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Science Bulletin 2023年第9期68卷 946-960,M0004页

作者：蔡文炬高立宝罗义勇李熙晨郑小童张学斌程旭华贾凡 Ariaan Purich Agus Santoso 杜岩 David MHolland 石佳睿项宝强谢尚平 Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for Ocean and Climate Dynamics Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Center for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO)Oceans and AtmosphereHobart 7004Australia First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Climate Change Research Centre University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou 511458China Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York UniversityNew York NY 10012USA Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA 02543USA NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton NJ 08540USA University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80307USA Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San DiegoLa Jolla CA 92093USA

过去几十年南大洋在南极平流层臭氧消耗和大气二氧化碳浓度增加的共同作用下大幅增暖,显著影响着南极冰架和冰盖的融化、海平面上升、南北半球的降水分配以及热带海洋和大气环流等,引发了深远的气候效应.全球变暖背景下南大洋西风表现... 详细信息

过去几十年南大洋在南极平流层臭氧消耗和大气二氧化碳浓度增加的共同作用下大幅增暖,显著影响着南极冰架和冰盖的融化、海平面上升、南北半球的降水分配以及热带海洋和大气环流等,引发了深远的气候效应.全球变暖背景下南大洋西风表现为极向加强,同时进入南大洋的热辐射和淡水通量持续增加,由此上翻的海水可吸收更多的热量和碳,经由更强的平均流向北输送,更多地在45°S附近海域下沉并存储.当前对南大洋增暖背后诸多复杂的物理过程仍缺乏足够的理解,比如来自冰架、冰盖及海洋涡旋的作用、热带-极地相互作用、南大洋本身对全球变暖的响应等,尤其是有限的观测数据和较低分辨率的模式无法准确呈现快速变化的物理现象和机理.因此,南大洋的未来增暖存在很大的不确定性且可能长期持续,但近期的进展为深入认知南大洋增暖及其气候影响奠定了坚实的基础.

关键词：平流层臭氧南大洋物理现象物理过程全球变暖热带海洋南北半球低分辨率

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Multi-Hypothesis GNSS Error Estimation for Train Localization Safety Boundary Generation

Multi-Hypothesis GNSS Error Estimation for Train Localizatio...

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第32届中国过程控制会议(CPCC2021)

作者： Debiao Lu Baigen Cai Dezhang Tang Jian Wang Jiang Liu Beijing Engineering Research Center of EMC and GNSS Technology for Rail Transport School of Electronic and Information EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong University Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System Beijing Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University

The railway signalling system requires accurate and dependable train location perception for train operation and *** locations bounded with accuracy levels are the inputs for the train operation *** uncertainty quantification quality brings possibility for safety assessment of GNSS-based train control *** paper presents a localization uncertainty estimation method,the location uncertainties are used to generate safety boundary of the location together with environmental scenario parameters and *** multi-hypothesis method considering the historical location data in the specific environment to generate the fitting error distribution is applied as the basis for measurement uncertainty estimation,with the inherent error,the hypothesis testing results and the horizontal protection level estimation using the acceptable integrity risk as the main parameter,the method is validated using experiment data collected at the Beijing-Shenyang high speed railway *** both satellite reception good and bad environmental scenarios,compared to the sensor fusion results provided by the reference system,the safety boundary in both scenarios is consistent to the error propagation.

关键词： GNSS Train Localization Safety Boundary Environmental Scenario

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On dissipation timescales of the basic second-order moments: the effect on the energy and flux budget (EFB) turbulence closure for stably stratified turbulence

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Kadantsev, Evgeny Mortikov, Evgeny Glazunov, Andrey Kleeorin, Nathan Rogachevskii, Igor Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki00101 Finland Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of Science University of Helsinki Helsinki00014 Finland Research Computing Center Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow117192 Russia Institute of Numerical Mathematics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow119991 Russia Moscow Center of Fundamental and Applied Mathematics Moscow117192 Russia Department of Mechanical Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O. Box 653 Beer-Sheva8410530 Israel Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation Russian Academy of Sciences Troitsk Moscow108840 Russia Nordita Stockholm University KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm10691 Sweden

