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arXiv 2022年

作者： Hellings, Jelle Rahnama, Sajjad Gupta, Suyash Sadoghi, Mohammad Department of Computing and Software McMaster University HamiltonON Canada Exploratory Systems Lab Department of Computer Science University of California Davis DavisCA United States RISELab Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA United States

The introduction of Bitcoin fueled the development of blockchain-based resilient data management systems that are resilient against failures, enable federated data management, and can support data provenance. The key factor determining the performance of such resilient data management systems is the consensus protocol used by the system to replicate client transactions among all participants. Unfortunately, existing high-throughput consensus protocols are costly and impose significant latencies on transaction processing, which rules out their usage in responsive high-performance data management systems. In this work, we improve on this situation by introducing the Proof-of-Execution consensus protocol (PoE), a consensus protocol designed for high-performance low-latency resilient data management. PoE introduces speculative execution, which minimizes latencies by starting execution before consensus is reached, and PoE introduces proof-of-executions to guarantee successful execution to clients. Furthermore, PoE introduces a single-round check-commit protocol to reduce the overall communication costs of consensus. Hence, we believe that PoE is a promising step towards flexible general-purpose low-latency resilient data management systems. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Information management

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Feature and Performance Comparison of FaaS Platforms

Feature and Performance Comparison of FaaS Platforms

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IEEE International Conference on software engineering and Service Sciences (ICSESS)

作者： Penghui Ma Peichang Shi Guodong Yi National Key Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Processing College of Computer Science National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems College of Computer Science National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Xiangjiang Lab Changsha China School of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Hunan University Of Technology and Business Changsha China

With serverless computing offering more efficient and cost-effective application deployment, the diversity of serverless platforms presents challenges to users, including platform lock-in and costly migration. Moreover, due to the black box nature of function computing, traditional performance benchmarking methods are not applicable, necessitating new studies. This article presents a detailed comparison of six major public cloud function computing platforms and introduces a benchmarking framework for function computing performance. This framework aims to help users make comprehensive comparisons and select the most suitable platform for their specific needs.

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Enhancing Dental Caries Identification with Deep Learning: A Study of Convolutional Neural Networks and Transfer Learning Approaches

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Mannan, Fayqa Adeel, Muhammad Arif, Erssa Li, Jianqiang Ullah, Amin Nawazish, Samra Mahmood, Tariq Rehman, Amjad Shoukat, Ijaz Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China Department of Computer Science Government College University Faisalabad38000 Pakistan Department of Computer Science School of Science National Textile University Faisalabad37610 Pakistan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing Riphah International University Faisalabad38000 Pakistan Beijing Engineering Research Center for IoT Software and Systems 100124 China Department of Computer Science Faculty of IT and Computer Science University of Central Punjab Lahore Pakistan School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China Software Engineering Department University of Engineering and Technology Taxila Pakistan Artificial Intelligence & Data Analytics Lab CCIS Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Faculty of information Sciences University of Education Vehari Campus Vehari61100 Pakistan

Various deep learning techniques have been employed to diagnose dental caries using X-ray images. In this study, we utilized deep learning models, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and transfer learning models such as Visual Geometry Group (VGG16), VGG19, ResNet50, and Inception V3, to identify dental caries in periapical radiographs. The traditional CNN model comprises three sets of 2D convolutional layers, followed by an activation layer, a max-pooling layer, a flatten layer, one dense layer, another activation layer, dropout, another dense layer, and a final activation layer. For the VGG models, ResNet50, and Inception V3, the top convolutional layers were frozen to prevent retraining of the model, with only the last layers trained to produce the required output. The accuracy achieved by CNN, VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, and Inception V3 was 90%, 96%, 73%, 70%, and 73%, respectively. VGG16 exhibited the highest accuracy among the models. Hyperparameters were carefully selected using a grid search approach, and the results were validated using the Shuffle-Split-Cross (SSC) validation method. These findings underscore the effectiveness of transfer learning in analyzing medical images, particularly in the diagnosis of dental caries. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Measurements Based Physical Layer Security in Device to Device mm-Wave Communications

