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Removal of fluorescence and ultraviolet absorbance of dissolved organic matter in reclaimed water by solar light

Journal of environmental Sciences 2016年第5期28卷 118-127页

作者： Qianyuan Wu Chao Li Wenlong Wang Tao He Hongying Hu Ye Du Ting Wang Shenzhen Laboratory of Microorganism Application and risk Control Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055 China Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 China South China Institute of Environmental Science Ministry of Environmental Protection Guangzhou 510000 China

Storing reclaimed water in lakes is a widely used method of accommodating changes in the consumption of reclaimed water during wastewater reclamation and reuse. Solar light serves as an important function in degrading pollutants during storage, and its effect on dissolved organic matter（DOM） was investigated in this study. Solar light significantly decreased the UV_（254） absorbance and fluorescence（FLU） intensity of reclaimed ***, its effect on the dissolved organic carbon（DOC） value of reclaimed water was very limited. The decrease in the UV_（254） absorbance intensity and FLU excitation–emission matrix regional integration volume（FLU volume） of reclaimed water during solar light irradiation was fit with pseudo-first order reaction kinetics. The decrease of UV_（254） absorbance was much slower than that of the FLU volume. Ultraviolet light in solar light had a key role in decreasing the UV_（254） absorbance and FLU intensity during solar light irradiation. The light fluence-based removal kinetic constants of the UV_（254） and FLU intensity were independent of light intensity. The peaks of the UV_（254） absorbance and FLU intensity with an apparent molecular weight（AMW） of 100 Da to 2000 Da decreased after solar irradiation, whereas the DOC value of the major peaks did not significantly change.

关键词： Wastewater reclamation Fluorescence Ultraviolet absorbance Solar light irradiation

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A probe into the acid deposition mitigation path in China over the last four decades and beyond

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 84-92页

作者： Qian Yu Xiaodong Ge Haotian Zheng Jia Xing Lei Duan Dongwei Lv Dian Ding Zhaoxin Dong Yisheng Sun Posch Maximilian Danni Xie Yu Zhao Bin Zhao Shuxiao Wang Jan Mulder Thorj?rn Larssen Jiming Hao State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control &Resource Reuse and School of the Environment Nanjing University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex School of EnvironmentTsinghua University International Institute for Applied System Analysis(IIASA) School of Land Engineering Chang'an University Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Norwegian Institute for Water Research

China currently has the highest acid deposition globally, yet research on its status, impacts, causes and controls is lacking. Here, we compiled data and calculated critical loads regarding acid deposition. The results showed that the abatement measures in China have achieved a sharp decline in the emissions of acidifying pollutants and a continuous recovery of precipitation p H, despite the drastic growth in the economy and energy consumption. However, the risk of ecological acidification and eutrophication showed no significant decrease. With similar emission reductions, the decline in areas at risk of acidification in China(7.0%) lags behind those in Europe(20%) or the USA(15%). This was because, unlike Europe and the USA, China's abatement strategies primarily target air quality improvement rather than mitigating ecological impacts. Given that the area with the risk of eutrophication induced by nitrogen deposition remained at 13%of the country even under the scenario of achieving the dual targets of air quality and carbon dioxide mitigation in 2035, we explored an enhanced ammonia abatement pathway. With a further 27% reduction in ammonia by 2035, China could largely eliminate the impacts of acid deposition. This research serves as a valuable reference for China's future acid deposition control and for other nations facing similar challenges.

关键词： acid deposition critical loads acidification eutrophication ammonia abatement

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Characteristics and mixing state of S-rich particles in haze episodes in Beijing

