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Toward AI-Powered Edge Intelligence for Object Detection in Self-Driving Cars: Enhancing IoV Efficiency and Safety

IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 16990-16997页

作者： Imran Ahmed Misbah Ahmad Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi Abdellah Chehri Gwangill Jeon School of Computing and Information Science Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge U.K. Centre for Machine Vision Bristol Robotics Laboratory University of the West of England Bristol U.K. Department of Animal and Agriculture Hartpury University Gloucester U.K. College of Engineering and Physical Sciences Aston University Birmingham U.K. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Royal Military College of Canada Kingston ON Canada Department of Embedded Systems Engineering Incheon National University Incheon South Korea

In the rapidly advancing field of intelligent transportation systems, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with edge computing presents a promising way to enhance the safety and efficiency of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). This study explores and presents a deep learning-based object detection model within an edge computing framework which aims to facilitate real time object detection in self driving cars. Using an urban traffic scenarios-based dataset, our research shows the ability of the model to accurately detect and classify various objects important for autonomous driving. The YOLOv8 model is used in this work due to its optimal balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. This model has also demonstrated its worth by achieving good performance results, including an average precision of 0.79, a recall of 0.62, and an F1-score of 0.69. The results are demonstrated by a detailed confusion matrix, highlighting the model’s effectiveness in complex driving environments and underscoring its reliability for in-vehicle deployment. By implementing AI directly on edge devices within vehicles, our approach might be helpful in significantly reducing latency, boosting decision-making speed, and enhancing data privacy by minimising dependence on cloud processing. The findings not only support the model’s capabilities but also illustrate the practical benefits of edge intelligence in autonomous vehicles. These benefits, such as faster decision making and improved data privacy, contribute effectively to the IoV infrastructure. This study marks a substantial step toward recognizing the possibility of AI-enhanced edge computing in driving the next generation of autonomous vehicle technology.

关键词： Computational modeling Object detection Edge computing Image edge detection Artificial intelligence computer architecture Data models Accuracy Servers Safety

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Automatic Speaker Verification System Substantiating Children's Dialects in School Settings 7

Automatic Speaker Verification System Substantiating Childre...

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7th International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing, PDGC 2022

作者： Kadyan, Virender Bawa, Puneet Choudhary, Richa Dua, Bhushan Energy Acres Bidholi Uttarakhand Dehradun248007 India Centre of Excellence for Speech and Multimodal Laboratory Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh University Gharuan Punjab Mohali140413 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chandigarh University Gharuan Punjab Mohali140413 India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665454018

The usage of Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV) in educational contexts has grown as a result of measurements of the speech signal in the claimed identity's native tongue. Even though resource-rich languages have received a lot of attention, low-resource languages, like Punjabi, still require work to be done on the development of ASV systems. In this study, an effort has been put forth to create an ASV system based on an i-vector for children while authenticating the student's dialects in Punjab region. Additionally, it has been determined how changing the Universal Background Model (UBM) size and i-vector dimensionality for the proposed system would affect the performance measure i.e. Equal Error Rate (EER). Finally, the EER values for the Malwa and Majha regions were lower than expected, at 8.47% and 9.26%, respectively. However, the output shows a large EER of 14.25% in Doaba region in comparison to that of Malwa and Majha regions. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： speech recognition

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Counterfactual Data Augmentation with Denoising Diffusion for Graph Anomaly Detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xiao, Chunjing Pang, Shikang Xu, Xovee Li, Xuan Trajcevski, Goce Zhou, Fan The School of Computer and Information Engineering Henan University China The Henan Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing Henan University Kaifeng475004 China The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Chengdu610054 China The National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Synthetic Vision Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States

A critical aspect of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) is to enhance the node representations by aggregating node neighborhood information. However, when detecting anomalies, the representations of abnormal nodes are prone to be averaged by normal neighbors, making the learned anomaly representations less distinguishable. To tackle this issue, we propose CAGAD - an unsupervised Counterfactual data Augmentation method for Graph Anomaly Detection - which introduces a graph pointer neural network as the heterophilic node detector to identify potential anomalies whose neighborhoods are normal-node-dominant. For each identified potential anomaly, we design a graph-specific diffusion model to translate a part of its neighbors, which are probably normal, into anomalous ones. At last, we involve these translated neighbors in GNN neighborhood aggregation to produce counterfactual representations of anomalies. Through aggregating the translated anomalous neighbors, counterfactual representations become more distinguishable and further advocate detection performance. The experimental results on four datasets demonstrate that CAGAD significantly outperforms strong baselines, with an average improvement of 2.35% on F1, 2.53% on AUC-ROC, and 2.79% on AUC-PR. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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Support-Query Prototype Fusion Network for Few-shot Medical Image Segmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wu, Xiaoxiao Gao, Zhenguo Chen, Xiaowei Wang, Yakai Qu, Shulei Li, Na Department of Computer Science and Technology Huaqiao University No.668 Jimei Avenue Fujian Xiamen361021 China Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Huaqiao University No.668 Jimei Avenue Fujian Xiamen361021 China Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and Machine Learning Fujian Provincial Universities Fujian Xiamen361021 China

