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Transaction transmission model for blockchain channels based on non-cooperative games

Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 97-114页

作者： Peiyun ZHANG Chenxi LI Mengchu ZHOU Wenjun HUANG Abdullah ABUSORRAH Omaimah O.BAMASAG Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics of Ministry of Education School of Computer and SoftwareNanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation CenterKing Abdulaziz University Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Center of Excellence in Smart Environment Research King Abdulaziz University

In blockchain networks, transactions can be transmitted through channels. The existing transmission methods depend on their routing information. If a node randomly chooses a channel to transmit a transaction, the transmission may be aborted due to insufficient funds(also called balance) or a low transmission rate. To increase the success rate and reduce transmission delay across all transactions, this work proposes a transaction transmission model for blockchain channels based on non-cooperative game *** balance, channel states, and transmission probability are fully considered. This work then presents an optimized channel transaction transmission algorithm. First, channel balances are analyzed and suitable channels are selected if their balance is sufficient. Second, a Nash equilibrium point is found by using an iterative sub-gradient method and its related channels are then used to transmit transactions. The proposed method is compared with two state-of-the-art approaches: Silent Whispers and Speedy Murmurs. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves transmission success rate, reduces transmission delay,and effectively decreases transmission overhead in comparison with its two competitive peers.

关键词： Blockchain channel transaction transmission channel balance channel state channel transmission probability non-cooperative game

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WaShadow: Effectively Protecting WebAssembly Memory Through Virtual Machine-Aware Shadow Memory 23

WaShadow: Effectively Protecting WebAssembly Memory Through ...

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23rd IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, TrustCom 2024

作者： Jiang, Zhuochen Hua, Baojian Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of China School of Software Engineering China

WebAssembly (Wasm) is an emerging binary instruction set architecture designed for secure binary program execution and is rapidly being deployed across various security-critical domains, such as edge computing and smart contracts. However, despite its security-oriented design, Wasm remains susceptible to vulnerabilities, including integer overflows and memory corruption, due to the lack of effective protection mechanisms, which undermines its security *** this paper, we present WaShadow, the first approach for effective Wasm protection using virtual machine-aware shadow memory. Our key insight is that, since Wasm is a virtual instruction set, we can leverage memory layout information in the underlying Wasm VMs to enforce the protection. Specifically, we first extend the Wasm VMs with shadow memory to record memory information and track the status of linear memory, by introducing two new pseudo Wasm instructions for inserting and performing sanity checks on canaries in the linear memory. We then design a static binary instrumentation method to instrument Wasm binaries with canary instructions. Finally, we implement these canary pseudo-instructions through virtual machine extensions as well as a set of vulnerability detection algorithms as security plugins. We implemented a software prototype for WaShadow and conducted extensive experiments to evaluate its effectiveness, usability, and overhead on micro and real-world benchmarks. Experimental results demonstrated that WaShadow is effective in protecting Wasm linear memory against various memory vulnerabilities, with an average code size increase of 26.5% and an execution time penalty of 108.5%. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： software prototyping

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Comparison of Visual Occupancy Detection Approaches for Parking Lots and Dedicated Containerized REST-API Server Application 9

Comparison of Visual Occupancy Detection Approaches for Park...

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9th Workshop on software Quality Analysis, Monitoring, Improvement, and Applications, SQAMIA 2022

作者： Petričko, Andrej Dakić, Pavle Vranić, Valentino Institute of Informatics Information Systems and Software Engineering Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies Slovak University of Technology Bratislava Slovakia

With the development of new technology, the urban infrastructure, which is necessary to meet the social, economic, and physical needs of the population, is also gradually improving. Therefore, cities face significant urban planning challenges. With the increasing population and number of cars on the road parking space occupancy detection techniques are of great importance for efficient parking space management. Knowing the availability of parking spaces within a city in real-time and informing residents can be of great help in reducing the number of car park councils, reducing traffic congestion in cities, or improving the scalability of car parks and the time needed to find empty parking space. In many car parks, ground sensors are used to determine occupancy status. However, this requires the installation and maintenance of these sensors in every parking space. This can be expensive, especially in car parks with a large number of available spaces. With increasing computing power, new approaches to parking space occupancy detection using computer vision are emerging. However, these approaches are tailored to the site of application. In this work, we propose a comparison of two general approaches: classification and object detection. The reliability, precision, and scalability of these approaches are compared using a REST-API server application implemented in Python. In order to get as close as possible to general use, we use docker, which enables us easier develop and deploy this application independently of the hardware. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

关键词： Object detection

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Identifying and Involving the Real End User in software Development: Towards a Pattern Language 27

Identifying and Involving the Real End User in Software Deve...

