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arXiv 2021年

作者： Holvitie, Johannes Licorish, Sherlock A. Spínola, Rodrigo O. Hyrynsalmi, Sami MacDonell, Stephen G. Mendes, Thiago S. Buchan, Jim Leppänen, Ville Turku Centre for Computer Science Software Development Laboratory Turku Finland University of Turku Department of Information Technology Turku Finland University of Otago Department of Information Science Otago Dunedin New Zealand Salvador University Graduate Program in Systems and Computer Bahia Salvador Brazil Federal University of Bahia Fraunhofer Project Center for Software and System Engineering Salvador Brazil Tampere University of Technology Pori Campus Pori Finland Federal Institute of Bahia Information Technology Department Bahia Santo Amaro Brazil Auckland University of Technology School of Engineering Computer and Mathematical Sciences Auckland New Zealand

Context: Contemporary software development is typically conducted in dynamic, resource-scarce environments that are prone to the accumulation of technical debt. While this general phenomenon is acknowledged, what remains unknown is how technical debt specifically manifests in and affects software processes, and how the software development techniques employed accommodate or mitigate the presence of this debt. Objectives: We sought to draw on practitioner insights and experiences in order to classify the effects of agile method use on technical debt management, given the popularity and perceived success of agile methods. We explore the breadth of practitioners' knowledge about technical debt;how technical debt is manifested across the software process;and the perceived effects of common agile software development practices and processes on technical debt. In doing so, we address a research gap in technical debt knowledge and provide novel and actionable managerial recommendations. Method: We designed, tested and executed a multi-national survey questionnaire to address our objectives, receiving 184 responses from practitioners in Brazil, Finland, and New Zealand. Results: Our findings indicate that: 1) Practitioners are aware of technical debt, although, there was under utilization of the concept, 2) Technical debt commonly resides in legacy systems, however, concrete instances of technical debt are hard to conceptualize which makes it problematic to manage, 3) Queried agile practices and processes help to reduce technical debt;in particular, techniques that verify and maintain the structure and clarity of implemented artifacts (e.g., Coding standards and Refactoring) positively affect technical debt management. Conclusions: The fact that technical debt instances tend to have characteristics in common means that a systematic approach to its management is feasible. However, notwithstanding the positive effects of some agile practices on technical debt management, comp

关键词： Legacy systems

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ROLE OF SIMULATION IN RAPID PROTOTYPING FOR CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 204-211页

作者： KING, JF BARTON, DE J. Fred King:is the manager of the Advanced Technology Department for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Houston in 1977. He has been principal investigator of research projects in knowledge engineering pattern recognition and heuristic problem-solving. Efforts include the development of a multi-temporal multispectral classifier for identifying graincrops using LANDSAT satellite imagery data for NASA. Also as a member of the research team for a NCI study with Baylor College of Medicine and NASA he helped develop techniques for detection of carcinoma using multispectral microphotometer scans of lung tissue. He established and became technical director of the AI Laboratory for Ford Aerospace where he developed expert scheduling modeling and knowledge acquisition systems for NASA. Since joining Unisys in 1985 he has led the development of object-oriented programming environments blackboard architectures data fusion techniques using neural networks and intelligent data base systems. Douglas E. Barton:is manager of Logistics Information Systems for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his B.A. degree in computer science from the College of William and Mary in 1978 and did postgraduate work in London as a Drapers Company scholar. Since joining Unisys in 1981 his work has concentrated on program management and software engineering of large scale data base management systems and design and implementation of knowledge-based systems in planning and logistics. As chairman of the Logistics Data Subcommittee of the National Security Industrial Association (NSIA) he led an industry initiative which examined concepts in knowledge-based systems in military logistics. His responsibilities also include evaluation development and tailoring of software engineering standards and procedures for data base and knowledge-based systems. He is currently program manager of the Navigation Information Management System which provides support to the Fleet Ballistic Missile Progr

