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Effects of delay profile of fading channels on the performance of WCDMA

Effects of delay profile of fading channels on the performan...

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2013 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications, ATC 2013

作者： Huynh, Huu Tue Li, Wei Fortier, Paul School of Electrical Engineering International University Vietnam National University Hochminh City Viet Nam Telecommunications and Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laval University Quebec City QC G1V 0A6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781479910861

This paper analyzes the effect of an indoor frequency selective fading channel, characterized by its power delay profile, on the performance of an asynchronous DS-CDMA system with high transmission rate (50 Mb/s or more). The bit error rate (BER) is determined by the characteristic function method and by Monte-Carlo simulations. The results show that when the rms delay spread is close to the transmitted symbol duration, the system performance degrades considerably and that the performance degradation strongly depends on the maximum delay spread. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Code division multiple access

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Localization of multiple simultaneous speakers by combining the information from different subbands

Localization of multiple simultaneous speakers by combining ...

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Iranian Conference on electrical engineering (ICEE)

作者： Ali Dehghan Firoozabadi Hamid Reza Abutalebi Speech Processing Research Laboratory(SPRL) Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Yazd University Yazd Iran

Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA)-based algorithms are the main methods for speech source localization. A category of these methods are based on Generalized Cross Correlation (GCC). These methods estimate the source location based on the calculated TDOA between microphones signals. The accuracy of these methods decreases as the amount of noise and reverberation increases. In this paper, we propose the utilization of subband processing for the localization of two simultaneous speech sources. While the conventional methods consider the whole signal spectrum identically in the localization procedure, the proposed method takes advantage of the differences in the frequency bands of the mixed speech for the localization of multiple speakers. Actually, the proposed method computes the GCC in the different frequency bands and then, combines the information from the subbands in a so-called smart manner. We have discussed several approaches for the combination of subband. The performance evaluations in different environmental conditions demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method compared to the fullband GCC method. The proposed method considerably increases the accuracy of simultaneous speaker localization.

关键词： Microphones Histograms Estimation speech Direction-of-arrival estimation Noise measurement Accuracy

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Sonifying HTML tables for audio-spatially enhanced non-visual navigation

Sonifying HTML tables for audio-spatially enhanced non-visua...

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IEEE Southeastcon

作者： Jonathan Cofino Armando Barreto Fatemeh Abyarjoo Francisco R. Ortega Digital Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida International University Miami FL USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479900527

Computing is now ubiquitous. Accessing the Internet is increasingly common from mobile devices through cellular networks. The Internet is now used for shopping, communicating, and for finding employment and housing. More information is readily available than at any time in human history; however, this information is often inaccessible to people with blindness or low-vision. In order to increase access to information for these individuals, information must be presentable in non-visual formats. Presently, screen readers are able to verbalize on-screen text using text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis; however, this vocalization is inadequate for browsing the Internet. Modern operating systems have generally relied on a graphical display and a mouse for interfacing. For individuals with vision loss, we propose to create and test an auditory interface that incorporates an auditory-spatial orientation with a standard keyboard for input. If information can be structured as a two-dimensional table, each link can be semantically grouped as a cell in a row within the auditory table. This provides a consistent structure for non-visual auditory navigation. After testing the auditory display prototype with 13 participants, it was shown that stereo panning was an effective technique for audiospatially orienting non-visual navigation through a five-row, six-column HTML table as compared to a centered, stationary synthesized voice. Rather than be left out of ubiquitous computing, blind and low-vision individuals may benefit from increased efficiency and accuracy in non-visual navigation. This finding may also stimulate interest in non-visual computing while performing other tasks, such as walking, eating, or driving.

