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Health benefits from the rapid reduction in ambient exposure to air pollutants after China's clean air actions:progress in efficacy and geographic equality

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 103-113页

作者： Tao Xue Ruohan Wang Meng Wang Yanying Wang Dan Tong Xia Meng Conghong Huang Siqi Ai Fangzhou Li Jingyuan Cao Mingkun Tong Xueqiu Ni Hengyi Liu Jianyu Deng Hong Lu Wei Wan Jicheng Gong Shiqiu Zhang Tong Zhu Institute of Reproductive and Child Health National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health/Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(PKU) School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Centre State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Exposure and Health Risk Management and Center for Environment and Health Peking University Advanced Institute of Information Technology Peking University Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at Buffalo State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University School of Public Health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of HealthFudan University College of Land Management Nanjing Agricultural University National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation Clean Air Asia

Clean air actions （CAAs） in China have been linked to considerable benefits in public ***,whether the beneficial effects of CAAs are equally distributed geographically is *** high-resolution maps of the distributions of major air pollutants (fine particulate matter[PM2.5]and ozone[O3]) and population,we aimed to track spatiotemporal changes in health impacts from,and geographic inequality embedded in,the reduced exposures to PM2.5and O3from 2013 to *** used a method established by the Global Burden of Diseases *** analyzing the changes in loss of life expectancy（LLE） attributable to PM2.5and O3,we calculated the gain of life expectancy （GLE） to quantify the health benefits of the air-quality ***,we assessed the geographic inequality embedded in the GLE using the Gini index （GI）.Based on risk assessments of PM2.5and O3,during the first stage of CAAs（2013 to 2017）,the mean GLE was 1.87 *** of the sum of the GLE was disproportionally distributed in about one quarter of the population exposed （GI 0.44）.During the second stage of CAAs（2017 to 2020）,the mean GLE increased to 3.94 months and geographic inequality decreased （GI 0.18）.According to our assessments,CAAs were enhanced,from the first to second stages,in terms of not only preventing premature mortality but also ameliorating health *** enhancements were related to increased sensitivity to the health effects of air pollution and synergic control of PM2.5and *** findings will contribute to optimizing future CAAs.

关键词： clean air action public health inequality fine particulate matter ozone

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Dynamic Security Evaluation Method for Power systems Considering Cascading Failures 7

Dynamic Security Evaluation Method for Power Systems Conside...

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7th IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy system Integration, EI2 2023

作者： Liu, Ren Xu, Xingye Du, Wei Xiahou, Kaishun Zhu, Yihua Chang, Dongxu Guo, Hengdao Electric Power Research Institute of China Southern Power Grid Csg Key Laboratory For Power System Simulation Guangzhou China School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China Electric Power Research Institute of China Southern Power Grid State Key Laboratory of Hvdc Guangzhou China China Southern Power Grid National Energy Power Grid Technology R&d Centre Guangzhou China Intelligent Operation and Control For New Energy Power System Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of China Southern Power Grid Guangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345094

With the increasing level of informatization and interconnection in the electric power system, the risk of external attacks on power systems is increasing. In response to the drawbacks of traditional static security assessment methods, this paper establishes two security metrics, which are voltage and power flow amplitude deviation security metric and power flow entropy security metric. Based on these security metrics, a dynamic security evaluation model that considers cascading failure is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed security metrics can effectively reflect the security of cascading failure propagation, thereby providing valuable insights for decision-making by power system operators. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Informatization

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DC Overvoltage Analysis of GFM-controlled Wind Farm Connected via MMC-HVDC system Caused by Receiving-end AC Faults

DC Overvoltage Analysis of GFM-controlled Wind Farm Connecte...

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International Conference on Power Electronics and Motion control (IPEMC)

作者： Siying Chen Min Cheng Yingbiao Li Jiawei Yu Yihua Zhu Mingkang Wu Jiabing Hu Jianan Yan State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology and School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China Yunnan Power Grid China CSG Key Laboratory for Power System Simulation (Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid) State Key Laboratory of HVDC (Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid) National Energy Power Grid Technology R&D Centre Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation and Control for New Energy Power System China

ISBN: (数字)9798350351330

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351347

DC overvoltage occurs when short circuit fault exists at the receiving-end and is harmful to the safety of the system where wind farms are connected to the grid through high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission based on the modular multilevel converter (MMC). To address this issue, this paper first analyzed the mechanism of the DC overvoltage and innovatively proposed a strategy in which grid-forming-controlled wind farms are integrated into the AC grid through MMC-HVDC, whose sending-end applies grid-following control and constant DC voltage control. However, secondary DC overvoltage appears during the fault recovery stage and is mainly caused by the saturation of the PI controller of constant active power control. Simulations are carried out on a test with MATLAB/Simulink, and results verify the efficacy of the proposed methods in suppressing DC overvoltage that appeared during receiving-end faults and their recovery stage.

