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A systematic analysis of design choices in short-term taxi demand prediction models

Transportation Research Procedia 2024年 78卷 554-561页

作者： Sören Schleibaum Julian Teusch Rüdiger Ehlers Jörg P. Müller Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Clausthal University of Technology 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany

Accurate prediction of short-term taxi demand allows taxi services to strategically position idle vehicles in areas with insufficient supply, thus reducing idle times for taxis and waiting times for passengers. Towards this end, state-of-the-art approaches use Machine Learning (ML) models based on historic demand data, such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Fully Connected Feed Forward Neural Network (FCNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), or a combination of these. The majority of approaches use a grid representation of the environment to discretize the pickup locations of trips and time bins to order the temporal dimension of the large multi-target regression problem. While these models show good accuracy, many \textit{design choices}, such as the size of the grid cells or the number of previous time steps inserted into a model, are made without justification or without proper tuning. This paper systematically investigates these design decisions. Our hypothesis is that considering them jointly rather than in isolation can improve accuracy. We investigate the influence of (1) the selected grid cell size, (2) the number of input maps, (3) the usage of time shift to enlarge the training data, and (4) the potential of transfer learning on the accuracy of short-term taxi demand prediction. We selected different network types and evaluated them on two large real-world datasets. The evaluation shows that our model outperforms state-of-the-art short-term taxi demand prediction models.

关键词： Demand Prediction Machine Learning Transfer Learning

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Analysis of the Impacts of Consuming Red and Processed Meat on Colorectal Cancer and the role of Machine Learning in Clinical Diagnostics

Analysis of the Impacts of Consuming Red and Processed Meat ...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent and Innovative Technologies in Computing, Electrical and Electronics, ICIITCEE 2023

作者： Navaneethan, C. Prasath, S. Thanga Vellore Institute of Technology Department of Software and Systems Engineering Tamil Nadu Vellore India Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665462631

Phenomenal advancement in modernistic technology has allowed researchers to make any desire they can imagine come true. However, even in today's sophisticated technology environment, the medical world is desperately trying to decrease the tremendous mortality caused by cancer every year. Furthermore, they are constantly investigating if the food we eat daily affects the impact of cancer. Therefore, in this systematic analysis, we reviewed the daily diet, which is widely suspected of causing changes in the effects of cancer. It also expresses the tremendous growth that has occurred in the medical industry due to the advent of artificial intelligence and machine learning. Intake of meat and its variants (red and processed meat) is believed to raise cancer hazards;however, data to support this proof has been contradictory. Consequently, a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of the evidence linking red meat, processed meat, and its subgroups to colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence were conducted. CRC hazards are associated with red and processed meat ingestion. Conversely, whole grains, veggies, fruits, cruciferous vegetables (cabbage and broccoli), milk, dairy products, eggs, and white meat have been related to a low risk of CRC. Surprisingly, our findings demonstrate that traditional diets in many countries are related to a lower risk of all forms of cancer. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Machine learning

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Towards Specification Completion for systems with Emergent Behavior based on DevOps

Towards Specification Completion for Systems with Emergent B...

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2022 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence, CSCI 2022

作者： Ailane, Mohamed Toufik Aniculaesei, Adina Knieke, Christoph Rausch, Andreas Sholichin, Fauzi Clausthal University of Technology Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350320282

software systems may experience multiple emergent behaviors during their operation time. These emergent system behaviors occur when system engineers develop their system under the closed-world assumption, but this assumption is not met during its operation. This means that system engineers work on the basis that they have complete knowledge of the system and its environment during its design, when the system specification that has been created is actually incomplete. In this paper, an observation of an emergent behavior is considered to be a solid proof that the system model specification is still incomplete. A conceptual framework is proposed to harness the emergent behavior and complete the system specification that is provided during the its design. The framework consists of two parts, system development and system operations. It is built on a model-driven approach in order to provide a clear definition of the emergent behavior and a concrete development scheme. The framework exploits the DevOps paradigm as a successful paradigm to achieve the ultimate goal of developing complete system models through the continuous specification completion based on the observed emergent behavior. The goal of this framework is to help develop high-quality and reliable emergent systems based on the specification derived from the emergent behavior that occurred at run time. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Specifications

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Applied Machine Learning Methods with Long-Short Term Memory Based Recurrent Neural Networks for Multivariate Temperature Prediction

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lukić, Bojan Clausthal University of Technology Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Germany