The dissipation rates of the basic second-order moments are the key parameters playing a vital role in turbulence modelling and controlling turbulence energetics and spectra and turbulent fluxes of momentum and heat. In this paper, we use the results of direct numerical simulations (DNSs) to evaluate dissipation rates of the basic second-order moments and revise the energy and flux budget (EFB) turbulence closure theory for stably stratified turbulence. We delve into the theoretical implications of this approach and substantiate our closure hypotheses through DNS data. We also show why the concept of down-gradient turbulent transport becomes incomplete when applied to the vertical turbulent flux of potential temperature under stable stratification. We reveal essential feedback between the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), the vertical turbulent flux of buoyancy, and the turbulent potential energy (TPE), which is responsible for maintaining shear-produced stably stratified turbulence for any Richardson number. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Kinetic energy

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On Nash-Stackelberg-Nash Games under Decision-Dependent Uncertainties: Model and Equilibrium

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhang, Yunfan Liu, Feng Wang, Zhaojian Chen, Yue Feng, Shuanglei Wu, Qiuwei Hou, Yunhe State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China MOE Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong Renewable Energy Research Center China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing China Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby Denmark Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

In this paper, we discuss a class of two-stage hierarchical games with multiple leaders and followers, which is called Nash-Stackelberg-Nash (N-S-N) games. Particularly, we consider N-S-N games under decision-dependent uncertainties (DDUs). DDUs refer to the uncertainties that are affected by the strategies of decision-makers and have been rarely addressed in game equilibrium analysis. In this paper, we first formulate the N-S-N games with DDUs of complete ignorance, where the interactions between the players and DDUs are characterized by uncertainty sets that depend parametrically on the players’ strategies. Then, a rigorous definition for the equilibrium of the game is established by consolidating generalized Nash equilibrium and Pareto-Nash equilibrium. Afterward, we prove the existence of the equilibrium of N-S-N games under DDUs by applying Kakutani’s fixed-point theorem. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to show the impact of DDUs on the equilibrium of N-S-N games. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Game theory

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A Fracture Model Established by Finite Element Simulation and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II for an Al Alloy 3rd

A Fracture Model Established by Finite Element Simulation an...

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3rd International Conference on Mechatronics and Intelligent Robotics, ICMIR 2019

作者： Dong, Wenyong Lin, Y.C. Li, Wending Yu, Sancheng Zhu, Wenjie Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute Shanghai201109 China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Servo System Shanghai201109 China School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Central South University Changsha410083 China State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing Changsha410083 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811502378

Combined with hot tensile tests and finite element simulation, a fracture model of an Al alloy used in aerospace industry is established. A GTN fracture model is used to describe the damage process. The proposed model is implemented as a user routine in finite element software, DEFORM 2D. The parameters of the proposed model are calibrated by application of response surface methodology (RSM) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). The simulation results show that the established model can describe the fracture behavior of the studied Al alloy accurately. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.

关键词： Aerospace industry

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Antagonism between ambient ozone increase and urbanization-oriented population migration on Chinese cardiopulmonary mortality

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The Innovation 2023年第6期4卷 48-58页

作者： Haitong Zhe Sun Junchao Zhao Xiang Liu Minghao Qiu Huizhong Shen Serge Guillas Chiara Giorio Zosia Staniaszek Pei Yu Michelle W.L.Wan Man Mei Chim Kim Robin van Daalen Yilin Li Zhenze Liu Mingtao Xia Shengxian Ke Haifan Zhao Haikun Wang Kebin He Huan Liu Yuming Guo Alexander T.Archibald lYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of CambridgeCambridge CB21EWUK Department of Earth Sciences University of CambridgeCambridge CB23EQUK Department of Environmental Health and Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD 21205USA State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution ComplexSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBejing 100084China School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Earth System Science Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518p55China Department of Statistical Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK The Alan Turing Institute London NW12DBUK School of Public Heath and Preventive Medicine Monash UniversityMelboumeVIC 3004Australia British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB18RNUK Heart and Lung Research Institute University of CambridgeCambridge CB20BDUK Baroelona Supercomputing Center Department of Earth Sciences08034 BarcelonaSpain School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Mathematics University of CaliformiaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing KeyLaboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB21PZUK National Centre for Atmospheric Science Cambridge CB21EWUK