Measurements Based Physical Layer Security in Device to Devi...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： Seong Ki Yoo Paschalis C. Sofotasios Simon L. Cotton Lei Zhang Jae Seung Song Imran S. Ansari Young Jin Chun Centre for Future Transport and Cities Coventry University Coventry UK EECS Department Center for Cyber Physical Systems Khalifa University Abu Dhabi UAE Department of Electrical Engineering Tampere University Tampere Finland Centre for Wireless Innovation ECIT Institute Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK Software Engineering and Security Lab. Sejong University Seoul South Korea James Watt School of Engineering University of Glasgow Glasgow UK Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China

In this contribution we evaluate the transmission of confidential information over ${\mathcal{F}}$ composite fading channels in the presence of an eavesdropper (Eve) who also experiences ${\mathcal{F}}$ composite fading. Upon obtaining tractable closed-form expressions for the secure outage probability and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity, we analyze extensively the achievable physical layer security performance in the context of mm-wave communications. This is realized with the aid of extensive measurement results from realistic communication scenarios, which show the behavior of composite ${\mathcal{F}}$ fading channels in device-to-device communication scenarios. The offered results provide meaningful insights of theoretical and practical importance that are expected to be useful in the design of mm-wave based communication systems.

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Secure Outage Probability in the Presence of Two Eavesdroppers and Composite Fading

Secure Outage Probability in the Presence of Two Eavesdroppe...

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2022 Global Information Infrastructure and Networking Symposium, GIIS 2022

作者： Yoo, Seong Ki Sofotasios, Paschalis C. Cotton, Simon L. Zhang, Lei Song, Jae Seung Ansari, Imran S. Centre for Future Transport and Cities Coventry University CoventryCV1 2TE United Kingdom Khalifa University Centre for Cyber-Physical Systems Eecs Department Abu Dhabi127 788 United Arab Emirates Tampere University Department of Electrical Engineering Tampere33101 Finland Centre for Wireless Innovation Ecit Institute Queen's University Belfast BelfastBT3 9DT United Kingdom Sejong University Software Engineering and Security Lab. Seoul Korea Republic of James Watt School of Engineering University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom

ISBN: (数字)9781665490955

ISBN: (纸本)9781665490955

We investigate the secure outage probability (SOP) in the presence of two eavesdroppers over F composite fading channels. The derived analytic results are relatively simple and their validity is justified through comparisons with respective simulation results. Subsequently, they are used to quantify the impact of the involved parameters on the achievable secure communication in the considered set up. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Fading channels

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A Reinforcement Learning Based Approach to Identify Resource Bottlenecks for Multiple Services Interactions in Cloud Computing Environments 16th

A Reinforcement Learning Based Approach to Identify Resource...

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16th EAI International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications, and Worksharing, CollaborateCom 2020

作者： Xu, Lingxiao Xu, Minxian Semmes, Richard Li, Hui Mu, Hong Gui, Shuangquan Tian, Wenhong Wu, Kui Buyya, Rajkumar School of Software and Information Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China Co. Ltd. Chengdu China Department of Computer Science University of Victoria Victoria Canada CLOUDS Lab School of Computing and Information Systems University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783030675394