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2022 27th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, EuroPLoP 2022

作者： Daud Haiderzai, Mohammad Vranic, Valentino Institute of Informatics Information Systems and Software Engineering Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450395946

software development demand and identification of end users involvement have been increasing rapidly, but identifying the real end user and involving them in software development is challenging for software developers reported in the literature. One of the problems is the difficulty of designing the business domain. It takes longer to find the actual business domain when different and inexpert domain end users are engaged with developers. Another problem is the difficulty of incorporating all types of end users needs in software development. Several expectations and different information make the development process more complex and overload the project scope. software development also takes more time, and the project goal is challenging. The above problems are the leading causes that create a complex process and difficulty in software development. To overcome these problems, we established a pattern language composed of eight organizational patterns observed and documented during in practical work on many projects. These patterns and other known organizational patterns relation are described in a patterns story of a real company. © 2022 ACM.

关键词： software design

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Organizational Patterns for Improving the Understanding between a Customer and the Development Team 27

Organizational Patterns for Improving the Understanding betw...

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2022 27th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, EuroPLoP 2022

作者： Khattab, Mohammad Ismail Vranic, Valentino Institute of Informatics Information Systems and Software Engineering Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450395946

During a software development process, a customer and the development team need to communicate and understand each other. Poor communication between a customer and the development team is one of the most common challenges in the software development process, which leads to software failures and further increases the budget. In our practical experience and from the literature, we found that lack of customer involvement, no common communication language, complex business processes, end-user resistance toward system development, lack of trust, lack of leadership, and and end-user capacity are the main challenges toward the development team understanding. We bring six newly discovered patterns that address these problems and improve the understanding between a customer and the development team during the software development process. We also bring some of the known organizational patterns that also mitigate these problems into relation to the newly discovered patterns. To create a pattern language from these patterns, we illustrated the sequences of the patterns so that the development team and customer could understand each other. © 2022 ACM.

关键词： software design

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FEAT: Towards Fast Environment-Adaptive Task Offloading and Power Allocation in MEC 42

FEAT: Towards Fast Environment-Adaptive Task Offloading and ...

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42nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, INFOCOM 2023

作者： Ren, Tao Hu, Zheyuan He, Hang Niu, Jianwei Liu, Xuefeng Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory for Internet Software Technologies Beijing China Beihang University State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Beijing China Zhongguancun Laboratory Beijing China Zhengzhou University Research Institute of Industrial Technology School of Information Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350334142

Mobile edge computing (MEC) has been proposed to provide mobile devices with both satisfactory computing resources and latency. Key issues in MEC include task offloading and power allocation (TOPA), for which deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is becoming a popular methodology. However, most DRL-based TOPA approaches are typically developed in a certain environment, lacking the adaptability to unseen environments. Motivated by this, this paper proposes a Fast Environment-Adaptive TOPA (FEAT) approach that could adapt to unseen environments with little fine-tuning. Specifically, we first split MEC states into the internal state and environmental state. Then, based on these two types of states, we develop two main components of FEAT - a group of internal state-dependent TOPA meta-policies and an environmental state-embedded steerer. Meta-policies learn TOPA skills within the internal state space (allowing reusing meta-policies in different environments), while the steerer learns to choose appropriate meta-policies according to embedded environmental states. When encountering an unseen environment with the same internal state space, FEAT only needs to fine-tune the steerer using the newly embedded environmental state with few internal state explorations. Extensive experimental results on simulation and testbed demonstrate that FEAT outperforms the state-of-the-art by more than 16.4% in terms of fine-tuning speeds. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

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Improved YOLOv8 for Complex Environmental Fish Detection

Improved YOLOv8 for Complex Environmental Fish Detection

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IEEE advanced Information technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC)

作者： Tonglin Cheng Juan Li Jintao Luo Zhihui Li Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing Engineering Research Center for loT Software and Systems

With the rapid development of computer vision and deep learning technologies, object detection plays a crucial role in various fields. Due to the complexity and diversity of underwater environments, underwater vision tasks face great challenges. In this paper, we improved the YOLOv8 detection model for the fish detection task in complex environments. Specifically, we proposed a multi-scale feature fusion method (MFANet) that combines multiscale weighted feature fusion with multiscale attention to efficiently capture multilevel features of fishes in complex environments. We designed a multiscale weighted feature fusion module that combines feature maps at different scales to enhance the model’s representation of the target. By introducing a multi-scale attention mechanism, the model is able to pay more attention to important feature regions. We conducted experiments on real underwater complex environment datasets. The results show that our proposed improved method significantly enhances the performance of the YOLOv8 model in fish detection tasks and lays a good foundation for subsequent underwater detection tasks.

