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Dom Contributions to Nitrate Enrichment in Groundwater in the Semi-Arid Area of North China Plain: Evidence from Dom Optical and Molecular Characteristics

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ding, Hongyu Zheng, Mingxia Yu, Minda Zhu, Mingtan Sun, Yuanyuan Su, Jing Xi, Beidou State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China College of Water Science Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China School of Environment and Civil Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi214122 China

Specific components of dissolved organic matter (DOM) may serve as indicators of the nitrate accumulation process in groundwater. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the enrichment of nitrate based on DOM characterization in groundwater systems remain unclear. This study aims to reveal the sources and pathways of the nitrate accumulation process through the application of three-dimensional Excitation emission Matrices (EEM) and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). The presence of fresh DOM components which show high biological activity, resulting from the leaching of organic matter in the subsoil and the excessive input of manure and sewage, contributes to elevated nitrate levels in the porous aquifer. The main contributors to inorganic nitrate accumulation are DOM formulas containing a higher number of nitrogen atoms. DOM formulas containing three nitrogen atoms, characterized by larger mass weights and lower H/C ratios, are closely associated with a readily bioavailable fraction. Consequently, the observed high rate of nitrate accumulation in the groundwater samples can be attributed to the high bioavailability of nitrogen-containing molecules. This study provides a molecular perspective on the characterization of DOM and its relationship with nitrate accumulation in groundwater systems, offering valuable insights for a more accurate assessment of potential nitrogen stocks in groundwater. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nitrates

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Quantifying Electric vehicle Energy Consumption Benefits Across Cities: A Transferable vehicle Energy Consumption Evaluation Framework

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Jia, Zhenyu Cao, Zeping Yin, Jiawei Wu, Lin Wei, Ning Zhang, Yanjie Jiang, Zhiwen Zhang, Qijun Mao, Hongjun Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin300071 China Jinchuan Group Information and Automation Engineering Co. Ltd. Jinchang737100 China Tianjin Youmei Environment Technology Ltd. Tianjin300380 China

vehicle electrification is an important approach worldwide for energy saving and emission reduction. However, the absence of a unified assessment method complicates the accurate quantification of energy consumption benefits from Electric vehicles (EVs), including Plug-in Hybrid Electric vehicles (PHEVs) and Battery Electric vehicles (BEVs). To address this issue, the study introduces a framework for evaluating these benefits across regions based on driving cycle (DC) database and machine learning method. Tianjin and Xining, two typical cities, were used as case studies. The DC databases were iteratively generated using a 3-D Markov chain method, capturing the main driving characteristics of two cities. Energy consumption models for Internal Combustion Engine vehicles (ICEVs), BEVs, and PHEVs achieved R2 of 0.92, 0.83, and 0.74 on the test set, respectively. The results show that EVs can achieve energy consumption benefits ranging from 16.4 % to 77.8 %. Promoting EVs in both cities yields significant energy efficiency benefits, with BEVs offering more in Tianjin, while PHEVs offer greater benefits in Xining. The model interpretation indicates that the difference stems from Tianjin's more frequent and intense deceleration and Xining's more varied terrain. The framework standardizes energy consumption assessment across vehicle types, aiding policymakers in crafting regional EVs promotion plans. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Plug-in hybrid vehicles

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Role of Black Carbon in Modulating Aerosol Direct Effects Driven by Air Pollution controls During 2013-2017 in China

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhang, Fenfen Xing, Jia Ding, Dian Wang, Jiandong Zheng, Haotian Zhao, Bin Qi, Ling Wang, Shuxiao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing100084 China Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research Faculty of Science University of Helsinki Helsinki00014 Finland School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China

Aerosol direct effects (ADEs) can modulate shortwave radiation as well as atmospheric dynamics and air quality. As the key absorbing component of aerosol, the black carbon (BC) largely determines the aerosol optical properties. Therefore, it is expected that BC emission controls might gain co-benefits from the simultaneous reduction of ADEs. To demonstrate such synergy, we quantified the ADEs changes and role of BC controls in China during 2013-2017 using a regional two-way coupled meteorology chemistry transport model. Results suggest that the control action effectively reduced wintertime PM2.5 concentration (-26.0 μg m-3) and associated ADEs. The influence of ADEs on surface shortwave radiation, 2-meter temperature, and planetary boundary layer height was weakened from -16.7 W m-2, -0.20°C, and -15.4 m in 2013 to -11.3 W m-2, -0.06°C, and -10.7 m in 2017, respectively. The enhancement of SO2, NO2, and PM2.5 concentrations due to ADEs was reduced from +3.1%, +5.2%, and +5.4% in 2013, to +2.6%, +4.5%, and +3.3% in 2017, respectively, demonstrating the extra benefit of air pollution controls by reducing ADEs. The BC emission reduced by 12.5% simultaneously along with the effective controls during 2013-2017. Such BC controls contributes 15.6-60.2% of such changes in the ADEs influence on meteorological variables, and 32.6-41.1% on air pollutants. More specially, the effectiveness of collaborative reduction of BC further reduced surface shortwave radiation in China by 3.6 W m-2 in January and 1.0 W m-2 in July, leading to a more weakened ADEs that bring extra benefits in reducing PM2.5 concentrations by 1.8 μg m-3 in January and 0.3 μg m-3 in July. Apparently, BC played a dominant role in modulating the ADEs and associated influences on meteorology and air quality, suggesting a wise control strategy by targeting absorbing component of PM2.5 reduction to address both air pollution and climate change in the future. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Air quality

