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ACS ES&T Air 2025年第4期2卷 607-614页

作者： Shuang Chen Huixia Han Lihong Ren Yisheng Xu Libin Wu Yuanguan Gao Yuanbi Yi Xinping Yang Mingliang Fu Hang Yin Yan Ding Pingqing Fu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China；School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Particulate matter (PM) emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGV) pose a threat to both air quality and human health. However, the molecular compositions and chemical properties of these complex mixtures are poorly understood. In this study, we performed a detailed characterization of exhaust PM from LDGV at various speed phases at the molecular level by employing ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. We found that with increasing speed, the number of organic compounds increased significantly, especially organic nitrogen-containing and sulfur-containing compounds. Moreover, the increase of speed leads to high temperature and high pressure in the cylinder, which in turn leads to a series of thermal cracking–polymerization–cyclization reactions, resulting in new particulate matter with more aromatic structures. In addition, considerable intermediate volatility organic compounds and semivolatile organic compounds were identified in the exhaust PM. Notably, we observed the presence of sulfonates in tailpipe particulate matter during low- or high-speed phases, which highlights a previously negligible source of organic sulfonates in the atmosphere.

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Credibility Evaluation of Pems Measurements in Rde Tests: Nox Measurement Uncertainty

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Su, Sheng Hou, Pan Lyu, Liqun Wang, Xin Lyu, Tao Lai, Yitu Luo, Wanyou Ge, Yunshan Wang, Yachao Wang, Qihu College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering Jimei University Xiamen361021 China Xiamen Environment Protection Vehicle Emission Control Technology Center Xiamen361023 China National Laboratory of Automotive Performance & Emission Test School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China Qinghai Plateau Technology Development Co. Ltd. Xining810000 China

First systematic evaluation on the NOx measurement uncertainty of Portable emission Measurement System (PEMS) has been completed in China. Zero and span drift, parameters directly related to the measurement accuracy, were re-evaluated, and the results showed that the zero and step drifts were not linear or stepped, which were independent of to the boundary conditions or measurement principle. The range of zero drift was ± 3.0ppm, meanwhile, more than 95% span drifts were within a range of 1.5%. Then the largest additional NOx emissions due to the step zero drift of 3ppm was 9.4mg/km with the worst case being 6.6mg/km by span drift under Worldwide Light-Duty vehicle Test Cycle(WLTC). Bring these parameters into the evaluation framework, the NOx measurement uncertainty corresponding to China-6a and China-6b were 37.1% and 56.3% respectively, which are larger than previous EU evaluation results, mainly due to the more stringent NOx limit. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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On-Road GHG emissions Characteristics and Durability of Typical China-Vi Hddts in Intercity Transportation

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Lyu, Liqun Zhang, Youyuan Qin, Zhaoxiang Wang, Junfang Yin, Hang Feng, Jianyong Tan, Jianwei Hao, Lijun Ge, Yunshan School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor Co. Ltd Liuzhou545005 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China TRADING CO. LTD Beijing Branch Beijing100080 China National Laboratory of Automotive Performance &amp Emission Test China

China confronts rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation sector, particularly under-addressed emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs), challenging its carbon neutrality goal by 2060. Using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS), the on-road CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions characteristics and durability of seven typical China-VI HDDVs applied for intercity transportation were evaluated. A direct correlation was observed between increased instantaneous CO2 emissions and vehicle specific power (VSP), affirming the positive dependency of CO2 emissions on engine power. However, CH4 emissions remained negligible across various speeds, displaying no obvious correlation with VSP, suggesting that power fluctuations were not the primary factor impacting the CH4. N2O emissions, on the other hand, were independent of speed but increased with increasing VSP. The main explanation is that power fluctuations change the pathway of selective reduction processes in selective catalytic reduction (SCR), affecting N2O selectivity. On-road emission factors indicated declining CO2 and CH4 with increased speed, in contrast to N2O, which presented minimal speed correlation. CH4 and N2O collectively constituted 2.78 – 6.41% of total CO2-equivalent emissions, with negligible CH4 contributions. Consequently, enhancing energy efficiency and optimizing N2O selectivity in SCR are pivotal strategies for controlling GHG emissions of China-VI HDDVs. Regarding durability, engine wear will not significantly increase CO2 emissions, and the CH4 emission durability does not require attention. However, the N2O emission durability necessitates particular attention, given that SCR aging markedly increases N2O selectivity. Notably, the N2O emissions from China-VI HDDVs appear to deteriorate linearly with the increased driving mileages, with R2 ranging from 0.85 to 0.94, and the emission factors are significantly higher than those of HDDVs equipped with other after-treatment techn