Cloud service providers are provisioning resources including a variety of virtual machine instances to support customers that migrate their services to the cloud. From the customers’ perspective, selecting the appropriate amount of resources is tightly coupled with performance and cost. By identifying the potential resource bottlenecks in the early stage of the service deployment process, resource planning can be significantly optimized. However, due to the unpredictable workloads and heterogeneous resources, it is difficult to identify resource bottlenecks that can degrade system performance. To support system non-functional requirements (NFR) in a better manner, we propose a reinforcement learning based approach to support the NFR management of system concerning the multiple services interactions scenario by identifying the potential resource bottleneck and optimizing the demanded resources. The proposed approach can predict the resource bottleneck for multiple services interactions, e.g. bottleneck in CPU or overloads in specific service, and provide guidance for resource planning. We modeled and simulated the proposed approach using an extended version of the CloudSim toolkit. Comprehensive evaluations with realistic use case from Siemens Digital Industries software’s MindSphere Solution on AliCloud show that our proposed approach can achieve high accuracy in terms of performance metrics, such as response time, queries per second (QPS), and resource usage. © 2021, ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications engineering.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Boosting component-based synthesis with control structure recommendation 1

Boosting component-based synthesis with control structure re...

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1st ACM SIGSOFT International Workshop on Representation Learning for software engineering and Program Languages, RL+SE and PL 2020, co-located with ESEC/FSE 2020

作者： Liu, Binbin Dong, Wei Zhang, Yating Wang, Daiyan Liu, Jiaxin College of Computer Science National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Key Lab. of Software Engineering for Complex Systems College of Computer Science National University of Defense Technology Changsha China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450381253

Component-based synthesis is an important research field in program synthesis. API-based synthesis is a subfield of component-based synthesis, the component library of which are Java APIs. Unlike existing work in API-based synthesis that can only generate loop-free programs constituted by APIs, state-of-The-Art work FrAngel can generate programs with control structures. However, for the generation of control structures, it samples different types of control structures all at random. Given the information about the desired method (such as method name and input/output types), experienced programmers can have an initial thought about the possible control structures that could be used in implementing the desired method. The knowledge about control structures in the method can be learned from high-quality projects. In this paper, we propose a novel approach of recommending control structures for API-based synthesis based on deep learning. A neural network that can jointly embed the natural language description, method name, and input/output types into high-dimensional vectors to predict the possible control structures of the desired method is proposed. We integrate the prediction model into the synthesizer to improve the efficiency of synthesis. We train our model on a codebase of high-quality Java projects from GitHub. The prediction results of the neural network are fed to the API-based synthesizer to guide the sampling process of control structures. The experimental results on 40 programming tasks show that our approach can effectively improve the efficiency of synthesis. © 2020 ACM.

关键词： Efficiency

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Bridge the Gap between Supervised and Unsupervised Learning for Fine-Grained Classification

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wang, Jiabao Li, Yang Wei, Xiu-Shen Li, Hang Miao, Zhuang Zhang, Rui Army Engineering University of PLA Nanjing210007 China PCA Lab Key Lab of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Jiangsu Key Lab of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China State Key Lab. for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

Unsupervised learning technology has caught up with or even surpassed supervised learning technology in general object classification (GOC) and person re-identification (re-ID). However, it is found that the unsupervised learning of fine-grained visual classification (FGVC) is more challenging than GOC and person re-ID. In order to bridge the gap between unsupervised and supervised learning for FGVC, we investigate the essential factors (including feature extraction, clustering, and contrastive learning) for the performance gap between supervised and unsupervised FGVC. Furthermore, we propose a simple, effective, and practical method, termed as UFCL, to alleviate the gap. Three key issues are concerned and improved: First, we introduce a robust and powerful backbone, ResNet50-IBN, which has an ability of domain adaptation when we transfer ImageNet pre-trained models to FGVC tasks. Next, we propose to introduce HDBSCAN instead of DBSCAN to do clustering, which can generate better clusters for adjacent categories with fewer hyper-parameters. Finally, we propose a weighted feature agent and its updating mechanism to do contrastive learning by using the pseudo labels with inevitable noise, which can improve the optimization process of learning the parameters of the network. The effectiveness of our UFCL is verified on CUB-200-2011, Oxford-Flowers, Oxford-Pets, Stanford-Dogs, Stanford-Cars and FGVC-Aircraft datasets. Under the unsupervised FGVC setting, we achieve state-of-the-art results, and analyze the key factors and the important parameters to provide a practical guidance. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image classification