This paper gives an overview on how to develop a dense and deep neural network for making a time series prediction. First, the history and cornerstones in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning will be presented. After a short introduction to the theory of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, the paper will go deeper into the techniques for conducting a time series prediction with different models of neural networks. For this project, Python’s development environment Jupyter, extended with the TensorFlow package and deep-learning application Keras is used. The system setup and project framework are explained in more detail before discussing the time series prediction. The main part shows an applied example of time series prediction with weather data. For this work, a deep recurrent neural network with Long Short-Term Memory cells is used to conduct the time series prediction. The results and evaluation of the work show that a weather prediction with deep neural networks can be successful for a short time period. However, there are some drawbacks and limitations with time series prediction, which will be discussed towards the end of the paper. © 2025, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Prediction models

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MFN: Explainable DNA triple helixes Stabilized Design based on mCGR and flow network

MFN: Explainable DNA triple helixes Stabilized Design based ...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2024

作者： Wen, Xiaoru Sun, Lijun Xie, Lei Zheng, Yanfen Cao, Ben Wang, Bin Dalian University Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing Ministry of Education School of Software Engineering Dalian China Dalian University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Dalian China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386226

DNA triple helix structure, as a highly specific gene targeting tool, enable gene regulation by precisely identifying and binding to target DNA sequences. However, the limits of design quality and efficiency affect their wide application in gene therapy. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an antiparallel DNA triple helixes design method-MFN based on matrix chaotic game representation (mCGR) and flow network. Leveraging the structural characteristics of DNA sequences, this method employs the mCGR algorithm to construct an initial matrix, generating a set of DNA sequences that conform to foundational constraints. Then, these sequences are mapped as stream network nodes to screen crosstalk structures by path search, and the whole process is observable and interpretable. Experimental results show that MFN significantly improves the design efficiency of triple helix structure and reduces crosstalk phenomenon. Wet experiments further verify the effectiveness of the method. In summary, MFN achieves an efficient and high-quality design of DNA triple helixes and provides a new idea for targeted gene therapy. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Crosstalk

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Deploying Hybrid Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques for Effective Cross-Site Scripting(XSS)Attack Detection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第10期81卷 707-748页

作者： Noor Ullah Bacha Songfeng Lu Attiq Ur Rehman Muhammad Idrees Yazeed Yasin Ghadi Tahani Jaser Alahmadi School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430073China Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Al Ain UniversityAl Ain12555Abu Dhabi Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia

Cross-Site Scripting(XSS)remains a significant threat to web application security,exploiting vulnerabilities to hijack user sessions and steal sensitive *** detection methods often fail to keep pace with the evolving sophistication of cyber *** paper introduces a novel hybrid ensemble learning framework that leverages a combination of advanced machine learning algorithms—Logistic Regression(LR),Support Vector Machines(SVM),eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),Categorical Boosting(CatBoost),and Deep Neural Networks(DNN).Utilizing the XSS-Attacks-2021 dataset,which comprises 460 instances across various real-world trafficrelated scenarios,this framework significantly enhances XSS attack *** approach,which includes rigorous feature engineering and model tuning,not only optimizes accuracy but also effectively minimizes false positives(FP)(0.13%)and false negatives(FN)(0.19%).This comprehensive methodology has been rigorously validated,achieving an unprecedented accuracy of 99.87%.The proposed system is scalable and efficient,capable of adapting to the increasing number of web applications and user demands without a decline in *** demonstrates exceptional real-time capabilities,with the ability to detect XSS attacks dynamically,maintaining high accuracy and low latency even under significant ***,despite the computational complexity introduced by the hybrid ensemble approach,strategic use of parallel processing and algorithm tuning ensures that the system remains scalable and performs robustly in real-time *** for easy integration with existing web security systems,our framework supports adaptable Application Programming Interfaces(APIs)and a modular design,facilitating seamless augmentation of current *** innovation represents a significant advancement in cybersecurity,offering a scalable and effective solution for securing modern web applications against evolving threats.

关键词： Cross-site scripting machine learning XSS detection stacking ensemble learning hybrid learning

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A Trust-based Framework for the Detection and Avoidance of Blackhole Nodes in Opportunistic Networks 9

A Trust-based Framework for the Detection and Avoidance of B...

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9th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication, ICSC 2023

作者： Kundu, Protyasha Saha, Swarnadeep Kundu, Anindita Barai, Smritikona Department of Computer Science and Engineering Heritage Institute of Technology Kolkata India Department of Software Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383201

An Opportunistic Network (OppNet), as opposed to a ubiquitous centralized network, relies on sporadic and opportunistic encounters between nodes to facilitate communication. The uncertainty about the node's nature presents challenges when nodes with malicious intents are present in the network. One category of malicious nodes includes blackhole nodes, which receive messages but drop them intentionally. In this paper, we introduce a novel trust function designed to detect blackhole nodes within the network. Our function has been widely tested and simulated to validate and increase the efficacy of transmission of messages in the network. We have performed a comparative analysis with various protocols (PROPHET, Epidemic and Spray And Wait) on several parameters such as Delivery Ratio, Overhead Ratio and Number of Messages dropped. The results demonstrate that our trust function is able to correctly detect and avoid blackhole nodes. We observed significant improvement in delivery ratio in Epidemic Routing (47%), Prophet (41%), and Spray And Wait Routing (17%) protocols when adjusting blackhole nodes while keeping the total network nodes constant. © 2023 IEEE.