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emission Characteristics of Lead and Particulate Matter from Lead and Zinc Smelters in China

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Jiawei Sun, Xiaohui Wu, Qingru Deng, Jianguo Li, Zhijian Wen, Minneng Xu, Liwen Gu, Yongzheng Han, Tao Feng, Lei Duan, Lei State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of the Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Aeronautics Imperial College London South Kensington Campus LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing100084 China Guodian Power Development Co. Ltd. Beijing100101 China CHN ENERGY New Energy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing102209 China

Understanding the emission characteristics of particulate matter and associated heavy metals is essential for assessing their environmental and health impacts post-emission, as well as for identifying potential control technologies for the sources. Here, a field test was conducted at two advanced smelting plants equipped with comprehensive air pollution control devices. The particles emitted from different stages of lead and zinc smelting exhibited bi-modal size distributions, with peaks observed in PM0.1-1.0 and PM2.5-10, respectively. Particulate-bound Pb was identified as the predominant Pb species in the flue gas, primarily originating from ore crushing. Consequently, over 80% of Pb was emitted in the form of coarse particles, a marked contrast to coal-fired power plants where Pb concentrated on fine particles. High efficiencies in Pb removal were achieved by dust collectors, flue gas purification systems, and acid plants with desulfurization systems, resulting in overall Pb emission factors in lead and zinc smelting were only 89.3 and 2.60 g t-1 (of metal production), respectively. Importantly, the contribution of gas-phase Pb, which accounts for approximately 16.6% of total emissions, must not be neglected in future emission monitoring and control efforts. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fossil fuel power plants

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Corrigendum to “Technical analysis of blending fusel to reduce carbon emission and pollution emission of diesel engine” [Fuel Processing Technology, 241(2023): 107560/ISSN 0378-3820]

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Fuel Processing Technology 2024年 254卷

作者： Jia Liu Juntong Dong Xiaodan Li Teng Xu Zhenguo Li Jeffrey Dankwa Ampah Mubasher Ikram Shihai Zhang Chao Jin Zhenlong Geng Tianyun Sun Haifeng Liu Vehicle Emission Control Center Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science 100012 Bejing China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science 100012 Beijing China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin University 300072 Tianjin China China Automobile Technology &Research Center Co. Ltd. 300300 Tianjin China State Key Laboratory of Engines Tianjin University 300072 Tianjin China

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Unexpected Trade-Offs of Fossil Fuel Reduction on PM2.5and O3Pollution Regulation Can Be Offset by Synergistic control of VOCs Source

ACS ES&T Air

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ACS ES&T Air 2024年第7期1卷 660-669页

作者： Guoliang Shi Haofei Yu Jie Li Zhang Zhang Feng Wang Junbo Huang Yue Li Yulong Yan Yinchang Feng Armistead G. Russell State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300350 People’s Republic of China China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University (CMA-NKU) Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China Department of Civil Environmental and Construction Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando Florida 32816 United States School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 China College of Computer Science Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China School of Environment Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0512 United States

Particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) are typical air pollutants that require effective simultaneous control. Current PM2.5and O3co-mitigation strategies are primarily focused on the emission optimization of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs); however, fundamental mechanisms underlying these co-mitigation efforts remain largely unanswered. Here, utilizing an atmospheric chemistry model combined with machine learning technique, we extend the scope of coordinated control efforts beyond just precursors by identifying and controlling common sources of PM2.5and O3, which are fossil fuel combustion sources including coal combustion, industrial emission, and vehicle exhausts. We conducted further sensitivity simulations and found that reducing fossil fuel combustion emissions significantly lowers PM2.5levels but has trade-off effects on O3control, which is attributable to the suppressed aerosol sink of hydroperoxyl radicals and the enhanced atmospheric oxidizing capacity. Furthermore, this unexpected enhancement of O3can be offset by synergistically controlling certain other specific VOCs sources. For example, during days with high levels of both PM2.5and O3pollution, a 40% reduction of VOCs sources at the corresponding level of coal combustion reduction is predicted to lead to an ∼13 ppb (∼14%) reduction in O3concentration. Our results provide the scientific evidence and theoretical framework for mitigating PM2.5and O3pollution through joint control of fossil fuel combustion sources and specific VOCs sources.