A valuable technique during concept development is rapid prototyping of software for key design components. This approach is particularly useful when the optimum design approach is not readily apparent or several known alternatives need to be rapidly evaluated. A problem inherent in rapid prototyping is the lack of a "target system" with which to interface. Some alternatives are to develop test driver libraries, integrate the prototype with an existing working simulator, or build one for the specific problem. This paper presents a unique approach to concept development using rapid prototyping for concept development and scenario-based simulation for concept verification. The rapid prototyping environment, derived from artificial intelligence technology, is based on a blackboard architecture. The rapid prototype simulation capability is provided through an object-oriented modeling environment. It is shown how both simulation and blackboard technologies are used collectively to rapidly gain insight into a tenacious problem. A specific example will be discussed where this approach was used to evolve the logic of a mission controller for an autonomous underwater vehicle.

关键词： Military engineering

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Survey of reduced workload and crewing strategies for ocean patrol vessels

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2001年第2期113卷 29-44页

作者： Baker, C Krull, R Snyder, G Lincoln, W Malone, TB Clifford C. Baker CIE CHFEP is a senior staff scientist at Carlow International Incorporated. He has applied most of his 24 years of experience in the application of human engineering technology to maritime systems. Mr. Baker has directed much of Carlow's efforts to reduce ship workload and to improve human performance and maritime safety through application of human factors methods and data. He is a Certified Industrial Ergonomist (CIE) as well as a Certified Human Factors Engineering Professional (CHFEP). Both certifications were granted by Oxford Research where Mr. Baker also serves as an Advisory Board member. Russell D. Krull P.E. is a senior engineer with A&T/Proteus Engineering with more than 18 years of experi-ence in marine engineering naval architecture and program management including 16 years of active duty in the U.S. Coast Guard. Recent experience includes advanced ship design studies engineering software development technical support for the USMC Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle propulsion systems analyses ship structural engineering and cargo handling systems engineering. Mr. Krull has an M.S.E. in naval architecture and marine engineering and an M.S.E. in industrial and operations engineering from University of Michigan and a B.S. in ocean engineering from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. Capt. Glenn L. Snyder USCG. Regrettably since this paper was originally written Capt. Snyder has passed away. At the time of his death he was an operations specialist assigned to the Coast Guard's Deepwater Capabilities Replacement Project as Chief of Human Systems Integration. He served as commanding officer of the patrol boat Cape George (WPB-95306) the icebreaking tug Biscayne Bay (WTGB-104) and the cutter Legare (WMEC-911). A 1975 graduate of the U.S. Coast Guard Academy Capt. Snyder held an M.A. in national security and strategic studies from the U.S. Naval War College and an M.A. in international relations from Salve Regina College. In addition he was a 1998 fellow of the Foreign Service

The U.S. Coast Guard is in the concept exploration phase of its Integrated Deepwater System (IDS) acquisition project. This project will define the next generation of surface, air and command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C4ISR) assets used to perform the Coast Guard's missions in the IDS environment (>50 NM off the U. S. coastline). As part of early technology investigations, the needs exist to: (1) analyze the workload requirements of the IDS, (2) identify alternative means to perform ship's work, and (3) optimize ship manning consistent with ship workload, performance criteria, and the available tools and equipment aboard. To reduce shipboard work requires an understanding of the mission and support requirements placed on the vessel and crew, how these requirements are currently met, and how requirements might otherwise be met to reduce workload and crew size. This study examined currently implemented workload and manpower reducing approaches of commercial maritime fleets, U.S. and foreign navies, and foreign coastguards. These approaches were analyzed according to evaluation criteria approved by the IDS acquisition project team. From this, strategies for shipboard work reduction that may be considered for adoption by the IDS were identified and analyzed according to performance and costs factors. Ten workload-reducing strategies were identified: damage control, bridge, multiple crewing, engineering, risk acceptance, modularity, deck, enabling technologies, ship/personnel readiness, and operability and maintainability.

