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AES 33rd International Conference: Audio Forensics-Theory and Practice

作者： Maher, Robert C. Shaw, Steven R. Digital Audio Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Montana State University Bozeman MT United States

Audio gunshot recordings can be helpful for crime scene reconstruction, estimation of the shooter's location and orientation, and verification of eyewitness accounts. The audio evidence can include the muzzle blast, the shock wave signature if the projectile is traveling at supersonic speed, and possibly even the characteristic sound of the firearm's mechanical action if the recording is obtained close to the shooting position. To investigate the acoustical phenomena associated with gunshot evidence, a systematic set of rifle shots were made from distances ranging from 10 meters to nearly 800 meters away from the recording microphone. This paper summarizes the primary acoustical evidence derived from these recorded gunshots, and suggests several strengths and weaknesses of gunshot analysis for forensic purposes.

关键词： Shock waves

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Block truncation signature coding for hyeprspectral analysis

Block truncation signature coding for hyeprspectral analysis

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Imaging Spectrometry XIII

作者： Chakravarty, Sumit Chang, Chein-I. Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819473066

This paper introduces a new signature coding which is designed based on the well-known Block Truncation Coding (BTC). It comprises of bit-maps of the signature blocks generated by different threshold criteria. Two new BTC-based algorithms are developed for signature coding, to be called Block Truncation Signature Coding (BTSC) and 2-level BTSC (2BTSC). In order to compare the developed BTC based algorithms with current binary signature coding schemes such as Spectral Program Analysis Manager (SPAM) developed by Mazer et al. and Spectral Feature-based Binary Coding (SFBC) by Qian et al, three different thresholding functions, local block mean, local block gradient, local block correlation are derived to improve the BTSC performance where the combined bit-maps generated by these thresholds can provide better spectral signature characterization. Experimental results reveal that the new BTC-based signature coding performs more effectively in characterizing spectral variations than currently available binary signature coding methods.

关键词： Managers

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Fast Blind Adaptive Channel Shortening Using signal Subspace

Fast Blind Adaptive Channel Shortening Using Signal Subspace

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： Mahdi Karami Ali Olfat Signal Processing & Communication Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Iran

In cyclic-prefixed communication systems, if the delay spread of the channel is longer than the cyclic prefix (CP) a channel-shortening equalizer (CSE) can be used to restore the desired operation of such systems. Since in time-varying environment we are interested in fast adaptive equalizer with tracking capability, the aim of this paper is to propose RLS-type algorithm for channel shortening. In this paper, we first propose an RLS-type algorithm to estimate the eigenvector corresponding to the smallest eigenvalue of a matrix and based on this algorithm we develop an RLS-type blind channel shortener. We also, based on PAST algorithm, propose an RLS-type update rule to shorten the channel under MMSE criterion. Simulations show the speed advantage of the proposed algorithms.

关键词： signal processing algorithms OFDM Nonlinear filters Equalizers Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Finite impulse response filter signal processing Adaptive signal processing Laboratories Delay systems

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Joint angle tracking with inertial sensors

Joint angle tracking with inertial sensors

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Mahmoud El-Gohary Sean Pearson James McNames Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Biomedical Signal Processing Laboratory Portland State University Portland OR USA

Many wearable inertial systems have been used to continuously track human movement in and outside of a laboratory. The number of sensors and the complexity of the algorithms used to measure position and orientation vary according to the clinical application. To calculate changes in orientation, researchers often integrate the angular velocity. However, a relatively small error in measured angular velocity leads to large integration errors. This restricts the time of accurate measurement to a few minutes. We have combined kinematic models designed for control of robotic arms with state space methods to directly and continuously estimate the joint angles from inertial sensors. These algorithms can be applied to any combination of sensors, can easily handle malfunctions or the loss of some sensor inputs, and can be used in either a real-time or an off-line processing mode with higher accuracy.

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A pyramid-based block of skewers for pixel purity index for endmember extraction in hyperspectral imagery

A pyramid-based block of skewers for pixel purity index for ...

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作者： Chang, Chein-I Hsueh, Mingkai Liu, Weimin Wu, Chao-Cheng Chaudhry, Farzeen Solyar, Gregory Plaza, Antonio Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 United States Computer Science Department University of Extremadura Avda. de la Universidad s/n 10.071 Caceres Spain

Pixel Purity Index (PPI) has been widely used for endmember extraction. Recently, an approach using blocks of skewers was proposed by Theiler et al., called blocks of skewers (BOS) method, to improve computation of the PPI. It utilizes a block of skewers to reduce number of calculations of dot products operated by the PPI on each skewers with all data sample vectors. Unfortunately, the BOS method also suffers from the same drawbacks that the PPI does in terms of several parameters which are needed to be determined a priori. Besides, it also has an additional parameter, block size, B needed to be determined where no guideline is provided of how to select this parameter. In this paper, the BOS method is also investigated. Most importantly, a new pyramid-based block design for the BOS method is also introduced as opposed to the cube-based block designed used by Theiler et al.'s BOS. One major advantage of our proposed pyramid-based BOS over Theiler et al.'s cube-design BOS is the hardware design for Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) implementation. © 2008 World Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： Pixels

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speech enhancement using a Kalman-based normalized LMS algorithm

Speech enhancement using a Kalman-based normalized LMS algor...

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International Symposium on Telecommunications, IST

作者： A. Mahmoodzadeh H. R. Abutalebi H. Agahi Signal Processing Research Laboratory Electrical Engineering Department Yazd University Yazd Iran Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Tehran Tehran Iran

This paper deals with the problem of Adaptive Noise Cancellation (ANC) for the speech signal corrupted with an additive white Gaussian noise. After explaining the least Mean Square (LMS)-based adaptive filter and Kalman filter, we examine the hybrid Kalman-based LMS (KLMS) technique for adaptation of the ANC. The proposed technique suggests a way to normalize LMS algorithm using Kalman filter. Our simulation shows that the KLMS method converges faster and is more stable compared to the LMS and its Normalized version, NLMS.

