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Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Nuclear Closed Air Brayton Cycle 1

23rd Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference, PBNC 2022

作者： Fang, Huawei Yi, Jingwei Zhang, Xiaoyu Liang, Tiebo Qian, Yiran Tang, Xin Chen, Weixiong Key Laboratory of Nuclear Reactor System Design Technology Nuclear Power Institute of China Sichuan Chengdu China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an China

ISBN: (数字)9789811988998

ISBN: (纸本)9789811988981

In order to improve the flexibility and adaptability of micro nuclear power systems, air is considered as an optional working fluid of nuclear Brayton cycle. It has ability to avoid shortage of working fluid under extreme conditions, and ensure the system operating with tight supply. Compared with the traditional open cycles, the closed cycle has advantages of higher cycle efficiency, smaller equipment size and higher power density. Few of closed air power cycle in nuclear power system has been studied by now. In this paper, cycle parameters were analyzed and designed, and optimal cycle performance was compared between cycle constructions. Four closed air Brayton cycles are proposed and modeled in EBSILON 15.0, including simple regenerative cycle (SRC), intercooling regenerative cycle (IRC), reheat regenerative cycle (RRC) and intercooling-reheat regenerative cycle (IRRC). Thermodynamic analysis of the key parameters is conducted, including pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature, compressor inlet temperature and pressure. In addition, the genetic algorithm (GA) is applied for multi-parameters optimization for the maximal cycle efficiency. Result shows that with the increase of pressure ratio, the efficiency of SRC increases firstly and then decreases. With the increase of turbine inlet temperature, the pressure ratio corresponding to the maximal cycle efficiency increases gradually. Specific work gradually increases with pressure ratio. In higher turbine inlet temperature, the rising velocity of specific work is faster. Cycle efficiency increases with compressor inlet pressure, and this trend tend to be slower in high pressure region. With the increasing of compressor inlet pressure, optimal pressure ratio decreases and finally approaches to 2.0. The cycle minimal cycle pressure was selected as 6 MPa. Maximal efficiency and corresponding pressure ratio increase with turbine inlet temperature increasing and decrease with compressor inlet temperature increasing. Co

关键词： Air

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利用三元合金保护和催化的硅光阳极与廉价硅太阳能电池相结合实现12.0%的太阳能制氢效率

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engineering 2023年第6期25卷 128-137,M0006页

作者：何凌云洪欣王亦清邢众航耿嘉峰郭鹏慧苏进展沈少华 International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

n型硅(n-Si)表面在水溶液中容易被氧化和钝化,导致其在光电化学(PEC)分解水的析氧反应(OER)动力学缓慢。本工作通过欠电位沉积成功地在p^(+)n-Si基底上电沉积了三金属Ni_(0.9)Fe_(0.05)Co_(0.05)保护层。制备的Ni_(0.9)Fe_(0.05)Co_(0.0... 详细信息

n型硅(n-Si)表面在水溶液中容易被氧化和钝化,导致其在光电化学(PEC)分解水的析氧反应(OER)动力学缓慢。本工作通过欠电位沉积成功地在p^(+)n-Si基底上电沉积了三金属Ni_(0.9)Fe_(0.05)Co_(0.05)保护层。制备的Ni_(0.9)Fe_(0.05)Co_(0.05)/p^(+)n-Si光阳极具有优异的稳定性和PEC水氧化活性,具有相对低的OER起始电位(相对于可逆氢电极电势(RHE)仅为0.938 V),并且在1.23 V ***电位时具有较高的光电流密度(33.1 m A·cm^(-2)),显著优于Ni/p^(+)n-Si光阳极。工作证明了Fe在Ni层的掺杂会在Ni_(0.9)Fe_(0.05)Co_(0.05)/p^(+)n-Si界面处产生较大的能带弯曲,促进界面电荷分离。此外,Co的加入会产生丰富的Ni^(3+)和氧空位(Ov),作为活性位点可以加速OER动力学过程,协同促进PEC过程中的水氧化的活性。令人鼓舞的是,通过将Ni_(0.9)Fe_(0.05)Co_(0.05)/p^(+)n-Si光阳极连接到廉价的硅太阳能电池上,所制备的集成光伏/PEC(PV/PEC)器件实现了无偏压下高达12.0%的太阳制氢能量转换效率。这项工作提供了一种简单的方法来设计高效、稳定的n-Si基光阳极,并对其构效关系有了深刻的理解;这种方法制备的材料在集成低成本PV/PEC器件用于无辅助太阳能驱动水分解方面具有巨大的潜力。