关键词： PI control Simulation Power control Wind farms Robustness Wind turbines Safety

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Secure and Privacy-preserving Data-sharing Framework based on Blockchain Technology for Al-Najaf/Iraq Oil Refinery 19

Secure and Privacy-preserving Data-sharing Framework based o...

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2022 IEEE SmartWorld, 19th IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, 2022 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous and Trusted Vehicles Conference, 22nd IEEE International Conference on Scalable Computing and Communications, 2022 IEEE International Conference on Digital Twin, 8th IEEE International Conference on Privacy Computing and 2022 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse, SmartWorld/UIC/ATC/ScalCom/DigitalTwin/PriComp/Metaverse 2022

作者： Umran, Samir M. Lu, SongFeng Abduljabbar, Zaid Ameen Lu, Zhi Feng, Bingyan Zheng, Lu Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan430074 China Iraqi Cement State Company Ministry of Industry and Minerals Baghdad10011 Iraq Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen518057 China University of Basrah College of Education for Pure Sciences Iraq Al-Kunooze University College Technical Computer Engineering Department Basrah Iraq Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan430074 China Industrial Internet Research Institute Wuhan Huazhong Numerical Control Co. Ltd Wuhan430074 China South-Central University for Nationalities College of Computer Science Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350346558

The Industrial Internet of Things or Industry 4.0 efficiently enhances the manufacturing process in terms of raising productivity, system performance, cost reduction, and building large-scale systems. It enables the connection of numerous heterogeneous devices and sensors into the internet network through the utilization of revolutionary techniques that transfer the manufacturing paradigm to intelligent processes. The traditional industrial internet of things adopts centralized architectures and complex encryption algorithms that suffer from several cyber-security threats and lead to data leakage, privacy disclosure, and high computational and communicational costs. In our work, we proposed a decentralized, efficient, low-power, scalable, secure, privacy-preserving, and trusting architecture based on a private blockchain network/smart contract and interplanetary file system technology for the Al-NajafyIraq oil refinery factory. That enables autonomous working and provides a high level of security authentication and privacy preservation, P2P communication, remote access, immutability and information backtracking. Traditional blockchain technology has storage limitation issues, most recent works adopted external servers or the cloud for storage purposes. Our proposed scheme addresses the limitations of blockchain data storage by adopting an interplanetary file system (IPFS) network;provides an efficient data encryption mechanism at the perceptual layer by adopting a lightweight encryption algorithm, high-performance, and ultra-low-power consumption ARM Cortex-M microcontroller. In addition, our architecture succeeds in merging blockchain technology, IoTs, and an IPFS with the oil refinery as an industrial application area. Moreover, it provides an efficient framework that resists common cyber-security attacks and realizes cyber-security requirements represented by data availability, integrity, and confidentiality. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Digital storage

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research on Power Electronics Converter Real-time Simulation Modeling Method Based on SILDP

Research on Power Electronics Converter Real-time Simulation...

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Power Science and Technology (ICPST), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Jin Liu Pengbo Han Zeqi Hong Hui Luo Siyang An Shujun Yao School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of HVDC Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid National Energy Power Grid Technology R&D Centre Guangzhou China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation and Control for New Energy Power System Guangzhou China

ISBN: (数字)9798350349030

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349047

Generally, detailed model of power electronics converter is used in electromagnetic transient simulations. It will use large sources of hardware in FPGA and the speed of simulation is slow. This paper is focus on the modeling method of real-time simulation, and proposed a new model of converter which based on the semi-implicit latency decoupling and paralleling (SILDP) technology. According to the proposed model, the SILDP model of voltage source converter(VSC) is build up. Base on the comparative between the SILDP VSC model and the simulation result waveform of PSCAD model, give the verification that the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed SILDP VSC model. Finally, the SILDP VSC model is finished the verification in the FPGA experiment platform.