关键词： Navigation Testing speech Browsers HTML Internet Arrays

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A single channel-single trial P300 detection algorithm

A single channel-single trial P300 detection algorithm

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Iranian Conference on electrical engineering (ICEE)

作者： Neda Haghighatpanah Rasoul Amirfattahi Vahid Abootalebi Behzad Nazari Digital signal processing research Laboratory department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Isfahan University of technology Isfahan Iran Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Yazd University Yazd Iran

A Brain computer Interface (BCI) system allows the users to communicate with their surroundings without using any muscle activity. Many of these systems are based on the analysis of Event Related Potentials (ERPs) such as P300. P300 speller is one of the common BCI systems which attract a lot of attention; however, there are still a lot of flaws in these systems which should be considered. Since ERPs such as P300 signals have a very low signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), single trial analysis of these signals is difficult and in many papers, denoising methods such as synchronous averaging were proposed to reduce random noise; however, it reduces the communication rate greatly. Another major problem in many BCI applications is the numerous number of channels needed to record EEG signals in order to have a reliable system. In this paper, a new method is presented to detect P300 signals through single channel data analysis and also it reaches an average accuracy of 65% in single trial P300 detection.

关键词： Electroencephalography Feature extraction Algorithm design and analysis Wavelet transforms Standards Detection algorithms Accuracy

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Relationship exploration among PPI, ATGP and VCA via theoretical analysis

Relationship exploration among PPI, ATGP and VCA via theoret...

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作者： Chang, Chein-I. Wen, Chia-Hsien Wu, Chao-Cheng Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory University of Maryland 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore MD 21250 United States Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Providence University Taichung Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Management Providence University 200 Taiwan Boulevard Shalu Dist. Taichung City 43301 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taipei University of Technology 1 Zhongxiao E. Rd. Taipei 106 Taiwan

The principle of orthogonality using orthogonal projection (OP) is the key concept to develop mean squared error estimation theory in signal processing and communications. It has also found its way in a wide variety of applications in hyperspectral imaging. This paper explores close relationships among three OP-based algorithms, pixel purity index (PPI), vertex component analysis (VCA) in endmember extraction, automatic target generation process (ATGP) in mixed pixel classification and target detection, etc. and further shows that they indeed can be interpreted one way or another. Specifically, VCA and ATGP are essentially the same algorithm in the sense that they both extract targets via maximal OP from a nested sequence of successive orthogonal subspace projection spaces. Copyright © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. Copyright © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Hyperspectral imaging

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Predictive analysis of two tone stream segregation via extended Kalman filter

Predictive analysis of two tone stream segregation via exten...

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Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)

作者： Debmalya Chakrabarty Mounya Elhilali Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory of Computational Audio Perception Center for Speech and Language Processing Johns Hopkins University MD USA

Hearing engages in a seemingly effortless way, complex processes that allow our brains to parse the acoustic environment around us into perceptual sound objects, in a phenomenon called streaming or stream segregation. In this paper, we explore the hypothesis that the auditory system relies on the regularity inherent to each stream to segregate it from other competing streams in the scene. Tracking these regularities is achieved via a recursive prediction that tracks the evolution of each stream, using a Kalman filtering approach. The proposed approach combines spectral analysis operating at the level of the auditory periphery with a temporal analysis using Kalman tracking. To incorporate nonlinear relationships in the signal patterns, we employ an extended Kalman filter. This scheme is tested on sinusoidal patterns, or the two tone paradigm. The combined spectral and temporal analysis developed here is able to predict perceptual results of stream segregation by human listeners in a two tone paradigm.

关键词： Indexes Kalman filters Frequency response

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Iron ore green pellet diameter measurement by using of image processing techniques

Iron ore green pellet diameter measurement by using of image...

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Iranian Conference on electrical engineering (ICEE)

作者： Mahdi Heydari Rassoul Amirfattahi Behzad Nazari Alireza Bastani Digital Signal processing Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran

Automatic Quality control is a vital process in many manufacturing process such as steel industry. Pellet size monitoring and control is a critical process which is done in steel making to improve quality of products. According to the technical reports, pellet size should be fall in the range of 9-16 mm in diameter. Larger or smaller pellets could degrade the final products and impose extra overheads to industry. In this paper, a new method is proposed for measuring the pellet size using practical Image processing algorithms. In this method, active contour with Chen-Vese method is used to eliminate the images backgrounds and achieving a distinguishable plot of the objects. After detecting distinct elements existing in the image, the number of pellets in each object is determined and each object is classified as singular, double, triple or more pellets using an SVM classifier. Finally, morphological methods are used to estimate the real size of pellets and the pellets size histogram is presented. This practical method was applied in Mobarakeh Steel Complex, where the method was tested on about 1000 prototypes. Results showed that we have 95.1% of accuracy for detection of one pellet elements and in classification by SVM 95.6% of elements were classified correctly.