关键词： Naval vessels

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The acquisition of joint programs: The implications of interdependencies

CrossTalk

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CrossTalk 2007年第5期20卷 20-24页

作者： Brown, Mary Maureen Flowe, Robert M. Hamel, Sean Patrick University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Office of the Secretary of Defense Software Engineering Institute SEI/University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CB #3330 Knapp-Sanders BLDG Chapel Hill NC 27599-3330 Office of the Secretary of Defense Program Analysis and Evaluation Deputy for Resource Analysis Weapon Systems Cost Analysis Div. 1800 Defense Pentagon Washington DC 20301-1800 SEI Research Affiliate 2316 Chapel Hill RD Durham NC 27707

The movement toward transformation and joint capabilities has created new challenges for program acquisition efforts. The research reported in this article examines the implications of joint capabilities on acquisition. In short, the research investigates how program interdependency, size, age, and developmental status influence the occurrence of programmatic breaches. The findings provide empirical evidence that metrics that are capable of measuring interdependency may prove fruitful as an early indicator of joint program acquisition shortfalls.

关键词： Knowledge acquisition

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Formalizing Atom-typing and the Dissemination of Force Fields with Foyer

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Klein, Christoph Summers, Andrew Z. Thompson, Matthew W. Gilmer, Justin McCabe, Clare Cummings, Peter T. Sallai, Janos Iacovella, Christopher R. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Center Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Institute for Software Integrated Systems Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States

A key component to enhancing reproducibility in the molecular simulation community is reducing ambiguity in the parameterization of molecular models. Ambiguity in molecular models often stems from the dissemination of molecular force fields in a format that is not directly usable or is ambiguously documented via a non-machine readable mechanism. Specifically, the lack of a general tool for performing automated atom-typing under the rules of a particular force field facilitates errors in model parameterization that may go unnoticed if other researchers are unable reproduce this process. Here, we present Foyer, a Python tool that enables users to define force field atom-typing rules in a format that is both machine- and human-readable thus eliminating ambiguity in atom-typing and additionally providing a framework for force field dissemination. Foyer defines force fields in an XML format, where SMARTS strings are used to define the chemical context of a particular atom type. Herein we describe the underlying methodology of the Foyer package, highlighting its advantages over typical atom-typing approaches and demonstrate is application in several use-cases. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Atoms

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Real-time embedded system support for the BTeV level 1 muon trigger

Real-time embedded system support for the BTeV level 1 muon ...

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2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record - Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference

作者： Haney, Michael J. Beauregard, D. Iyer, R. Kalbarczyk, Z. Liu, Q. Wang, L. Haney, M. Selen, M. Mosse, D. Shigiltchoff, O. Chopade, R. Hovey, L. Jung, M. Messie, D. Oh, J. Stone, S. Bapty, T. Neema, S. Nordstrom, S. Shetty, S. Vashishtha, S. Yao, D. Sheldon, P. Vaandering, E. Butler, J. Gottschalk, E. Kowalkowski, J. Votava, M. Appel, J. University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 United States Des./Validation Reliable N.S.R.G. University of Illinois High Energy Physics Group Department of Physics University of Illinois Department of Computer Science Coll. in High Sch. Educ. Program University of Pittsburgh Department of Electrical Engineering Syracuse University High Energy Physics Group Department of Physics Syracuse University Inst. for Software Intgd. Systems Vanderbilt University Department of Physics BTeV Group Vanderbilt University BTeV Collaboration Particle Physics Division Fermi Natl. Accelerator Laboratory Computing Division Fermi Natl. Accelerator Laboratory Fermilab Education Office Fermi Natl. Accelerator Laboratory

The Level 1 Muon Trigger subsystem for BTeV will be implemented using the same architectural building blocks as the BTeV Level 1 Pixel Trigger: pipelined field programmable gate arrays feeding a farm of dedicated processing elements. The muon trigger algorithm identifies candidate tracks, and is sensitive to the muon charge (sign);candidate dimuon events are identified by complementary charge track-pairs. To insure that the trigger is operating effectively, the trigger development team is actively collaborating in an independent multi-university research program for reliable, self-aware, fault adaptive behavior in real-time embedded systems (RTES). Key elements of the architecture, algorithm, performance, and engineered reliability are presented.