关键词： Accuracy Computational modeling Simulation Voltage Mathematical models Real-time systems numerical models

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Enhanced carbonate weathering and CO2 release in a typical karst watershed (Southwest China): Evidence from hydrochemical and multi-isotopic data

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Science of the Total Environment 2024年 957卷 177372页

作者： Liu, Lei Lan, Jiacheng Ren, Kun Huang, Mingzhi Mao, Ruitao Zhang, Xianwen Yue, Kunqian School of Karst Science / State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertiffcation control Guizhou Normal University Guiyang550001 China Institute of Karst Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics Ministry of Natural Resources & Guangxi Guilin541004 China International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO National Center for International Research on Karst Dynamic System and Global Change Guilin541004 China Pingguo Guangxi Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Pingguo531406 China

Carbon sinks formed by carbonate weathering are a major component of the carbon sink deficit and play a significant role in the carbon cycle. However, exogenous acids (HNO3 and H2SO4) are also involved in carbonate weathering, complicating the overestimation of the formation of carbon sinks and fluxes. In this study, we analyzed the Hongjiadu karst underground river basin in Guizhou using isotopes (δ13C-DIC, δ34S-SO4, δ18O-SO4, δ18O-H2O, and δ2H-H2O) and hydrochemical methods to investigate carbon cycling characteristics and its influencing factors, and quantitatively evaluate the effects of HNO3 + H2SO4 on CO2 sink fluxes in the basin. The following results were obtained: (1) The nitrate in the watershed mainly comes from fertilizers, and the sulfate mainly comes from local coal seams. (2) The relationship between isotopes (δ13C-DIC, δ34S-SO4, δ18O-SO4, δ18O-H2O, and δ2H-H2O) and hydrochemicals (Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3–, HCO3–, and SO42–) indicates that H2CO3, HNO3, and H2SO4 are involved in carbonate rock dissolution. Most of the samples in the watershed, particularly the acid mine drainage water, were affected by acid rain and sulfide oxidation, resulting in increased δ13C-DIC values. Another portion of the springs was affected by soil CO2, resulting in decreased δ13C-DIC values. (3) Quantitative calculations showed that exogenous acids enhanced the weathering rate of carbonate rocks in groundwater by 67.24 % (dry season) and 76.31 % (wet season) while decreasing the carbon sink flux in groundwater by 55.31 % (dry season) and 66.64 % (wet season). Rainfall enhances the weathering of carbonate rocks. In the process, CO2 is released, increasing the carbon source. Our study highlights the influence of anthropogenic, natural, and hydrological changes on karst carbon sinks in mixed-pollution karst basins. This information is important for future studies on the carbonate weathering processes in karst regions. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Groundwater pollution

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Ascending phase of solar cycle 25 tilts the current El Ni?o-Southern oscillation transition

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第1期 36-40页

作者： Wenjuan Huo Ziniu Xiao Liang Zhao Fei Liu GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKey Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean SystemMinistry of Educationand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory

自2020年初夏,赤道太平洋地区出现拉尼娜现象并持续两年半多(以下简称2020拉尼娜),对其未来演变的预测引起了很多关注,考虑到11年太阳周期活动对热带太平洋SST异常可能存在锁相影响,本研究分析了当前太阳活动周(即第25太阳周(SC25))对... 详细信息

自2020年初夏,赤道太平洋地区出现拉尼娜现象并持续两年半多(以下简称2020拉尼娜),对其未来演变的预测引起了很多关注,考虑到11年太阳周期活动对热带太平洋SST异常可能存在锁相影响,本研究分析了当前太阳活动周(即第25太阳周(SC25))对目前热带太平洋ENSO现象未来演变的调节作用,基于历史太阳周的统计特征,作者对第25太阳周达到其最大值的时间提出三种可能的情景,并讨论了不同情景下的太阳活动对未来两年ENSO演变的可能影响,第25太阳周的持续上升阶段在一定程度上抑制了当前2023厄尔尼诺现象发展为超级事件.

关键词：厄尔尼诺-南方涛动太阳活动热带太平洋位相转变预测三重拉尼娜现象

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LVRT During-fault-stage Equilibrium Point is Unnecessary for Renewable Grid-tied systems

LVRT During-fault-stage Equilibrium Point is Unnecessary for...

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Power system and Green Energy Conference (PSGEC)

作者： Yayao Zhang Min Cheng Meng Zhan Jiawei Yu Yihua Zhu Mingkang Wu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Yunnan Power Grid China State Key Laboratory of HVDC Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid China National Energy Power Grid Technology R&D Centre Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation and Control for New Energy Power System Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid China

ISBN: (数字)9798350365573

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365580

Transient synchronous stability of renewable grid- tied systems is of paramount importance. Most of previous studies focused on the grid-tied converter in the low voltage ride through (LVRT) during-fault stage and performed stability analysis based on the belief that if the system has (or has no) a stable equilibrium point in the during-fault stage, the system will be stable (or unstable). Therefore, it has been broadly accepted that the existence and/or stability of equilibrium point in the during-fault stage is necessary. However, the whole LVRT contains four different stages and the during-fault stage is only one among them. The transient synchronous stability of whole system should be determined by the initial state in the late post-fault stage and the attraction basin of its equilibrium point. The late post-fault stage is essential for stability and all four stages are important. Clearly treating the during-fault stage as the whole LVRT stages makes the nonlinear switched dynamics problem be greatly simplified and, certainly, is incomplete. In order to clarify this point, this paper analyzes the influence of existence (or nonexistence) of equilibrium point in the during-fault stage on the transient synchronous stability of permanent magnet synchronous generator grid-tied system. We can find that the existence of an equilibrium point in the during-fault stage is only a sufficient condition, rather than a necessary condition. The theoretical analysis is also verified in the hardware-in-the-loop experiment Therefore, a large number of previous studies and results on the transient synchronous stability of renewable grid-tied systems are incomplete and questionable.