Everincreasing ambient ozone(O3)pollution in China has been exacerbating cardiopulmonary premature ***,the urban-rural exposure inequity has seldom been ***,we assess populationcale 03 exposure and mortality burdens between 1990 and 2019 based on integrated pollution tracking and epidemiological *** find Chinese population have been suffering from climbing 03 exposure by 4.3±2.8 ppb per decade as a result of rapid urbanization and growing prosperity of socioeconomic *** residents are broadly exposed to 9.8±4.1 ppb higher ambient O3 than the adjacent urban citizens,and thus urbaniza-tion-oriented migration compromises the exposure-associated mortality on total *** excess premature deaths attributable to longterm 03 exposure,373,500(95%uncertainty interval[U]:240,600-510,900)in 2019,is underestimated in previous studies due to ignorance of cardiovascular *** 03 pollution policy should focus more on rural population who are facing an aggravating threat of mortality risks to ameliorate environmental health injustice.

关键词： ambient urban urbanization

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Continuous and comprehensive atmospheric observations in Beijing:a station to understand the complex urban atmospheric environment

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Big Earth Data 2020年第3期4卷 295-321页

作者： Yongchun Liu Chao Yan Zemin Feng Feixue Zheng Xiaolong Fan Yusheng Zhang Chang Li Ying Zhou Zhuohui Lin Yishou Guo Ying Zhang Li Ma Wenshuo Zhou Zhikun Liu Lubna Dada Kaspar Dallenbach Jenni Kontkanen Runlong Cai Tommy Chan Biwu Chu Wei Du Lei Yao Yonghong Wang Jing Cai Juha Kangasluoma Tom Kokkonen Joni Kujansuu Anton Rusanen Chenjuan Deng Yueyun Fu Rujing Yin Xiaoxiao Li Yiqun Lu Yiliang Liu Chaofan Lian Dongsen Yang Weigang Wang Maofa Ge Yuesi Wang Douglas R.Worsnop Heikki Junninen Hong He Veli-Matti Kerminen Jun Zheng Lin Wang Jingkun Jiang Tuukka Petaja Federico Bianchi Markku Kulmala Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution ComplexSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Environmental Science&Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjingChina State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Aerodyne Research Inc. BillericaMassachusettsUSA Institute of Physics University of TartuTartuEstonia Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences School of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina

Due to profound impact on climate and human health,air quality has attracted attention from all levels of the civil *** key step in the provision of required tools for the society to tackle the complex air quality problem is to characterize it in a comprehensive manner with a long-term ***,we describe a continuous and comprehensive observation station and its accompanying state-ofthe-art instrumentation that was established to investigate the complex urban atmospheric environment in a rapidly developing Chinese *** station,located in downtown Beijing,aims to study air quality by identifying the major atmospheric pollutants and key processes determining their formation and loss mechanisms.A few hundreds of parameters are continuously measured with the state-of-the-art instruments,including trace gas concentrations,aerosol particle size distributions,and mass concentrations,covering aerosol particle chemical composition from molecules to micrometer-sized aerosol *** produced long-term,comprehensive big data with around 1�10^(11)bytes per *** this paper,we provide an overview on the facilities of the station,the instrumentation used,the workflow of continuous observations and examples of results from 2018 to 2019 and a basis for establishing a modern long-term,comprehensive atmospheric urban observation station in other megacities.

