal of Proteins and Proteomics 2025年第2期16卷 141-159页

作者： Hosen, Md. Faruk Basar, Md. Abul Yasmin, Mst. Farjana Hasan, Md. Rakibul Uddin, Muhammad Shahin Department of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University (MBSTU) Tangail Bangladesh Department of Computing and Information System (CIS) Daffodil International University (DIU) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) Uttara University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Software Engineering (SWE) Daffodil International University (DIU) Dhaka Bangladesh

The field of computational bioinformatics and systems biology analysis is rapidly expanding due to advancements in bioinformatics tools. Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric condition affecting both adults and adolescents. In recent years, the risk of stroke has increased among individuals with BD. Background studies indicate that BD and stroke share numerous biochemical and genetic characteristics. Due to traditional endocrinological approaches, no collaborative research exists, and no treatment options have been established for BD and stroke patients. The aim of this study is to identify common molecular pathways and potential therapeutic targets in BD and stroke that could be utilized to predict disease progression. To achieve this, shared genes were identified to determine common pathways. Based on the biochemical, molecular, and genetic interactions among these shared genes, this study identifies the most significant hub genes. To further explore these interactions, analysis such as the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, topological properties, enrichment analysis, co-expression network, gene regulatory network (GRN), and physical interaction network are conducted. The GO annotation indicates that most of the genes are linked to MAP kinase activity and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily binding. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the predominant genes are associated with apoptosis and the IL-18 signaling pathway. This comparison helps understand the biochemical and genetic characteristics shared between BD and stroke. Predictive drug analysis has identified consistent potential biomarkers associated with both conditions, providing a scientific foundation for investigating their diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Finally, chemical experiments could be conducted to further validate the efficacy of these drugs.

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The Parables of the Mustard Seed and the Yeast: Extremely Low-Budget, High-Performance Nighttime Semantic Segmentation 39

The Parables of the Mustard Seed and the Yeast: Extremely Lo...

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39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2025

作者： Wang, Shiqin Xu, Xin Chen, Haoyang Jiang, Kui Wang, Zheng School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430065 China Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-time Industrial System China National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software School of Computer Science Wuhan University China School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

Nighttime Semantic Segmentation (NSS) is essential to many cutting-edge vision applications. However, existing technologies overly rely on massive labeled data, whose annotation is time-consuming and laborious. In this paper, we pioneer a new task focusing on exploring the potential of training strategy and framework design with limited annotation to achieve high-performance NSS. Insufficient information at very low labeling budgets can easily lead to under-optimization or overfitting of the model. Our solution comprises two main components: i) a novel region-based active sampling strategy called Contextual-Aware Region Query (CARQ), which identifies highly informative target nighttime regions for labeling;and ii) an innovative Fragmentation Synergy Active Domain Adaptation framework (FS-ADA), which progressively broadcasts the limited annotation to the unlabeled regions, achieving high performance with a minimal annotation budget. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art UDA-NSS & ADA-SS methods across four day-to-nighttime benchmarks, and generalizes well to foggy, rainy, & snowy scenes. In particular only with 1% target nighttime data annotation, our method is on par with the mainstream fully-supervised methods on the BDD100K-Night val dataset. Copyright © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Budget control

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GCD-Sampling: A General Cross-scale Decoupled Sampling for Point Cloud 39

GCD-Sampling: A General Cross-scale Decoupled Sampling for P...

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39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2025

作者： Dai, Tao Wang, Yanzi Xiong, Jianyu Zha, Yaohua Xia, Shu-Tao Zhu, Zexuan College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University China Shenzhen City Key Laboratory of Embedded System Design Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

Sampling strategy (e.g., fixed farthest point sampling) of point cloud has been an essential step for developing practical solutions in 3D computer vision tasks. Previous fixed sampling is simple, but suffer from suboptimal performance for downstream tasks. To adapt to target networks properly, adaptive sampling methods with trainable parameters have been recently developed to enhance the performance. However, existing adaptive sampling methods still suffer from the over-coupling problem of target network, and thus become model-specific, which limits their practical applications. To address this issue, we propose a novel general cross-scale decoupled sampling method (GCD-sampling) for point cloud, which consists of original feature cache, cross-scale feature fusion and convex combination learning for better feature extraction. To reduce the coupling relationship with the target task network, our method only utilizes the point cloud coordinates as the input and output of itself. Besides, we introduce an arbitrary scale structure to enable parameter sharing across multi-scale sampling in point cloud networks. Extensive experiments on different architectures demonstrate the effectiveness of our method over other existing adaptive sampling methods. © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Feature extraction

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