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Deep Semantic and Attentive Network for Unsupervised Video Summarization

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ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications 2022年第2期18卷 1-21页

作者： Zhong, Sheng-Hua Lin, Jingxu Lu, Jianglin Fares, Ahmed Ren, Tongwei College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Systems Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra Benha University Cairo Egypt State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

With the rapid growth of video data, video summarization is a promising approach to shorten a lengthy video into a compact version. Although supervised summarization approaches have achieved state-of-the-art performance, they require frame-level annotated labels. Such an annotation process is time-consuming and tedious. In this article, we propose a novel deep summarization framework named Deep Semantic and Attentive Network for Video Summarization (DSAVS) that can select the most semantically representative summary by minimizing the distance between video representation and text representation without any frame-level labels. Another challenge associated with video summarization tasks mainly originates from the difficulty of considering temporal information over a long time. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) performs well for temporal dependencies modeling but does not work well with long video clips. Therefore, we introduce a self-attention mechanism into our summarization framework to capture the long-range temporal dependencies among the frames. Extensive experiments on two popular benchmark datasets, i.e., SumMe and TVSum, show that our proposed framework outperforms other state-of-the-art unsupervised approaches and even most supervised methods. © 2022 Association for Computing Machinery.

关键词： Semantics

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RobFL: Robust Federated Learning via Feature Center Separation and Malicious Center Detection 40

RobFL: Robust Federated Learning via Feature Center Separati...

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40th IEEE International Conference on Data engineering, ICDE 2024

作者： Zhou, Ting Liu, Ning Song, Bo Lv, Hongtao Guo, Deke Liu, Lei National University of Defense Technology Science and Technology Laboratory on Information Systems Engineering Changsha China School of Software Shandong University Jinan China Shandong Research Institute of Industrial Technology Jinan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350317152

In recent years, the integration of federated learning and deep learning technologies has become increasingly prevalent in privacy-preserved scenarios, such as smart health applications and automatic financial support. However, the inherent robustness issue in deep learning poses potential risks to federated learning systems when subjected to various attack methods. These attacks can inflict damage during the training and testing phases, perturbing models and inputs. To enhance the robustness of existing federated learning systems, we propose a novel framework called RobFL. This framework incorporates a unique feature learning module -feature center separation learning -that is specifically designed to increase the margins between different classes in the feature space, thereby augmenting the difficulty of attacks employing imperceptible perturbations on inputs. Furthermore, we design a malicious center detection method to detect malicious clients and mitigate their adverse impact. Extensive experiments substantiate the robustness of our proposed framework, RobFL, demonstrating its resilience against both evasion attacks and poisoning attacks. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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Temporal Refinement Graph Convolutional Network for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第4期5卷 1586-1598页

作者： Zhuang, Tianming Qin, Zhen Ding, Yi Deng, Fuhu Chen, Leduo Qin, Zhiguang Raymond Choo, Kim-Kwang University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Network and Data Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Sichuan610054 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Information and Software Engineering Chengdu Sichuan610054 China School of Advanced Technology Suzhou Jiangsu215123 China University of Texas at San Antonio Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security San AntonioTX78249 United States

Human skeleton data, which has served in the aspect of human activity recognition, ought to be the most representative biometric characteristics due to its intuitivity and visuality. The state-of-the-art approaches mainly focus on improving modeling spatial correlations within graph topologies. However, the interframes motional representations are also of vital importance, and we argue that they are worth paying attention to and exploring. Therefore, a temporal refinement module with contrastive learning mechanism is proposed, fuzing as a complementary to the conventional spatial graph convolution layer. In addition, in order to further exploiting the interframe variances and generalizing graph convolutional network (GCN) operation to temporal dimension, a temporal-correlation matrix is introduced to effectively capture dynamic dependencies within frame-pairs, enhancing semantic feature representation. Moreover, since GCN is a typical local operator which lacks of capability to fully model the long-term relations along spatial and temporal variation, to move beyond the limitation, a spatial-temporal cascaded aggregation (STCA) module is designed to enlarge the receptive filter scale. The overall recognition framework consists of three above novelties, which is capable of achieving remarkable performance by evaluating on benchmark datasets (i.e., NTU RGB+D 60, NTU RGB+D 120, PKU-MMD, and Kinetics Skeleton 400). Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, e.g., performing recognition accuracy rate of 90.9% and 96.8% on NTU RGB+D 60, 87.9% and 88.9% on NTU RGB+D 120. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Convolution

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