关键词： Continuous and comprehensive atmospheric observation air pollution complex photochemical smog haze new particle formation

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Artificial intelligence for geoscience:Progress,challenges,and perspectives

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The Innovation 2024年第5期5卷 136-160,135页

作者： Tianjie Zhao Sheng Wang Chaojun Ouyang Min Chen Chenying Liu Jin Zhang Long Yu Fei Wang Yong Xie Jun Li Fang Wang Sabine Grunwald Bryan MWong Fan Zhang Zhen Qian Yongjun Xu Chengqing Yu Wei Han Tao Sun Zezhi Shao Tangwen Qian Zhao Chen Jiangyuan Zeng Huai Zhang Husi Letu Bing Zhang Li Wang Lei Luo Chong Shi Hongjun Su Hongsheng Zhang Shuai Yin Ni Huang Wei Zhao Nan Li Chaolei Zheng Yang Zhou Changping Huang Defeng Feng Qingsong Xu Yan Wu Danfeng Hong Zhenyu Wang Yinyi Lin Tangtang Zhang Prashant Kumar Antonio Plaza Jocelyn Chanussot Jiabao Zhang Jiancheng Shi Lizhe Wang Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Data Science in Earth Observation Technical University of Munich80333 MunichGermany The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Yangtze Institute for Conservation and DevelopmentHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Soil Water and Ecosystem Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaPO Box 110290GainesvilleFLUSA Materials Science Engineering Program Cooperating Faculty Member in the Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics Astronomy University of CaliforniaCaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China College of Geography and Remote Sensing Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Department of Geography The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077SARChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Collaborative Inno

This paper explores the evolution of geoscientific inquiry,tracing the progression from traditional physics-based models to modern data-driven approaches facilitated by significant advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)and data collection *** models,which are grounded in physical and numerical frameworks,provide robust explanations by explicitly reconstructing underlying physical ***,their limitations in comprehensively capturing Earth’s complexities and uncertainties pose challenges in optimization and real-world *** contrast,contemporary data-driven models,particularly those utilizing machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL),leverage extensive geoscience data to glean insights without requiring exhaustive theoretical *** techniques have shown promise in addressing Earth science-related ***,challenges such as data scarcity,computational demands,data privacy concerns,and the“black-box”nature of AI models hinder their seamless integration into *** integration of physics-based and data-driven methodologies into hybrid models presents an alternative *** models,which incorporate domain knowledge to guide AI methodologies,demonstrate enhanced efficiency and performance with reduced training data *** review provides a comprehensive overview of geoscientific research paradigms,emphasizing untapped opportunities at the intersection of advanced AI techniques and *** examines major methodologies,showcases advances in large-scale models,and discusses the challenges and prospects that will shape the future landscape of AI in *** paper outlines a dynamic field ripe with possibilities,poised to unlock new understandings of Earth’s complexities and further advance geoscience exploration.

关键词： Earth utilizing landscape

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Local Partial Zero-Forcing Combining for Cell-Free Massive MIMO systems

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhang, Jiayi Zhang, Jing Björnson, Emil Ai, Bo The School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-Speed Railway System Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Department of Electrical Engineering Linköping University Linköping Sweden The Department of Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Kista Sweden The State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-Speed Railway System Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Networking and Data Analysis Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China Research Center of Networks and Communications Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen China

Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) provides more uniform spectral efficiency (SE) for users (UEs) than cellular technology. The main challenge to achieve the benefits of cell-free massive MIMO is to realize signal processing in a scalable way. In this paper, we consider scalable full-pilot zero-forcing (FZF), partial FZF (PFZF), protective weak PFZF (PWPFZF), and local regularized ZF (LRZF) combining by exploiting channel statistics. We derive closed-form expressions of the uplink SE for FZF, PFZF, and PWPFZF combining with large-scale fading decoding over independent Rayleigh fading channels, taking channel estimation errors and pilot contamination into account. Moreover, we investigate the impact of the number of pilot sequences, antennas per AP, and APs on the performance. numerical results show that LRZF provides the highest SE. However, PWPFZF is preferable when the number of pilot sequences is large and the number of antennas per AP is small. The reason is that PWPFZF has lower computational complexity and the SE expression can be computed in closed-form. Furthermore, we investigate the performance of PWPFZF combining with fractional power control and the numerical results show that it improves the performance of weak UEs and realizes uniformly good service for all UEs in a scalable fashion. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Power control

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Progress of the TianQin project