关键词： Artificial neural networks Least squares approximation Kalman filters speech speech enhancement Adaptive filters Noise

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Subjective evaluation of conversational multimedia quality in IP networks

Subjective evaluation of conversational multimedia quality i...

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IEEE Workshop on Multimedia signal processing

作者： Franz Brauer Muhammad Sarwar Ehsan Gernot Kubin Signal Processing and Speech Communication Laboratory Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Department of Electrical Engineering COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Lahore Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424422944

Human perception of Voice- and Video-over-IP connection quality is influenced by a lot of factors, first of all the network conditions like packet loss rate, delay and jitter but also others like the hard- and software (speech or video codec) in use. In this paper an experimental setup is developed which allows adjustment of certain network parameters to study their impact on the perceived conversational quality. Furthermore, the new LEGO reg model conversation test scenario is proposed that motivates two test persons to engage in highly interactive conversations with balanced use of both the audio and video modalities. The setup was used in a subjective assessment of different delay times and packet loss rates. The results of the assessment, which involved 28 test persons, are presented in terms of Mean Opinion Scores (MOS).

关键词： Delay NIST Buildings Codecs Software speech Streaming media

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Three-dimensional ISAR imaging based on antenna array

Three-dimensional ISAR imaging based on antenna array

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作者： Ma, Changzheng Yeo, Tat Soon Zhang, Qun Tan, Hwee Siang Wang, Jun IEEE School of Electric and Information Engineering Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore Institute of Telecommunication Engineering Air Force Engineering University Xi'an 710071 China National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing Xidian University Shaanxi 710071 China

In this paper, a 3-D inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging method based on an antenna array configuration is proposed. The performance of conventional interferometric ISAR imaging system using three antennas is poor, as the positions of scatterers, which have the same range-Doppler value and projected onto the ISAR plane as a synthesis scatterer, cannot be correctly estimated. However, by using two antenna arrays perpendicular to each other, the system's ability to separate these scatterers can be improved. The criterion for the selection of a range unit that contains an isolated scatterer in the 2-D array domain for doing motion compensation is discussed. If there is no range unit which contains only an isolated scatterer, then radial and cross-range motion compensation has to be carried out by motion parameter estimation. Two cross-range motion parameters measurement algorithms, one based on array processing of the range profile and another based on correlation of ISAR images of different antennas, are proposed. The coordinates registration problem for the scatterers of a synthesis scatterer is also discussed. Simulation results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed methods. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar

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Face verification algorithm based on combination of modular 2DPCA and CSLDA

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Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan/computer Research and Development 2008年第6期45卷 1029-1035页

作者： Yuan, Ning Wu, Xiaojun Wang, Shitong Yang, Jingyu Kittler, Josef School of Information Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China School of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China Center for Vision Speech and Signal Processing Department of Electrical Engineering University of Surrey Surrey GU2 7XH United Kingdom

An improved face verification algorithm is proposed based on the combination of modular 2DPCA and CSLDA in this paper. Feature extraction of client specific linear discriminant analysis (CSLDA) transforms an image matrix to a vector which causes great dimensionality and computational complexity. Furthermore, the local feature is not considered in CSLDA. Then the new method is studied to avoid the deficiency. The initial features are extracted with the original images which are divided into modular sub-images. The 2DPCA is performed to get the low dimensional features which can be computed conveniently. The local features are extracted efficiently using the proposed new method. Then CSLDA is utilized on the new pattern which is obtained through the modular 2DPCA to extract the final features. Compared with PCA, the discriminant information obtained from the between-class scatter matrix and within-class scatter matrix are included using CSLDA. Moreover, client specific subspace could describe the diversity of the different face better and has more robust discriminant information than the traditional LDA. The experimental results obtained on the facial database XM2VTS using the Lausanne protocol and the facial database ORL using the user-defined protocol show that the verification performance of the new method is superior to that of the primary method CSLDA.

关键词： Feature extraction

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User-guided interictal spike detection

User-guided interictal spike detection

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Mahmoud El-Gohary James McNames Siegward Elsas Biomedical Signal Processing Laboratory Portland State University Portland OR USA Biomedical Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland OR USA OHSU Augmentative Communication Clinic Oregon Health and Sciences University Portland OR USA

In the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy, long-term monitoring may be required to document and study interictal activities such as interictal spikes. However, visual inspection of the EEG done by an expert is too time consuming and researchers normally resort to automatic detection methods. We describe a new EEG user-guided interictal spike detection algorithm that only requires the user to annotate a few spikes. We use the annotations to build a template that captures the relevant features of spikes, and then use Mean Squared Error (MSE) test to detect all of the other spikes in the recording. The detected events are rank ordered so that the user can easily identify the true spikes and their time of occurrence. The true spikes are then annotated to the EEG signals and reported to the EEG expert for further evaluation. This design provides a compromise between the enormous time commitments necessary to annotate recordings by hand and the inability of fully-automatic spike detection algorithms to account for the variability between subjects. Because spike morphology and spatial distribution change considerably when patients go through cycles of wake and sleep in long-term monitoring, this detection algorithm uses multichannel multiple templates to detect more than one type of event. The algorithm is able to achieve an average sensitivity of 96% and an average of 4.8 false detections/ hour.

关键词： Electroencephalography Brain modeling Detectors Feature extraction signal processing algorithms Epilepsy Morphology

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