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第5期10卷 59-68页

作者： Jun Hu Fengkui Duan Kebin He Yongliang Ma Shuping Dong Xiande Liu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Tsinghua University Be(jing 100084 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control (Tsinghua University) Beijing 100084 China Sino-Japan Friendship Environmental Protection Center Beijing 100029 China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Direct individual analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with online obscrv ation was conducted to examine the S-rich particles in PM2.5 of two typical polluted haze cpisodes in summer and winter from 2014 to 2015 in Beijing. Four major types of S-rich particles, including sccondary CaSO4 particles （mainly observed in summer）, S-rich mineral particles （SRM）, S-rich water droplets （SRW） and （C, O, S）-rich particles （COS） were identified. We lbund the differcnt typical morphologies and element distributions of S-rich particles and considered that （C, O, S）-rich parliclcs had two major mixing states in different seasons. On the basis of the S-rich particles＂ relative abundances. S concentrations and their relationships with PM2.5 as well as the seasonal comparison, wc revealed that the S-participated formation degrees of SRM and SRW would enhance with increasing PM2.5 concentration. Moreover, C-rich matter and sulfate had seasonally differcnt but significant impacts on the formation of COS.

关键词： S-rich particles Morphology Element distribution Mixing state

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Variability of fuel consumption and CO_(2) emissions of a gasoline passenger car under multiple in-laboratory and on-road testing conditions

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 266-276页

作者： Boya Zhou Liqiang He Shijian Zhang Rui Wang Luowei Zhang Mengliang Li Yu Liu Shaojun Zhang Ye Wu Jiming Hao China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co. Ltd.Tianjin 300300China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

An increasing divergence regarding fuel consumption(and/or CO_(2)emissions) between realworld and type-approval values for light-duty gasoline vehicles(LDGVs) has posed severe challenges to mitigating greenhouse gases(GHGs) and achieving carbon emissions peak and neutrality. To address this divergence issue, laboratory test cycles with more real-featured and transient traffic patterns have been developed recently, for example, the China Lightduty vehicle Test Cycle for Passenger cars(CLTC-P). We collected fuel consumption and CO_(2)emissions data of a LDGV under various conditions based on laboratory chassis dynamometer and on-road tests. laboratory results showed that both standard test cycles and setting methods of road load affected fuel consumption slightly, with variations of less than 4%. Compared to the type-approval value, laboratory and on-road fuel consumption of the tested LDGV over the CLTC-P increased by 9% and 34% under the reference condition(i.e., air conditioning off, automatic stop and start(STT) on and two passengers). On-road measurement results indicated that fuel consumption under the low-speed phase of the CLTC-P increased by 12% due to the STT off, although only a 4% increase on average over the entire cycle. More fuel consumption increases(52%) were attributed to air conditioning usage and full passenger capacity. Strong correlations(R2> 0.9) between relative fuel consumption and average speed were also identified. Under traffic congestion(average speed below 25 km/hr), fuel consumption was highly sensitive to changes in vehicle speed. Thus,we suggest that real-world driving conditions cannot be ignored when evaluating the fuel economy and GHGs reduction of LDGVs.

关键词： Fuel consumption CO_(2)emissions Light-duty gasoline vehicle(LDGV) Real driving

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simulation and Experimental Comparison of Fuel Consumption for a Heavy-duty Diesel vehicle

Simulation and Experimental Comparison of Fuel Consumption f...

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2021 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Computer Application, ICDSCA 2021

作者： Wang, Xiaowei Jing, Xiaojun Wu, Linlin Gao, Tao Guan, Min Co. Ltd Tianjin300300 China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Beijing100012 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665440530

In this paper, chassis dynamometer (CD), Engine-In-the-Loop (EIL) methodology and vehicle Energy Consumption Calculation Tool (VECTO) were used to study the fuel consumption characteristics of a heavy-duty truck at Chinese version of the World Harmonized vehicle Cycle (C-WTVC). The results of the vehicle speed followability show that the average of absolute values of the vehicle velocity deviations between the three methods and C-WTVC regulation are 0.916, 0.883 and 0.733 km/h, respectively. The CD test has the largest deviation, and the VECTO simulation has the smallest deviation. The total distance and total cycle power of the three methods are not much different. However, the power of urban and motorway have large difference. The weighted fuel consumption of C-WTVC of CD test, EIL test and VECTO simulation are 14.93, 15.17 and 16.2 L/100km respectively. Compared with CD test, the EIL test fuel consumption is 1.61% higher, and the VECTO simulation fuel consumption is S.51% higher. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Development of database of real-world diesel vehicle emission factors for China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2015年第5期27卷 209-220页

