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KRATT: QBF-Assisted Removal and Structural Analysis Attack Against Logic Locking

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KRATT: QBF-Assisted Removal and Structural Analysis Attack A...

Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition

作者： Levent Aksoy Muhammad Yasin Samuel Pagliarini Department of Computer Systems Tallinn University of Technology Tallinn Estonia Department of Computer and Software Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA

ISBN: (数字)9783981926385

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348606

This paper introduces KRATT, a removal and structural analysis attack against state-of-the-art logic locking techniques, such as single and double flip locking techniques (SFLTs and DFLTs). KRATT utilizes powerful quantified Boolean formulas (QBFs), which have not found widespread use in hardware security, to find the secret key of SFLTs for the first time. It can handle locked circuits under both oracle-less (OL) and oracle-guided (OG) threat models. It modifies the locked circuit and uses a prominent OL attack to make a strong guess under the OL threat model. It uses a structural analysis technique to identify promising protected input patterns and explores them using the oracle under the OG model. Experimental results on ISCAS'85, ITC'99, and HeLLO: CTF'22 benchmarks show that KRATT can break SFLTs using a QBF formulation in less than a minute, can decipher a large number of key inputs of SFLTs and DFLTs with high accuracy under the OL threat model, and can easily find the secret key of DFLTs under the OG threat model. It is shown that KRATT outperforms publicly available OL and OG attacks in terms of solution quality and run-time.

关键词： Threat modeling Analytical models Hardware security Circuits Benchmark testing Complexity theory Integrated circuit modeling

Data-informativity conditions for structured linear systems with implications for dynamic networks

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Van den Hof, Paul M.J. Shi, Shengling Fonken, Stefanie J.M. Ramaswamy, Karthik R. Hjalmarsson, Håkan Dankers, Arne G. Control Systems Group Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States ASML Veldhoven Netherlands Division of Decision and Control Systems Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Department of Electrical and Software Engineering University of Calgary Canada

When estimating models of a multivariable dynamic system, a typical condition for consistency is to require the input signals to be persistently exciting, which is guaranteed if the input spectrum is positive definite for a sufficient number of frequencies. In this paper it is investigated how such a condition can be relaxed by exploiting prior structural information on the multivariable system, such as structural zero elements in the transfer matrix or entries that are a priori known and therefore not parametrized. It is shown that in particular situations the data-informativity condition can be decomposed into different MISO (multiple input single output) situations, leading to relaxed conditions for the MIMO (multiple input multiple output) model. When estimating a single module in a linear dynamic network, the data-informativity conditions can generically be formulated as path-based conditions on the graph of the network. The new relaxed conditions for data-informativity will then also lead to relaxed path-based conditions on the network graph. Additionally the new expressions are shown to be closely related to earlier derived conditions for (generic) single module identifiability. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： MIMO systems

Arabic Sentiment Analysis of Food Delivery Services Reviews

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Arabic Sentiment Analysis of Food Delivery Services Reviews

2023 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications, ISNCC 2023

作者： Mustafa, Dheya Khabour, Safaa M. Shatnawi, Ahmed S. Taqieddin, Eyad The Hashemite University Faculty of Engineering Dept. of Computer Engineering Zarqa13133 Jordan Yarmouk University Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Sciences Dept. of Information Systems Irbid21163 Jordan Jordan University of Science & Technology Dept. of Software Engineering Irbid21110 Jordan School of Computing and Informatics Dept. of Cyber Security Al-Hussein Technical University Amman Jordan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350335590

Customer reviews on online platforms have grown to become an important source of insight into a company's performance. Food delivery services (FDS) companies aim to effectively use customers' feedback to identify areas for improvement of customer satisfaction. Although Arabic is becoming one of the most widely used languages on the Internet, only a few studies have focused on Arabic sentiment analysis to date. The present study conducts an extensive emotion mining and sentiment analysis on FDS-related reviews in Arabic, exploiting natural language processing, and machine learning techniques to extract information that reflects customers' subjective viewpoints, recognize their feelings, and determine polarity in the FDS domain. This work begins with collecting the FDS dataset (Talabat), and then extracting and creating a dialects lexicon for Arabic dialects, followed by walking the reader through detailed steps of cleaning and pre-processing a manually annotated dataset. Finally, we examined classification algorithms including Decision Tree (DT), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). We achieved a maximum accuracy of about 82% using the SVM classifier. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Sentiment analysis

LPT-One and BFD-One Search Algorithms for Load Balance and Bin-Packing of Cloud Computing

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LPT-One and BFD-One Search Algorithms for Load Balance and B...

IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing and Intelligence systems (CCIS)

作者： Guangyao Zhou Wenhong Tian Rajkumar Buyya School of Information and Software Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China China School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia

Cloud computing contains large-scale tasks and resources. Currently, the local search is a considerable choice in ensuring both computational complexity and optimization. Based on our previous research on multi-route search algorithm to reduce makespan, we apply BFDO and LPTO algorithms to address load balancing and bin-packing problems. Through abundant experiments, we validate the superiority of our proposed BFDO and LPTO.

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Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Wearable Internet of Things for Mental Health Detection

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International Journal of Cognitive Computing in engineering 2024年第1期5卷 307-315页

作者： Wang, Wei Chen, Jian Hu, Yuzhu Liu, Han Chen, Junxin Gadekallu, Thippa Reddy Garg, Lalit Guizani, Mohsen Hu, Xiping Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Emotional Intelligence and Pervasive Computing Artificial Intelligence Research Institute Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China School of Medical Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China School of Intelligent Systems Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Shenzhen518000 China School of Software Dalian University of Technology Dalian116621 China Division of Research and Development Lovely Professional University Phagwara India Center of Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara University Punjab India Faculty of Information and Communication Technology University of Malta Msida Malta United Arab Emirates

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Wearable Internet of Things (WIoT) for mental health detection is a promising area of research with the potential to revolutionize mental health monitoring and diagnosis. Since early detection of mental diseases, i.e., depression, is of great importance for diagnosis and treatment, a fast and convenient way is urgently needed. Traditional diagnostic methods are time-consuming, laborious, over-subjective, and easily lead to misdiagnosis. The advance in information techniques and wearable devices brings innovation to mental disease detection. Therefore, this article first compares intelligent depression detection methods and traditional methods to illustrate the significance and then analyzes the opportunities of the wearable device. Then we provide specific psychophysiological data measured by wearable devices and introduce relevant datasets for depression detection. An illustrative example of depression detection with sleep data is presented and discussed and our proposed ensemble method has improved nearly 10% to baselines. Analytical results demonstrate the great potential of using wearable device-measured psychophysiological data to detect depression intelligently. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Internet of things

Data Owner Benefit-Driven Design of People Analytics

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zander, Patrik Zieglmeier, Valentin Technical University of Munich TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Software and Systems Engineering Boltzmannstr. 3 Garching85748 Germany

With increasingly digitalized workplaces, the potential for sophisticated analyses of employee data rises. This increases the relevance of people analytics (PA), which are tools for the behavioral analysis of employees. Despite this potential, the successful usage of PA is hindered by employee concerns. Especially in Europe, where the GDPR or equivalent laws apply, employee consent is required before data can be processed in PA. Therefore, PA can only provide relevant insights if employees are willing to share their data. One potential way of achieving this is the use of appeal strategies. In the design of PA, the core strategy that can be used is the inclusion of data owner benefits, such as automated feedback, that are given to employees in exchange for sharing their own data. In this paper, we examine benefits as an appeal strategy and develop four design principles for the inclusion of benefits in PA. Then, we describe an exemplary set of analyses and benefits, demonstrating how our principles may be put into practice. Based on this exemplary implementation, we describe and discuss the results of a user study (n = 46) among employees in the EU and UK. Our study investigates the factors that foster or hinder employees’ consent to sharing their data with PA. Then, we introduce our data owner benefits and analyze whether they can positively influence this consent decision. Our introduced data owner benefits were, contrary to our expectations, not suited to motivate our participants to consent to sharing their data. We therefore analyze how participants judge the benefits. Participants generally appreciate having them, confirming the value of including data owner benefits when designing PA. Some of our introduced benefits negatively influenced participants’ sharing decision, though, meaning that careful consideration of potential risks is required when conceptualizing them. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Personnel

Decentralized Inverse Transparency With Blockchain

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zieglmeier, Valentin Daiqui, Gabriel Loyola Pretschner, Alexander Technical University of Munich TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Software and Systems Engineering Boltzmannstr. 3 Garching85748 Germany