关键词： environmental pollution Fossil fuels Particulate matter Redox reactions Volatile organic compounds

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Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks on Highways in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei: Constant Challenge in Pollution control

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Han, Yingying Wang, Chang Zhu, Yixue Wu, Rui Xue, Yifeng Zhang, Xiang Wang, Weiwei Cui, Yangyang Han, Jinxiu Shi, Zongbo Wang, Xiuyan Jin, Taosheng Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin300350 China Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Laboratory of Transport Pollution Control and Monitoring Technology Transport Planning and Research Institute Ministry of Transport Beijing100028 China National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection Beijing100037 China Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing School of Management and Economics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Birmingham BirminghamB15 2TT United Kingdom

Heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) contributed significantly to on-road air pollution. This study measured the traffic flow of HDDTs on seven national highways in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region to estimate air pollutants of HDDTs from 2016 to 2020. The emission factors are corrected by the International vehicle emissions (IVE) model, traffic flow, and road length. Compared with 2016, traffic flow in 2019 increased by 41%, carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions increased by 0.3% and 4%, while hydrocarbons (HC) and particulate matter (PM) emissions decreased by about 26% and 18%. The COVID-19 lockdowns did not cause significant annual changes in traffic flow and pollution emissions in 2020 compared with 2019, but there were substantial monthly variations in pollutant emissions. Our study showed that although control measures were implemented during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the substantial increase in regional HDDT transport posed a continuing challenge in reducing road traffic emissions. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： COVID-19

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Correction to "emission Measurements on a Large Sample of Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks in China by Using Mobile Plume Chasing"

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environmental science & technology 2023年第45期57卷 17659页

作者： Hui Wang Shaojun Zhang Xiaomeng Wu Yifan Wen Zhenhua Li Ye Wu School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084 P. R. China. Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China.

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Evaluation of low emission zone policy on vehicle emission reduction in Beijing, China

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental Science 2018年第5期121卷

作者： Yi Zhang Michel Andre Yao Liu Lin Wu Boyu Jing Hongjun Mao College of Environmental Science & Engineering Nankai University (NKU) Tianjin China Centre for Urban Transport Emission Research Nankai University (NKU) Tianjin China Transport and Environment Laboratory French institute of science and technology for transport spatial planning development and networks (IFSTTAR) Lyon France State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control Tianjin China.

This study evaluates the effect of the LEZ in Beijing from the perspective of vehicle emission reduction based on developing an urban street-scale vehicle emission inventory on the basis of the local emission factors and the dynamic or static traffic data via a bottom-up approach. In 2016, before the implementation of the LEZ, the vehicle emission of CO, HC, NOx, and PM were 49.01×104, 6.31×104, 5.96×104, and 0.12×104 t, respectively. According to the simulation results, the LEZ policy would have an obviously positive effect on emission reduction, especially for CO and HC. In order to realize the long-term mitigation target, it is necessary to update and amend the detailed terms of the LEZ policy regularly according to the traffic development and vehicle emission change.

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Effect of adoption of electric vehicles on public health and air pollution in China: a modelling study

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2021年 5卷 S8-S8页

作者： Daniel E Horton Jordan L Schnell Daniel R Peters David C Wong Xi Lu Hao Gao Hongliang Zhang Patrick L Kinney Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Institute for Sustainability and Energy Northwestern University Evanston IL USA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Global Systems Laboratory Boulder CO USA Program in Environmental Sciences Northwestern University Evanston IL USA Environmental Defense Fund Austin TX USA US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park NC USA School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing China Beijing China Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine Irvine CA USA Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai China Department of Environmental Health Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA

Background Adoption of electric vehicles has the potential to reduce air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, hence China has implemented policies incentivising use of electric vehicles. However, much is unknown about the potential air quality and public health benefits of electric vehicles, including optimal vehicle type prioritisation and the vehicles' ability to reduce acute health impacts due to extreme air quality events. We aimed to assess the potential climate and acute public health benefits of use of electric vehicles during an extreme winter air pollution event. Methods In this modelling study, we used the Weather Research Forecast and Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System air quality model to simulate the interplay between weather and atmospheric chemistry. We used this model to examine potential co-benefits of electric vehicle adoption during an extreme pollution episode in China. We simulated heavy-duty and light-duty electric vehicle adoption scenarios, in which 40% of the population adopted a heavy-duty or light-duty passenger electric vehicle, re-mapped battery power needs to energy generation facilities, and characterised differences in public health outcomes using China-specific concentration-response functions. Findings We found that widespread adoption of heavy-duty electric vehicles would reduces nitric oxide and fine particulate matter resulting in 562 (95% CI 410–723) fewer premature acute deaths than the non-electrified baseline scenario. However, widespread adoption of heavy-duty electric vehicles does not reduce carbon dioxide emissions without the addition of emission-free electricity generation. By contrast, widespread adoption of light-duty electric vehicles robustly reduces greenhouse gas emissions, but results in lesser air quality improvements and fewer premature deaths avoided (145 [95% CI 38–333]) than the heavy-duty scenario. Economic effects of human health endpoints and carbon dioxide reductions for adoption of ligh

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