In recent years, deep learning based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has achieved remarkable success in many applications. However, their heavy reliance on extensive labeled data and limited generalization ability to unseen classes pose challenges to their suitability for medical image processing tasks. Few-shot learning, which utilizes a small amount of labeled data to generalize to unseen classes, has emerged as a critical research area, attracting substantial attention. Currently, most studies employ a prototype-based approach, in which prototypical networks are used to construct prototypes from the support set, guiding the processing of the query set to obtain the final results. While effective, this approach heavily relies on the support set while neglecting the query set, resulting in notable disparities within the model classes. To mitigate this drawback, we propose a novel Support-Query Prototype Fusion Network (SQPFNet). SQPFNet initially generates several support prototypes for the foreground areas of the support images, thus producing a coarse segmentation mask. Subsequently, a query prototype is constructed based on the coarse segmentation mask, additionally exploiting pattern information in the query set. Thus, SQPFNet constructs highquality support-query fused prototypes, upon which the query image is segmented to obtain the final refined query mask. Evaluation results on two public datasets, SABS and CMR, show that SQPFNet achieves state-of-the-art performance. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Image segmentation

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SciDFM: A Large Language Model with Mixture-of-Experts for science

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Sun, Liangtai Luo, Danyu Ma, Da Zhao, Zihan Chen, Baocai Shen, Zhennan Zhu, Su Chen, Lu Chen, Xin Yu, Kai X-LANCE Lab Department of Computer Science and Engineering MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence SJTU AI Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Suzhou Laboratory Suzhou China AI Speech Co .Ltd. Suzhou China

Recently, there has been a significant upsurge of interest in leveraging large language models (LLMs) to assist scientific discovery. However, most LLMs only focus on general science, while they lack domain-specific knowledge, such as chemical molecules and amino acid sequences. To bridge these gaps, we introduce SciDFM, a mixture-of-experts LLM, which is trained from scratch and is able to conduct college-level scientific reasoning and understand molecules and amino acid sequences. We collect a large-scale training corpus containing numerous scientific papers and books from different disciplines as well as data from domain-specific databases. We further fine-tune the pre-trained model on lots of instruction data to improve performances on downstream benchmarks. From experiment results, we show that SciDFM achieves strong performance on general scientific benchmarks such as SciEval and SciQ, and it reaches a SOTA performance on domain-specific benchmarks among models of similar size. We further analyze the expert layers and show that the results of expert selection vary with data from different disciplines. To benefit the broader research community, we open-source SciDFM at https://***/OpenDFM/SciDFM-MoE-A5.6B-v1.0. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Benchmarking

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Efficient Single-Image Depth Estimation on Mobile Devices, Mobile AI & AIM 2022 Challenge: Report 17th

Efficient Single-Image Depth Estimation on Mobile Devices, ...

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17th European Conference on computer vision, ECCV 2022

作者： Ignatov, Andrey Malivenko, Grigory Timofte, Radu Treszczotko, Lukasz Chang, Xin Ksiazek, Piotr Lopuszynski, Michal Pioro, Maciej Rudnicki, Rafal Smyl, Maciej Ma, Yujie Li, Zhenyu Chen, Zehui Xu, Jialei Liu, Xianming Jiang, Junjun Shi, XueChao Xu, Difan Li, Yanan Wang, Xiaotao Lei, Lei Zhang, Ziyu Wang, Yicheng Huang, Zilong Luo, Guozhong Yu, Gang Fu, Bin Li, Jiaqi Wang, Yiran Huang, Zihao Cao, Zhiguo Conde, Marcos V. Sapozhnikov, Denis Lee, Byeong Hyun Park, Dongwon Hong, Seongmin Lee, Joonhee Lee, Seunggyu Chun, Se Young Computer Vision Lab ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland AI Witchlabs Zollikerberg Switzerland University of Wuerzburg Wuerzburg Germany TCL Research Europe Warsaw Poland Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Xiaomi Inc. Beijing China Tencent GY-Lab Shenzhen China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9783031250651

Various depth estimation models are now widely used on many mobile and IoT devices for image segmentation, bokeh effect rendering, object tracking and many other mobile tasks. Thus, it is very crucial to have efficient and accurate depth estimation models that can run fast on low-power mobile chipsets. In this Mobile AI challenge, the target was to develop deep learning-based single image depth estimation solutions that can show a real-time performance on IoT platforms and smartphones. For this, the participants used a large-scale RGB-to-depth dataset that was collected with the ZED stereo camera capable to generated depth maps for objects located at up to 50 m. The runtime of all models was evaluated on the Raspberry Pi 4 platform, where the developed solutions were able to generate VGA resolution depth maps at up to 27 FPS while achieving high fidelity results. All models developed in the challenge are also compatible with any Android or Linux-based mobile devices, their detailed description is provided in this paper. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Zero-Shot Audio Captioning Using Soft and Hard Prompts