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Enabling Communication-Efficient Federated Learning via Distributed Compressed Sensing 42

Enabling Communication-Efficient Federated Learning via Dist...

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42nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, INFOCOM 2023

作者： Guan, Yixuan Liu, Xuefeng Ren, Tao Niu, Jianwei Beihang University State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Beijing China Zhongguancun Laboratory Beijing China Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory for Internet Software Technologies Institute of Software Beijing China Zhengzhou University Research Institute of Industrial Technology School of Information Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350334142

Federated learning (FL) trains a shared global model by periodically aggregating gradients from local devices. Communication overhead becomes a principal bottleneck in FL since participating devices usually suffer from limited bandwidth and unreliable connections in uplink transmission. To address this problem, the gradient compression methods based on compressed sensing (CS) theory have been put forward recently. However, most existing CS-based works compress gradients independently, ignoring the gradient correlations between participants or adjacent communication rounds, which constrains the achievement of higher compression rates. In view of the above observation, we propose a novel gradient compression scheme named FedDCS, guided by distributed compressed sensing (DCS) theory. Following the design philosophy of separate encoding and joint decoding in DCS, FedDCS compresses gradients for participants in each round separately while reconstructing them at the central server jointly via fully exploiting correlated gradients from the previous round, which are known as side information (SI). Benefiting from this design, reconstruction performance is significantly improved with fewer decoding errors also iterations under the identical compression rate, and the total uploading bits to achieve model convergence are considerably reduced. Theoretical analysis and extensive experiments conducted on MNIST and Fashion-MNIST both verify the effectiveness of our approach. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Compressed sensing

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Toward Organizational Pattern Ontology 27

Toward Organizational Pattern Ontology

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2022 27th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, EuroPLoP 2022

作者： Waseeb, Shakirullah Vranic, Valentino Institute of Informatics Information Systems and Software Engineering Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450395946

Organizational patterns of agile software development are proven practices for dealing organizational principles. Finding and selecting the right pattern is difficult. One way to select a pattern is to follow the sequence and compositions given in a pattern language. However, in general, pattern languages do not always reveal every reliable connection. Patterns are described in informal and unstructured text, making it difficult to understand their connections. This work attempts to provide a conceptual ontology model for organizational patterns-describing the collection of concepts (terms) and their relations. This contribution can be an attempt to express, expose, and share semantic knowledge between patterns using ontology. The resulting ontology can be used on top of the organizational patterns repositories to help retrieve patterns based on their logical connections. © 2022 ACM.

关键词： Semantics

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Code Based Selected Object-Oriented Mechanisms Identification 10

Code Based Selected Object-Oriented Mechanisms Identificatio...

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10th Workshop on software Quality Analysis, Monitoring, Improvement, and Applications, SQAMIA 2023

作者： Jablonický, Kristián Lang, Ján Institute of Informatics Information Systems and Software Engineering Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Ilkovičova 2 Bratislava842 16 4 Slovakia

This article deals with select mechanisms that are provided by the object-oriented programming language Java. Using these mechanisms is crucial for a proper approach to object-oriented programming. However, this is often difficult for many programmers that are new to writing code in the said language. This paper looks at these mechanisms, defines them by quoting various sources, and proposes a solution that spots these described mechanisms in code. It does so by reading source code from .java files inputted by its user, gathering information about the defined and used classes, interfaces, methods, etc. With this information gained it outputs data which would often require a larger context of the code and good knowledge of the files’ contents. Thanks to the strict definitions and rules, that will be stated later in this paper, the application can consistently spot these mechanisms in code and inform its user about the fact. As a result, the application can help programmers that are new to object-oriented programming languages by ensuring them, that they implemented these mechanisms correctly, or by informing them about their absence. The core mechanisms described in this paper are inheritance, encapsulation, class association, and polymorphism. © 2023 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

关键词： class association encapsulation inheritance Java object-oriented polymorphism programming refactoring

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