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Edge AI-Based Dynamic Treatment Strategy Generation Model for Consumer Healthcare Technology

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2024年

作者： Byeon, Haewon Alsaadi, Mahmood Quraishi, Aadam Shabaz, Mohammad Ahanger, Tariq Ahamed Keshta, Ismail Saidova, Feruza Soni, Mukesh Karumuri, Srinivasa Rao Inje University Department of AI and Software Gimhae50834 Korea Republic of Al-Maarif University College Department of computer science Al Anbar31001 Iraq Intervention Treatment Institute M.D. Research HoustonTX United States Model Institute of Engineering and Technology J and K Jammu India CoBA Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Department of Management Information Systems Saudi Arabia AlMaarefa University College of Applied Sciences Computer Science and Information Systems Department Riyadh Saudi Arabia Tashkent State University of Economics Department of Foreign languages Tashkent Uzbekistan Lovely Professional University Division of Research and Development Phagwara India VLSI-Microelectronics Lab Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Andhra Pradesh Vaddeswaram Guntur522302 India

Edge AI-based reinforcement learning is less reliant on mathematical models and relies on experience to help with the design and optimization of Consumer Technology models, making it ideal for learning dynamic treatment techniques. However, the current research still has the following problems: 1. The optimality of the learned strategy is considered without taking risks into account, leading to strategies with certain risks. 2. The issue of distribution shift is ignored, resulting in learned strategies that are completely different from those of doctors. 3. The patient's historical observational data and treatments are ignored, making it difficult to accurately assess the patient's state, which in turn leads to the inability to learn the optimal strategy. Based on this, we propose the DOSAC-DTR dynamic treatment strategy model, which integrates Dead-ends and offline monitoring into the Actor-Critic framework. First, we consider the risk of treatment actions recommended by the learned strategy and incorporate the concept of Dead-ends into the Actor-Critic framework. Second, to mitigate the distribution shift problem, we integrate physician monitoring into the Actor-Critic framework. This approach achieves better performance, resulting in lower estimated mortality rates and higher Jaccard index scores. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Limit-Cycle-Based Design of Formation Control for Mobile Agents

Limit-Cycle-Based Design of Formation Control for Mobile Age...

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作者： Wang, Chen Xia, Weiguo Xie, Guangming National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering Key Lab. of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment of Ministry of Education School of Control Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China State Key Laboratory of Turbulence and Complex Systems Intelligent Biomimetic Design Lab College of Engineering Peking University Beijing China

In this article, we study the formation problem for a group of mobile agents in a plane, in which the agents are required to maintain a distribution pattern, as well as to rotate around or remain static relative to a static/moving target. The prescribed distribution pattern is a class of general formations where the distances between neighboring agents or the distances between each agent and the target do not need to be equal. Each agent is modeled as a double integrator and can merely perceive the relative information of the target and its neighbors, and the acceleration of the target. In order to solve the formation problem, a limit-cycle-based controller design is delivered. We divide the overall control objective into two subobjectives, where the first is target circling that each agent keeps its own desired distance to the static/moving target as well as rotating around or remaining static relative to the target as expected, and the second is distribution adjustment that each agent maintains the desired distance to its neighbors. Then, we propose a controller comprised of two parts, where a limit cycle oscillator named a converging part is designed to deal with the first subobjective, while a layout part is introduced to address the second subobjective. One key merit of the controller is that it can be implemented by each agent in its local frame so that only local information is utilized without knowing global information. Theoretical analysis of the convergence to the desired formation, of which the agents are required to be evenly distributed on a circle around the target, is provided for the multiagent system under the proposed controller. Numerical simulations are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller for the cases of general formations, and to show that no collision between agents ever takes place throughout the system's evolution. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Multi agent systems

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