关键词： Support vector machines Image edge detection Iron Active contours Finite impulse response filters Steel Accuracy

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Scalable user-adaptive multiview video coder

Scalable user-adaptive multiview video coder

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International Conference on Digital signal processing (DSP)

作者： Vladan Velisavljevic Jacob Chakareski Vladimir Stankovic Department of Computer Science & Technology University of Bedfordshire Luton UK Signal Processing Laboratory EPFL Lausanne Switzerland Department Electronic & Electrical Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK

ISBN: (纸本)9781467358064

We derive an optimization framework for joint view and rate scalable coding of multi-view video content represented in the texture plus depth format. The optimization enables the sender to select the subset of coded views and their encoding rates such that the aggregate distortion over a continuum of synthesized views is minimized. We construct the view-rate scalable bitstream such that it delivers optimal performance simultaneously over a discrete set of transmission rates. In conjunction, we develop a user interaction model that characterizes the view selection actions of the client as a Markov chain over a discrete state-space. Our scheme outperforms the state-of-the-art H.264 SVC codec as well as a multi-view wavelet-based coder equipped with a uniform rate allocation strategy, across all scenarios studied. Finally, we observed that the interactivity-aware coding delivers superior performance over conventional allocation techniques that do not anticipate the client's view selection actions in their operation.

关键词： Encoding Static VAr compensators Bit rate PSNR Cameras Resource management Codecs

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Unsupervised activity clustering to estimate energy expenditure with a single body sensor

Unsupervised activity clustering to estimate energy expendit...

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International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN)

作者： Shanshan Chen John Lach Oliver Amft Marco Altini Julien Penders Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville USA ACT Laboratory Signal Processing Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands IMEC Netherlands Eindhoven Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781479903313

Body sensor networks (BSNs) have provided the opportunity to monitor energy expenditure (EE) in daily life and with that information help reduce sedentary behavior and ultimately improve human health. Current approaches for EE estimation using BSNs require tedious annotation of activity types and multiple body sensor nodes during data collection and high accuracy activity classifiers during post processing. These drawbacks impede deploying this technology in daily life — the primary motivation of using BSNs to monitor EE. With the goal of achieving the highest EE estimation accuracy with the least invasiveness and data collection effort, this paper presents an unsupervised, single-node solution for data collection and activity clustering. Motivated by a previous finding that clusters of similar activities tend to have similar regression models for estimating EE, we apply unsupervised clustering to implicitly group activities with homogeneous features and generate specific regression models for each activity cluster without requiring manual annotation. The framework therefore does not require specific activity classification, hence eliminating activity type labels. With leave-one-subject-out cross-validation across 10 subjects, an RMSE of 0.96 kcal/min was achieved, which is comparable to the activity-specific model and improves upon a single regression model.

关键词： Feature extraction Data collection Accuracy Estimation Electrocardiography Accelerometers Heart rate

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Features for phoneme independent speaker identification

Features for phoneme independent speaker identification

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2012 3rd IEEE/IET International Conference on Audio, Language and Image processing, ICALIP 2012

作者： Wang, Jianglin Ji, An Johnson, Michael T. Speech and Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Marquette University Milwaukee WI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781467301718

This paper describes a unique cross-phoneme speaker identification experiment, using deliberately mismatched phoneme sets for training and testing. The underlying goal is to identify features that represent broad individually unique characteristics rather than those that represent phonetic differences, as are more typical of modern speaker identification and verification systems. A wide range of features are proposed and evaluated within this context using a Gaussian Mixture Model framework. The results show that log-area ratio has better phonetic independence than MFCCs, that residual phase carries substantial speaker information, and identifies several other features that also have usefulness for speaker identification independent of phonetic content. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Gaussian distribution

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