Employee data can be used to facilitate work, but their misusage may pose risks for individuals. Inverse transparency therefore aims to track all usages of personal data, allowing individuals to monitor them to ensure accountability for potential misusage. This necessitates a trusted log to establish an agreed-upon and non-repudiable timeline of events. The unique properties of blockchain facilitate this by providing immutability and availability. For power asymmetric environments such as the workplace, permissionless blockchain is especially beneficial as no trusted third party is required. Yet, two issues remain: (1) In a decentralized environment, no arbiter can facilitate and attest to data exchanges. Simple peer-to-peer sharing of data, conversely, lacks the required non-repudiation. (2) With data governed by privacy legislation such as the GDPR, the core advantage of immutability becomes a liability. After a rightful request, an individual's personal data need to be rectified or deleted, which is impossible in an immutable blockchain. To solve these issues, we present Kovacs, a decentralized data exchange and usage logging system for inverse transparency built on blockchain. Its new-usage protocol ensures non-repudiation, and therefore accountability, for inverse transparency. Its one-time pseudonym generation algorithm guarantees unlinkability and enables proof of ownership, which allows data subjects to exercise their legal rights regarding their personal data. With our implementation, we show the viability of our solution. The decentralized communication impacts performance and scalability, but exchange duration and storage size are still reasonable. More importantly, the provided information security meets high requirements. We conclude that Kovacs realizes decentralized inverse transparency through secure and GDPR-compliant use of permissionless blockchain. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Blockchain

How Do Hackathons Foster Creativity? Towards AI Collaborative Evaluation of Creativity at Scale

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Falk, Jeanette Chen, Yiyi Rafner, Janet Zhang, Mike Bjerva, Johannes Nolte, Alexander Aalborg University Copenhagen Department of Computer Science Copenhagen Denmark Center for Hybrid Intelligence Department of Management and Aarhus Institute for Advanced Studies Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Aalborg University Copenhagen Department of Computer Science Pioneer Centre for Artificial Intelligence Copenhagen Denmark Software Engineering and Technology Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands and Software and Societal Systems Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States

Hackathons have become popular collaborative events for accelerating the development of creative ideas and prototypes. There are several case studies showcasing creative outcomes across domains such as industry, education, and research. However, there are no large-scale studies on creativity in hackathons which can advance theory on how hackathon formats lead to creative outcomes. We conducted a computational analysis of 193,353 hackathon projects. By operationalizing creativity through usefulness and novelty, we refined our dataset to 10,363 projects, allowing us to analyze how participant characteristics, collaboration patterns, and hackathon setups influence the development of creative projects. The contribution of our paper is twofold: We identified means for organizers to foster creativity in hackathons. We also explore the use of large language models (LLMs) to augment the evaluation of creative outcomes and discuss challenges and opportunities of doing this, which has implications for creativity research at large. © 2025, CC BY.

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Session-Based Recommendation with Graph Neural Networks with an Examination of the Impact of Local and Global Vectors 5th

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Session-Based Recommendation with Graph Neural Networks wit...

5th Workshop on Intelligent Data - From Data to Knowledge, DOING 2024, 3rd Workshop on Knowledge Graphs Analysis on a Large Scale, K-GALS 2024, 6th Workshop on Modern Approaches in Data engineering and Information System Design, MADEISD 2024 and 3rd Workshop on Personalization and Recommender systems, PERS 2024 held in conjunction with 28th European Conference on Advances in Databases and Information systems, ADBIS 2024

作者： Glogowska, Justyna Kobiela, Dariusz Mielewczyk, Szymon Gdańsk University of Technology Faculty of Electronics Telecommunications and Informatics Department of Multimedia Systems and Department of Software Engineering Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 Gdańsk80-233 Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031704208

This study investigates the application of graph neural networks (GNN) in session-based recommendation systems (SR), focusing on a key modification involving the use of a global vector. Session-based recommendation systems often face challenges in accurately capturing user behavior due to the limited data available within individual sessions. The SR-GNN model, originally designed for automatic feature extraction from session graphs by leveraging rich connections between nodes, addresses these challenges effectively. In our experiments, we replaced the local vector with a global vector representing the entire session sequence, not just the last element. Our results show that both local and global vectors perform comparably, suggesting that the global vector is sufficient to capture the session context. Additionally, our study indicate that the SR-GNN algorithm maintains consistent performance across various datasets, with minor fluctuations depending on the dataset characteristics. The conducted experiments highlight the resilience and adaptability of the SR-GNN model in diverse scenarios, demonstrating its potential for use in session-based recommendation systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Graph neural networks