关键词：欠电位沉积电极电势阳极连接硅太阳能电池能量转换效率太阳能制氢能带弯曲光阳极

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Comparison of Dynamical System Scaling and Hierarchical Two-Tiered Scaling applications with Definite Solution Analogy Theory to the passive residual heat removal system of Fluoride-Salt-cooled high-Temperature Advanced Reactor 20

Comparison of Dynamical System Scaling and Hierarchical Two-...

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20th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, NURETH 2023

作者： Li, Xinyu Zhang, Dalin Zhou, Xingguang Lv, Xindi Jiang, Dianqiang Wu, Zhiyuan Li, Sijun Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, G.H. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780894487934

The Passive Residual Heat Removal System (PRHRS) of Fluoride-Salt-cooled high-Temperature Advanced Reactor (FuSTAR) has already been designed and scaled by the Hierarchical Two-Tiered Scaling (H2TS).However, considering the difficulties to identify the distortion of the dynamic response, the Dynamical System Scaling(DSS) method was also adopted for comparison in this ***, based on the dimensionless governing equations without any common assumptions of the natural cycle process in PRHRS, the Definite Solution Analogy Theory (DSAT) was put forward in this study to calibrate dimensionless numbers based on differential *** the parameters of geometric and thermohydraulics were re-evaluated by the DSS method and compared with those from the H2TS *** results show that H2TS and DSS are equivalent in experimental design results under the constraint of *** H2TS method is better at accurately quantifying the deviation item by item, while the DSS method can find the most suitable experimental structure more quickly. © 2023 Proceedings of the 20th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, NURETH 2023. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hierarchical systems

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Influence of active and passive equipment for advanced pressurized water reactor on thermal hydraulic and source term behavior in severe accidents

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Energy Storage and Saving 2023年第1期2卷 392-402页

作者： Jishen Li Bin Zhang School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

Extensive studies have been carried out on the behavior of core degradation and fission products of common pressurized water reactors(PWRs).However,few of them have investigated the relationship between thermal hydraulic and fission product behavior in advanced passive *** to the impact of thermal hydraulic be-haviors in different accident sequences on the release and transportation of fission products,an integrated severe accident analysis(ISAA)code with highly coupled thermal hydraulic and source term calculations is required to simultaneously analyze thermal hydraulic and source term *** advanced passive PWRs,important safety systems that may affect the behavior of the core and fission products should be *** is therefore necessary to simulate the thermal hydraulic and fission product behavior of advanced passive *** this study,the ISAA code is adopted to simulate the occurrence of a hypothetical double ended cold leg LBLOCA of HPR1000 in three scenarios of equipment *** results show that the high-temperature fuel rods and cladding ma-terials exhibit delayed failure at the lower position of the active core,whereas earlier failure at higher position during the *** and passive equipment affects fuel temperature,the oxidation conditions of the fuel,the interaction of fission products and structural materials,and the state of the fuel,thereby affecting the release of fission products in the ***1000 only relies on passive equipment to relieve the core degradation in severe accidents,realize the in-vessel retention of melt,and eliminate the ex-vessel release possibility of fission *** is hoped that the results can provide references for HPR1000 to formulate the severe accident management guidelines(SAMG).

关键词： Nuclear safety LBLOCA Severe accident Source term HPR1000 Active and passive equipment

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Sustainability Assessment of Typical Energy Storage Technologies for Peak Shaving Scenarios Based on the Full Life Cycle 36

Sustainability Assessment of Typical Energy Storage Technolo...