关键词： Embedded systems

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COMBAT SYSTEM engineering - A RETURN TO FUNDAMENTALS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1993年第3期105卷 61-69页

作者： MITTURA, A KARP, MS PE Andrew Mittura:is currently a senior program engineer with SYSCON Corp. He began his career in the Combat System Installation and Integration Office of NavSea in 1978. He has worked as a system engineer on the Seafire program at NSWCDD on the NATO Anti-air Warfare Program while at FMC Corporation and for the past four years on the Aegis Combat System with SYSCON. Current efforts include performance assessment studies of the Aegis combat system and combat system architecture and connectivity analysis. Mr. Mittura received a B.S. in electrical engineering from Penn State University in 1978 and an M.S. in engineering management from Catholic University of America in 1982. He is a licensed professional engineer with the State of Virginia. Mitchel S. Karp:cofounded K&K Software Engineering Inc. in February 1970. He is currently secretary/treasurer and senior system engineer. His involvement in combat systems began with NTDS in 1963. He has been involved in the Aegis Program since 1968 and has worked in all aspects of combat system development including computer programming tactical analysis software development and management. He has given several seminars on real-time software development and documentation. He currently is working under contracts to NSWCDD in the areas of combat system architecture and connectivity configuration management and documentation. Mr. Karp received a B.S. in engineering physics from Lehigh University in 1958.

The Navy's focus has shifted from global war scenarios to preparedness for the prospect of involvement in regional, littoral contingencies and conflicts. Operationally, shipboard personnel will need the ability to shift focus from the combat system multimission roles to that of only a single mission. From a development perspective, combat systems must accommodate a continual infusion of technology in a budget constrained environment. Combat system architecture is the single most important feature affecting combat system flexibility, from both an operational and developmental aspect. There is a fundamental partitioning of combat svstem functions into detect, command, and engage in a horizontal integration approach that enhances this needed flexibilitv. This fundamental partitioning is currently applied to individual weapon systems, but not to combat svstems as a whole. Instead, self-contained weapon systems are often developed and then vertically integrated to form a combat svstem, causing reduced flexibility. The battle organization is the principal driving requirement for combat system architecture. This paper shows that that the battle organization is best supported by a horizontally integrated combat system of detect, command, and engage. It concludes that a horizontally integrated combat svstem architecture of detect, command, and engage should be a candidate for future combat systems.

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COMBAT SYSTEM INDUSTRIAL-TESTING - MEASUREMENT OF SUCCESS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第5期98卷 47-57页

作者： TRESSLER, DL HART, JB Dennis L. Tresseler is currently combat system test team leader for the combat systems test and evaluation branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command (SEA 61 × 11). Mr. Tresseler graduated in 1972 with a degree in mechanical engineering technology. He began his career at Newport News Shipbuilding in 1972 where he was a test director responsible for weapon system installation alignment and testing in CGN-36 thru 40 and CVN-68 and 69. In 1977 he came to the Washington area and worked for various contractors in technical and managerial positions before coming to NA VSEA in 1981. He is a member of the Naval Institute and his paper on “FF-1041 Class Modernization” has been accepted for publication in the Proceedings. J.B. Hart is currently the senior program manager combat systems for VSE Corporation headquartered in Alexandria Virginia. He is the program manager for VSE's master ordnance repair (MOR) team. His previous position was with COMPTEK Research Inc. Virginia Beach as senior combat systems engineer. Mr. Hart earned his BS degree from the University of New York in general engineering. He retired as chief ordnance control warrant officer after 22 years of service in 1982. While on active duty he served in various combat systems capacities since 1968 the most noteworthy of which were as ship's combat systems test officer/fire control officer on USS Belknap (CG-26) bringing her back into commission through major reconstruction and as combat system chief onboard USS Albany (CG-10) assisting in test and delivery of the first NTDS model 4.0 software program as well as numerous control systems updates both software and hardware.

This is an overview of the combat system test and certification (CST&C) program as a subset of the total ship test program (TSTP) for active fleet surface ships. The paper will discuss how the T&C program measures not only the suitability of repairs and modifications done during a ship's combat system industrial availability in a public or private yard period, but also the impact that successful program conduct has on the materiel effectiveness throughout a ship's operational cycle. The CST&C management organization and responsibilities, including NAVSEA's master ordnance repair program as well as combat system code 190's relationship to the CST&C program and the impact of pre- and post-industrial testing requirements on the actual conduct of industrial testing will be addressed.