关键词： Sufficient conditions Stability criteria Switches Voltage Power system stability Synchronous generators Permanent magnets Nonlinear dynamical systems Transient analysis Magnetic switching

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Conflict Mechanism Analysis Method for Electric Vehicles Participating in Multiple Types of Power Grid Ancillary Services

Conflict Mechanism Analysis Method for Electric Vehicles Par...

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International Conference on Power system Technology (POWERCON)

作者： Yinjuan Xue Qifang Chen Haiqing Cai Mingchao Xia Haohan Gu School of Electrical Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of HVDC Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation and Control for New Energy Power System CSG Key Laboratory for Power System Simulation Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid National Energy Power Grid Technology R&D Centre Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid Guangzhou China

As the high-quality flexible resource of the grid, electric vehicles (EVs) can provide multiple auxiliary services for the grid at the same time. However, due to the one-way charging and discharging of EVs, as well as the limitation of power and capacity, which may cause availability conflicts when EVs participate in different auxiliary services simultaneously. This paper focuses on the analysis of the conflict mechanism of EVs participating in the secondary frequency regulation and peak shaving ancillary services at the same time. The impact mechanism between different auxiliary services in this conflict mode is revealed from the two aspects of limit conflict and charging and discharging instruction conflict, and the results of availability conflict of the two types of auxiliary services are verified and analyzed through simulation examples.

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The 2022 report of synergetic roadmap on carbon neutrality and clean air for China:Accelerating transition in key sectors

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第3期19卷 4-18页

作者： Yu Lei Zhicong Yin Xi Lu Qiang Zhang Jicheng Gong Bofeng Cai Cilan Cai Qimin Chai Huopo Chen Renjie Chen Shi Chen Wenhui Chen Jing Cheng Xiyuan Chi Hancheng Dai Xiangzhao Feng Guannan Geng Jianlin Hu Shan Hu Cunrui Huang Tiantian Li Wei Li Xiaomei Li Jun Liu Xin Liu Zhu Liu Jinghui Ma Yue Qin Dan Tong Xuhui Wang Xuying Wang Rui Wu Qingyang Xiao Yang Xie Xiaolong Xu Tao Xue Haipeng Yu Da Zhang Ning Zhang Shaohui Zhang Shaojun Zhang Xian Zhang Xin Zhang Zengkai Zhang Bo Zheng Yixuan Zheng Jian Zhou Tong Zhu Jinnan Wang Kebin He Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing100041China Center for Carbon Neutrality Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing100041China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Institute for Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China State Key Joint Laboratory for Environment Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Environment and HealthPeking UniversityBeijing100871China National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International CooperationBeijing100035China Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China School of Public Health Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of HealthFudan UniversityShanghai200032China School of Economics and Management Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China Department of Earth System Science University of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697USA National Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijing100029China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring

China is now confronting the intertwined challenges of air pollution and climate *** the high synergies between air pollution abatement and climate change mitigation,the Chinese government is actively promoting synergetic control of these two *** Synergetic Roadmap project was launched in 2021 to track and analyze the progress of synergetic control in China by developing and monitoring key *** Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report is the first annual update,featuring 20 indicators across five aspects:synergetic governance system and practices,progress in structural transition,air pollution and associated weather-climate interactions,sources,sinks,and mitigation pathway of atmospheric composition,and health impacts and benefits of coordinated *** to the comprehensive review presented in the 2021 report,the Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report places particular emphasis on progress in 2021 with highlights on actions in key sectors and the relevant *** milestones include the proportion of non-fossil power generation capacity surpassing coal-fired capacity for the first time,a decline in the production of crude steel and cement after years of growth,and the surging penetration of electric ***,in 2022,China issued the first national policy that synergizes abatements of pollution and carbon emissions,marking a new era for China's pollution-carbon *** changes highlight China's efforts to reshape its energy,economic,and transportation structures to meet the demand for synergetic control and sustainable ***,the country has witnessed a slowdown in carbon emission growth,improved air quality,and increased health benefits in recent years.

关键词： Synergetic roadmap Carbon neutrality Clean air

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