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36th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, ECOS 2023

作者： Chen, Nana Han, Xiaoqu Li, Yanxin Huang, Xiaofan Li, Jiarui Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781713874928

With more renewable energy sources (RES) which are inherent intermittent and unpredictable connecting with power grid, various stability problems occur, among which the peak load regulation is the most prominent. Energy storage systems (ESSs) are essential for buffering the electricity grid. Selecting the most suitable energy storage technology among various alternatives is of great importance. In this work, the sustainability of typical energy storage technologies was studied with respect to four aspects for peak shaving scenarios, including technical (i.e. maturity, energy density, round-trip efficiency, duration ranges, life cycles, lifetime and position flexibility), economic (levelized cost of energy, net present value), environmental (i.e. global warming, damage to human health, damage to ecosystems, damage to resource availability) and social (public acceptance) based on the full life cycle. This study evaluated the soft criteria including maturity, position flexibility and public acceptance by Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC) methods were combined to study the life-cycle environmental and economic performance. Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) was applied for determining the sustainability prioritization of energy storage technologies. The sensitivity analysis was carried out to investigate the effects of control and economic input parameters on environmental performance and economic performance. In addition, the effects of criteria weights, electricity sources and number of daily cycles were conducted on sustainability ranking of ESSs. The results showed Lithium iron phosphate battery (LIPB) and pumped hydro storage (PHS) had good sustainability performance, which could be the most suitable energy storage technologies for peak shaving scenarios. © (2023) by ECOS 2023 All rights reserved.

关键词： Life cycle

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Experimental Investigation on Sodium Migration and Mineral Transformation in Ash Deposit During Gasification of Zhundong Coal Using a Drop Tube Furnace 9th

Experimental Investigation on Sodium Migration and Mineral T...

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9th International Symposium on Coal Combustion, ISCC 2019

作者： Liu, Chengchang Wang, Chang’an Wang, Chaowei Du, Yongbo Tang, Guantao Li, Guangyu Che, Defu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811616563

Zhundong coal has attracted an ever-increasing concern due to its super-huge reserve but high content of alkali metals. Volatilized into the gaseous phase during the gasification process, alkali metals are extremely unfavorable for coal utilization. Gasification technology can promote the large-scale utilization of high-alkali coal. However, few efforts, if any, have been conducted on gasification of Zhundong coal. The present study aimed to elucidate the sodium migration and mineral transformation characteristics in coal ash deposition process under different gasification conditions, while the behavior of sodium migration and mineral transformation were further analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. In this paper, the sodium migration characteristics in gasification process under different conditions were investigated by adding three sodium salts (NaCl, Na2CO3 and Na2SO4), kaolin and diatomite into coal, respectively. The effects of ash deposition time on sodium migration and mineral transformation characteristics in ash were also explored. The experimental results showed that the addition of sodium salt could increase the sodium content in the ash to a large extent. Kaolin and diatomite could solidify alkali metals in the gaseous phase during gasification process. As the ash accumulation time increased, the minerals such as chlorine, sulphur, and iron in the gaseous phase were easily bonded to the surface of the ash and reacted to form other crystal phases. The present study can provide guidance for the utilization of Zhundong coal and benefit the development of clean coal technology. © 2022, Tsinghua University Press.

关键词： Coal

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Investigation on the Parallel Computing Technique Using on the Numerical Simulation of Carbon Free Fuel 4

Investigation on the Parallel Computing Technique Using on t...

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4th International Conference on Information Science, Parallel and Distributed Systems, ISPDS 2023

作者： Wang, Weibin Wei, Xutao Xi'an Fanyi University Department of Computer Science Xi'an China Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337181

The numerical simulation of the turbulent combustion is identified as one of the most promising methods on the designs of the combustion devices, for example: the internal combustion engine and gas turbine. This mainly depends on the development of parallel computing technique. However, the computational efficiency for different cases on different compute nodes and number of cores still needs to be studied. On the other hand, due to the requirements from the aim of peaking carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060, modern energy system is requesting low carbon or carbon free fuels, such as ammonia (NH3). Therefore, the simulations of ammonia/air flame were performed in present investigation. The comparison between simulation cases on different compute nodes and number of cores illustrates that different cases requires different number of cores to achieve the best computational efficiency. The computational efficiency of each compute nodes are dissimilar, which can decrease the efficiency. Meanwhile, the methods in present study can predict the ammonia/air flames. The initial condition of velocity fluctuation is necessary for simulating turbulent flame. The wrinkles of the flames can be well predicted by the velocity fluctuation initial boundary condition. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Computational efficiency

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Proposal design and thermodynamic analysis on a novel coal-based power generation system integrated with CO2 capture 3

Proposal design and thermodynamic analysis on a novel coal-b...