作者： Xianbao Shen Zhiliang Yao Qiang Zhang David Vance Wagner Hong Huo Yingzhi Zhang Bo Zheng Kebin He State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University School of Food and Chemical Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua University International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) Institute of Energy Environment and Economy Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Tsinghua University

A database of real-world diesel vehicle emission factors, based on type and technology, has been developed following tests on more than 300 diesel vehicles in China using a portable emission measurement system. The database provides better understanding of diesel vehicle emissions under actual driving conditions. We found that although new regulations have reduced real-world emission levels of diesel trucks and buses significantly for most pollutants in China, NOx emissions have been inadequately controlled by the current standards, especially for diesel buses, because of bad driving conditions in the real world. We also compared the emission factors in the database with those calculated by emission factor models and used in inventory studies. The emission factors derived from COPERT（Computer Programmer to calculate emissions from Road Transport） and MOBILE may both underestimate real emission factors, whereas the updated COPERT and PART5（Highway vehicle Particulate emission Modeling Software） models may overestimate emission factors in China. Real-world measurement results and emission factors used in recent emission inventory studies are inconsistent,which has led to inaccurate estimates of emissions from diesel trucks and buses over recent years. This suggests that emission factors derived from European or US-based models will not truly represent real-world emissions in China. Therefore, it is useful and necessary to conduct systematic real-world measurements of vehicle emissions in China in order to obtain the optimum inputs for emission inventory models.

关键词： Diesel vehicle emission factor Portable emission measurement system Database China

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Statistical Modeling of Exhaust emissions from Gasoline Passenger Cars

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology (English Edition) 2021年第zk期30卷 52-63页

作者： Hao, Lijun Hao, Chunxiao Ji, Liang Yin, Hang Zhang, Weiqiang Wang, Xiaohu Liu, Jin School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China Anhui Baolong Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd. Hefei230031 China

In this study, an instantaneous vehicle emission model was developed and validated. A group of emission regression functions with vehicle speed and VSP as variables was established using the multiple linear regression method and embedded in the instantaneous emission model to predict vehicle emissions. The inputs of the instantaneous vehicle emission model consist of the driving cycle, vehicle parameters and accessories use, all of which are used to calculate the instantaneous vehicle specific power (VSP). The simulated results of the emission model are second-by-second emission rates, emission factors and fuel consumption over the target driving cycle. The predicted emissions as well as fuel consumption of four passenger cars were very close to the tested emission data, and the prediction errors of emission factors and fuel consumptions were acceptable. © 2020 Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology

关键词： Linear regression

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Air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the Yangtze River Delta region during 2014–2016

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2019年第9期31卷 8-20页

作者： Tao Ma Fengkui Duan Kebin He Yu Qin Dan Tong Guannan Geng Xuyan Liu Hui Li Shuo Yang Siqi Ye Beiyao Xu Qiang Zhang Yongliang Ma State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China National Satellite Meteorological Center Beijing 100081 China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

With rapid economic growth and urbanization, the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region in China has experienced serious air pollution challenges. In this study, we analyzed the air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the YRD region during 2014–2016. In recent years, the concentrations of all air pollutants, except O3,decreased. Spatially, the PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO concentrations were higher in the northern YRD region, and NO2 and O3 were higher in the central YRD region. Based on the number of non-attainment days(i.e., days with air quality index greater than 100), PM2.5 was the largest contributor to air pollution in the YRD region, followed by O3, PM10, and ***, particulate matter pollution has declined gradually, while O3 pollution *** conditions mainly influenced day-to-day variations in pollutant concentrations. PM2.5 concentration was inversely related to wind speed, while O3 concentration was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with relative *** air quality improvement in recent years was mainly attributed to emission *** 2014–2016, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, NH3, and volatile organic compound(VOC)emissions in the YRD region were reduced by 26.3%, 29.2%, 32.4%, 8.1%, 15.9%, 4.5%, and0.3%, respectively. Regional transport also contributed to the air pollution. During regional haze periods, pollutants from North China and East China aggravated the pollution in the YRD region. Our findings suggest that emission reduction and regional joint prevention and control helped to improve the air quality in the YRD region.