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Accelerating Real-Time Imaging for Radiotherapy: Leveraging Multi-GPU Training with PyTorch 22

Accelerating Real-Time Imaging for Radiotherapy: Leveraging ...

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22nd IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, ICMLA 2023

作者： Obe, Ruth Kaufmann, Brandt Baird, Kaelen Kadel, Sam Soltani, Yasmin Cham, Mostafa Gobbert, Matthias K. Barajas, Carlos A. Jiang, Zhuoran Sharma, Vijay R. Ren, Lei Peterson, Stephen W. Poif, Jerimy C. U. of Houston-Clear Lake Dept. of Computer Science and of Software Engineering United States U. of San Francisco Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics United States Skidmore College Dept. of Computer Science and of Mathematics United States Mount Holyoke College Dept. of Computer Science and of Psychology United States U. of Houston Dept. of Biomedical Engineering United States U. of Maryland Dept. of Information Systems Baltimore County United States U. of Maryland Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics Baltimore County United States Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke University United States U. of Maryland School of Medicine Dept. of Radiation Oncology United States U. of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology United States U. of Cape Town Dept. of Physics South Africa H3D Inc. United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345346

Proton beam therapy is an advanced form of cancer radiotherapy that uses high-energy proton beams to deliver precise and targeted radiation to tumors. This helps to mit-igate unnecessary radiation exposure in healthy tissues. Real-time imaging of prompt gamma rays with Compton cameras has been suggested to improve therapy efficacy. However, the camera's non-zero time resolution leads to incorrect interaction classifications and noisy images that are insufficient for accurately assessing proton delivery in patients. To address the challenges posed by the Compton camera's image quality, machine learning techniques are employed to classify and refine the generated data. These machine-learning techniques include recurrent and feedforward neural networks. A PyTorch model was designed to improve the data captured by the Compton camera. This decision was driven by PyTorch's flexibility, powerful capabilities in handling sequential data, and enhanced G PU usage. This accelerates the model's computations on large-scale radiotherapy data. Through hyperparameter tuning, the validation accuracy of our PyTorch model has been improved from an initial 7 % to over 60 %. Moreover, the PyTorch Distributed Data Parallelism strategy was used to train the RNN models on multiple G PU s, which significantly reduced the training time with a minor impact on model accuracy. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Clas-sification Compton camera Distributed Data Parallelism Proton beam therapy PyTorch Recurrent neural network

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Educational use of a microwave electromagnetic analysis of 3-D planar structures

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Computer Applications in engineering Education 1993年第3期1卷 243-243页

作者： Rautio, J.C. Sonnet Software Inc. Suite 203 135 Old Cove Road Liverpool NY 13090 Dr. James C. Rautio:founded Sonnet Software a developer of 3-D planar electromagnetic microwave software in 1983 with support from the David Sarnoff Research Center Hewlett Packard General Electric and Syracuse University. He has served as a visiting member of the faculty at Syracuse University and as an adjunct faculty member at Cornell University teaching microwave and computer courses as well as pursuing research in electromagnetics. Dr. Rautio previously worked in General Electric's Space Division and Electronics Laboratory. He designed microwave circuits including filters for a Landsat receiver and various GaAs microwave integrated circuits. He also developed microwave and millimeter wave automated measurement equipment and wrote a large microwave circuit analysis program. Dr. Rautio holds a BS in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University an MS in Systems Engineering from the University of Pennsylvania and a PhD in Electrical Engineering from Syracuse University

The use of an electromagnetic analysis of 3-D planar structures is described with respect to the educational requirements of students from the college freshman level through the graduate level. The analysis is intended primarily for microwave use; however, there is also significant potential interest from the student of high speed digital design. The analysis is used for passive planar circuits with any number of layers. The third dimension is represented by vias. A mature graphical user interface is provided allowing rapid capture of structure geometry, color visualization, and animation of the resulting current distributions. The software is also explicitly designed to work in conjunction with popular circuit theory based microwave software and with SPICE.

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