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Luo, Jun Bai, Shaojun Bai, Yan-Zheng Cai, Lin Dang, Hao Dong, Qijia Duan, Hui-Zong Du, Yuanbo Fan, Lei Fu, Xinju Gao, Yong Gou, Xingyu Gu, Defeng Guo, Changlei Hong, Wei Hu, Bin Hu, Heran Hu, Ming Hu, Yi-Ming Huang, Fa Peng Ji, Xin Jiang, Yuan-Ze Li, En-Kun Li, Hongyin Li, Ming Li, Ming Li, Yong Li, Zhu Li, Zizheng Lian, JunXiang Liang, Yu-Rong Lin, Xudong Liu, Jianping Liu, Lin-Xia Liu, Kui Liu, Li Liu, Minghe Liu, Qi Liu, Yan-Chong Liu, Yue Luo, Peng-Shun Luo, Yingxin Ma, Yi-Qiu Ma, Yun Meng, Yunhe Milyukov, Vadim Peng, Jian-Guo Postnov, Konstantin Qu, Shao-Bo Shan, Tilei Shao, Cheng-Gang Shi, Changfu Song, Pei-Yi Song, Yunfei Su, Wei Tan, Ding Yin Tan, Shuping Tan, Yu-Jie Tan, Wenhai Tu, Liangcheng Wang, Cheng-Rui Wang, Guoyong Wang, Lijiao Wang, Pan-Pan Wang, Shun Wang, Xiaoyong Wang, Xudong Wang, Yan Wei, Ran Wu, Shu-Chao Xu, Jie Xu, Zhi-Lin Xue, Chao Yan, Hao Yan, Yong Yang, Changpeng Yang, Shanqing Yeh, Hsien-Chi Yin, Hang Tong, Yelong Yu, Jian-Bo Yuan, Wen-Hao Zhang, Bu-Tian Zhang, Dexuan Zhang, Jian-Dong Zhang, Jie Zhang, Lihua Zhang, Xuefeng Zhao, Guoying Zhao, Liqian Zhao, Xin Zhou, An-Nan Zhou, Hao Zhou, Peng Zhou, Yupeng Zhou, Ze-Bing Zhu, Fan Zhu, Liang-Gui Zhu, Lin Zou, Kui Mei, Jianwei MOE Key Laboratory of TianQin Mission TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics School of Physics and Astronomy Frontiers Science Center for TianQin Gravitational Wave Research Center of CNSA Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai Campus Zhuhai519082 China National Gravitation Laboratory MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China DFH Satellite Co. Ltd. Beijing100094 China Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics & Electricity Beijing100076 China National Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Thermal Control of Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering Beijing100094 China Space Star Technology CO. LTD. Beijing100095 China Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Beijing100094 China School of Artificial Intelligence Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai Campus Zhuhai519082 China Shanxi Xi’an710199 China Sternberg Astronomical Institute M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow119234 Russia Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing100871 China

TianQin is a future space-based gravitational wave observatory targeting the frequency window of 10−4 Hz ∼ 1 Hz. A large variety of gravitational wave sources are expected in this frequency band, including the merger of massive black hole binaries, the inspiral of extreme/intermediate mass ratio systems, stellar-mass black hole binaries, Galactic compact binaries, and so on. TianQin will consist of three Earth orbiting satellites on nearly identical orbits with orbital radii of about 105 km. The satellites will form a normal triangle constellation whose plane is nearly perpendicular to the ecliptic plane. The TianQin project has been progressing smoothly following the "0123" technology roadmap. In step "0", the TianQin laser ranging station has been constructed and it has successfully ranged to all the five retro-reflectors on the Moon. In step "1", the drag-free control technology has been tested and demonstrated using the TianQin-1 satellite. In step "2", the inter-satellite laser interferometry technology will be tested using the pair of TianQin-2 satellites. The TianQin-2 mission has been officially approved and the satellites will be launched around 2026. In step "3", i.e., the TianQin-3 mission, three identical satellites will be launched around 2035 to form the space-based gravitational wave detector, TianQin, and to start gravitational wave detection in space. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Laser interferometry

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