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Yiming Xu, Xuenan Du, Ruoyi Liu, Haohe Dong, Yuan Tan, Zheng-Hua Wang, Wenwu Ma, Zhanyu The Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China The Department of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Aalborg9220 Denmark The Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing University of Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom

In traditional audio captioning methods, a model is usually trained in a fully supervised manner using a human-annotated dataset containing audio-text pairs and then evaluated on the test sets from the same dataset. Such methods have two limitations. First, these methods are often data-hungry and require time-consuming and expensive human annotations to obtain audio-text pairs. Second, these models often suffer from performance degradation in cross-domain scenarios, i.e., when the input audio comes from a different domain than the training set, which, however, has received little attention. We propose an effective audio captioning method based on the contrastive language-audio pre-training (CLAP) model to address these issues. Our proposed method requires only textual data for training, enabling the model to generate text from the textual feature in the cross-modal semantic space. In the inference stage, the model generates the descriptive text for the given audio from the audio feature by leveraging the audio-text alignment from CLAP. We devise two strategies to mitigate the discrepancy between text and audio embeddings: a mixed-augmentation-based soft prompt and a retrieval-based acoustic-aware hard prompt. These approaches are designed to enhance the generalization performance of our proposed model, facilitating the model to generate captions more robustly and accurately. Extensive experiments on AudioCaps and Clotho benchmarks show the effectiveness of our proposed method, which outperforms other zero-shot audio captioning approaches for in-domain scenarios and outperforms the compared methods for cross-domain scenarios, underscoring the generalization ability of our method. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Semantics

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NDD: A 3D Point Cloud Descriptor Based on Normal Distribution for Loop Closure Detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhou, Ruihao He, Li Zhang, Hong Lin, Xubin Guan, Yisheng The Department of Electromechanical Engineering Guangdong University of Technology China The Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Robotics and Computer Vision China

Loop closure detection is a key technology for long-term robot navigation in complex environments. In this paper, we present a global descriptor, named Normal Distribution Descriptor (NDD), for 3D point cloud loop closure detection. The descriptor encodes both the probability density score and entropy of a point cloud as the descriptor. We also propose a fast rotation alignment process and use correlation coefficient as the similarity between descriptors. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art point cloud descriptors in both accuracy and efficency. The source code is available and can be integrated into existing LiDAR odometry and mapping (LOAM) systems. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Normal distribution

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Context Unaware Knowledge Distillation for Image Retrieval

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Reddy, Bytasandram Yaswanth Dubey, Shiv Ram Sanodiya, Rakesh Kumar Karn, Ravi Ranjan Prasad Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Chittoor Sri City India Computer Vision and Biometrics Laboratory Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad India

Existing data-dependent hashing methods use large backbone networks with millions of parameters and are computationally complex. Existing knowledge distillation methods use logits and other features of the deep (teacher) model and as knowledge for the compact (student) model, which requires the teacher’s network to be fine-tuned on the context in parallel with the student model on the context. Training teacher on the target context requires more time and computational resources. In this paper, we propose context unaware knowledge distillation that uses the knowledge of the teacher model without fine-tuning it on the target context. We also propose a new efficient student model architecture for knowledge distillation. The proposed approach follows a two-step process. The first step involves pre-training the student model with the help of context unaware knowledge distillation from the teacher model. The second step involves fine-tuning the student model on the context of image retrieval. In order to show the efficacy of the proposed approach, we compare the retrieval results, no. of parameters and no. of operations of the student models with the teacher models under different retrieval frameworks, including deep cauchy hashing (DCH) and central similarity quantization (CSQ). The experimental results confirm that the proposed approach provides a promising trade-off between the retrieval results and efficiency. The code used in this paper is released publicly at https://***/satoru2001/CUKDFIR. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distillation

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Robust 3D Face Alignment with Multi-Path Neural Architecture Search

Robust 3D Face Alignment with Multi-Path Neural Architecture...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

作者： Zhichao Jiang Hongsong Wang Xi Teng Baopu Li Institute of Deep Learning (IDL) Baidu Beijing China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Interdisciplinary Applications Southeast University Nanjing China Computer Vision Technology Institution Baidu Beijing China Baidu Research Baidu Sunnyvale USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350390155

ISBN: (纸本)9798350390162

3D face alignment is a very challenging and fundamental problem in computer vision. Existing deep learning-based methods manually design different networks to regress either parameters of a 3D face model or 3D positions of face vertices. However, designing such networks relies on expert knowledge, and these methods often struggle to produce consistent results across various face poses. To address this limitation, we employ Neural Architecture Search (NAS) to automatically discover the optimal architecture for 3D face alignment. We propose a novel Multi-path One-shot Neural Architecture Search (MONAS) framework that leverages multi-scale features and contextual information to enhance face alignment across various poses. The MONAS comprises two key algorithms: Multi-path Networks Unbiased Sampling Based Training and Simulated Annealing based Multi-path One-shot Search. Experimental results on three popular benchmarks demonstrate the superior performance of the MONAS for both sparse alignment and dense alignment.

关键词： Training Learning systems Solid modeling computer vision Three-dimensional displays Neural networks Simulated annealing Network architecture Search problems Faces

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