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3rd International Conference on Electrical engineering and Mechatronics Technology, ICEEMT 2023

作者： Gao, Guobin Mu, Ruiqi Yang, Yali Yan, Lei Gao, Jun Liu, Ming Guoneng Jinjie Energy Co. Ltd Yulin China Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350303698

To enhance the energy efficiency and decrease the carbon emissions, a novel coal-based power generation system integrated with CO2 capture is proposed in this study. The S-CO2 cycle is integrated to recover the waster heat of system effectively. The heat transfer processes are well matched, and the irreversibility of heat exchangers in the system is reduced by splitting working medium appropriately. The system simulation and thermodynamic analysis models are developed. The energy and exergy efficiency of system are 51.32% and 50.07%, respectively. The system efficiency increases with the increase of the coal water slurry concentration (CWSC) and the decrease of the gasification temperature. When the CWSC is 35% and gasification temperature is 500 °C, the exergy efficiency of system reaches 51.74% and 50.59%, respectively. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Numerical Simulation on Combustion Characteristics of Co-Firing Biomass Syngas and Coal in a 660 MW Utility Tower Boiler 9th

Numerical Simulation on Combustion Characteristics of Co-Fir...

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9th International Symposium on Coal Combustion, ISCC 2019

作者： Ma, Shihao Zhang, Yan Zhu, Zhengrong Deng, Lei Che, Defu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811616563

Utilize the biomass energy and adopt carbon capture and storage technologies could reduce the CO2 emission effectively. Biomass gasification is an effective ways to use the biomass. Co-firing biomass syngas with pulverized coal under oxy-fuel condition in utility boiler can combine the two advantages to reduce the CO2 emission. In this paper, a new proposed combustion mechanism was used to investigate the combustion characteristics of co-firing different types biomass syngas and coal in a 660 MW double reheat tower boiler. The influence of syngas composition and oxy-fuel condition on temperature distributions and flue gas components was analyzed when total input heat of the boiler was steady. The results show that the temperature and the emission of the NO and CO2 decrease in co-firing conditions, the NO mass concentration reduced up to 10.2% in co-firing cases. Biomass syngas with higher H2 and less CO and CH4 composition contributes to lower CO2 emission and higher boiler temperature, which can improve plant performance. The oxy-fuel condition also affects the combustion characteristics to some extent. With the increase of O2 volume fraction, the temperature increases and the O2 consumption decreases. Moreover, the NO mass concentration increases in oxy-fuel combustion when co-firing biomass syngas and coal with a mixing ratio of 0.1. This study offers reference for boiler’s operation and design optimization for biomass syngas co-firing. © 2022, Tsinghua University Press.

关键词： Coal

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Simulation Investigation on NOx Emission Characteristics and Mechanisms During Co-combustion of Fossil Fuels with Different Fuel-Nitrogen Distributions via CHEMKIN 9th

Simulation Investigation on NOx Emission Characteristics and...

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9th International Symposium on Coal Combustion, ISCC 2019

作者： Wang, Chaowei Wang, Chang’an Zhao, Lin Yuan, Maobo Wang, Pengqian Du, Yongbo Che, Defu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811616563

There are over 100 million tons of semi-coke produced in China every year, and use of the semi-coke in utility coal-fired boilers is a promising approach. In this paper, a blending model of semi-coke and bituminous coal was established via CHEMKIN. The NOx emission was investigated by analyses of sensitivity and production rate, while the effects of stoichiometric ratio of main combustion zone, blending ratio, and combustion temperature on migration of fuel nitrogen were further elucidated. The simulation results showed that the conversion ratio of NOx increased monotonically with an increase in the stoichiometric ratio of main combustion zone. The temperature of plug flow reactor (PFR) I exhibited a significant effect on NOx emission, but other reactors had limited influences. The NOx conversion ratio was enlarged with the increase of semi-coke blending ratio. The influence of blending proportion on NOx emission was significant when the stoichiometric ratio of main combustion zone was small. Compared with high blending ratio, the main reactions with low blending ratio had stronger inhibitory effect on the formation of NO. The present study was of guiding significance for reducing NOx emission in the utility boilers co-firing semi-coke. © 2022, Tsinghua University Press.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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