关键词： Air pollution Spatiotemporal variation Meteorological condition emission inventory Regional transport Yangtze River Delta

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Improved atmospheric mercury simulation using updated gas-particle partition and organic aerosol concentrations

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2022年第9期34卷 106-118页

作者： Kaiyun Liu Qingru Wu Shuxiao Wang Xing Chang Yi Tang Long Wang Tonghao Liu Lei Zhang Yu Zhao Qin’geng Wang Jinsheng Chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Institute of Atmospheric Environment Guangdong provincial academy of environmental scienceGuangzhou 510045China China National Environmental Monitoring Centre Beijing 100012China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmos.Environ. Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

The gaseous or particulate forms of divalent mercury(HgⅡ) significantly impact the spatial distribution of atmospheric mercury concentration and deposition flux(FLX). In the new nested-grid GEOS-Chem model, we try to modify the HgⅡ gas-particle partitioning relationship with synchronous and hourly observations at four sites in China. Observations of gaseous oxidized Hg(GOM), particulate-bound Hg(PBM), and PM 2.5 were used to derive an empirical gas-particle partitioning coefficient as a function of temperature( T) and organic aerosol(OA) concentrations under different relative humidity(RH). Results showed that with increasing RH, the dominant process of HgⅡ gas-particle partitioning changed from physical adsorption to chemical desorption. And the dominant factor of HgⅡ gas-particle partitioning changed from T to OA concentrations. We thus improved the simulated OA concentration field by introducing intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds(I/SVOCs) emission inventory into the model framework and refining the volatile distributions of I/SVOCs according to new filed tests in the recent literatures. Finally, normalized mean biases(NMBs) of monthly gaseous element mercury(GEM), GOM, PBM, WFLX were reduced from-33%–29%, 95%–300%, 64%–261%, 117%–122% to-13%–0%,-20%–80%,-31%–50%,-17%–23%. The improved model explains 69%–98% of the observed atmospheric Hg decrease during 2013–2020 and can serve as a useful tool to evaluate the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention on Mercury.

关键词： Nested GEOS-Chem model HgⅡgas-particle partitioning Organic aerosol Atmospheric mercury Mercury deposition flux

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emission characteristics of offshore fishing ships in the Yellow Bo Sea, China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第3期30卷 83-91页

作者： Yingshuai Liu Yunshan Ge Jianwei Tan Mingliang Fu Asad Naeem Shah Luqiang Li Zhe Ji Yan Ding National Lab of Auto Performance and Emission Test School of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing Beijing 100081 China State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084 China Collaborative Innovation Centre for Regional Environmental Quality Beijing 100084 China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Lahore 54000 Pakistan Vehicle Emission Control Center Ministry of Environmental Protection Beijing 100012 China

Maritime transport has been playing a decisive role in global trade. Its contribution to the air pollution of the sea and coastal areas has been widely recognized. The air pollutant emission inventories of several harbors in China have already been established. However,the emission factors of local ships have not been addressed comprehensively, and thus are lacking from the emission inventories. In this study, on-board emission tests of eight diesel-powered offshore fishing ships were conducted near the coastal region of the northern Yellow Bo Sea fishing ground of Dalian, China. Results show that large amounts of fine particles（ 0.5 μm, 90%） were found in maneuvering mode, which were about five times higher than those during cruise mode. emission rates as well as emission factors based on both distance and fuel were determined during the cruise and maneuvering modes（including departure and arrival）. Average emission rates and distance-based emission factors of CO, HC and PM were much higher during the maneuvering mode as compared with the cruise mode. However, the average emission rate of Nitrous Oxide（NOx） was higher during the cruise mode as compared with the maneuvering modes. On the contrary, the average distance-based emission factors of NOxwere lower during the cruise mode relative to the maneuvering mode due to the low sailing speed of the latter.

关键词： Marine Offshore fishing ship emission factor PEMS Operating modes

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