关键词： Selective catalytic reduction

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Nox emission Durability of Modern Heavy-Duty Diesel vehicles Based on Long-Term Real Driving Measurement

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Lyu, Liqun Ji, Zhongrui Yin, Hang Wang, Junfang Yang, Wenjuan Tan, Jianwei Hao, Lijun Wang, Xin Wang, Huaiyu Ge, Yunshan Wang, Yachao School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Emission Regulation Office Weichai Power Co. Ltd. Weifang261061 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China Shandong Shengxiang Intelligent Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Weifang262100 China

NOx emission from diesel vehicles generally deteriorates with the increased durability mileage due to the wear and deterioration of engines, after-treatment systems, etc. Three China-VI heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) were selected for four-phase real driving emission (RDE) tests in this paper. After 200,000 km of on-road driving, long-term NOx measurement by portable emission measurement system (PEMS) reveals that the maximum NOx emission factors (387.06 mg/kWh) of test HDDVs are significantly lower than the NOx limit of 690 mg/kWh. For any driving condition, the NOx conversion efficiency of Selected Catalytic Reduction (SCR) falls off almost linearly as durability mileage rises. Importantly, a discernible temperature difference is shown in NOx conversion efficiency deterioration, with the NOx conversion efficiency deterioration rate under low-temperature interval being much higher than that under high-temperature. The NOx conversion efficiency at 200℃ drops by 16.67% ~ 19.82% with the higher durability mileage;however, the highest values at 275℃ ~ 400℃ barely decrease by 4.11%. Interestingly, the de-NOx performance of the SCR catalyst at 250°C demonstrates strong durability, with the maximum NOx conversion efficiency only declining by 2.11% due to the higher durability mileage. With the increased durability mileage, the de-NOx performance deterioration also causes a roughly linear increase in NOx specific emissions under all driving conditions. Urban driving conditions dramatically increase NOx specific emissions compared to the other two. Under urban driving conditions, the poor durability of SCR catalyst under low-temperature intervals and low NOx conversion efficiency have created significant difficulties for HDDVs’ NOx emission control and urban atmospheric protection. The moving average window (MAW)-based NOx results’ linear fitting correlation coefficient is 0.90 ~ 0.92, indicating that the results may be trusted. After 702,700 km of on-road driving, Vehi

关键词： Durability

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非农业源排放增强大气二甲胺浓度并调节城市颗粒物成核

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Science Bulletin 2023年第13期68卷 1447-1455,M0004页

作者：常运华凌清扬盖鑫磊袁相洋周升钱程凯毛鉴炯黄丹丹胡磬遥鲁君崔世杰高雅琴陆轶群朱亮谭稳郭松胡敏王红丽黄成黄汝锦张远航胡建林 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters NUIST Center on Atmospheric EnvironmentNanjing University of Information Science&Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologyNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental SciencesShanghai 200233China TOFWERK China Nanjing 211800China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global ChangeKey Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry&PhysicsInstitute of Earth and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China

气态二甲胺(DMA)是大气新粒子生成的关键前体物,然而对其来源与空气和气候效应仍存在巨大争议.本研究率先对中国大气DMA浓度开展了南北跨区域与城市内部的走航观测.发现亚热带森林植物的DMA排放浓度可能南方远高于北方,同时记录到由工... 详细信息

气态二甲胺(DMA)是大气新粒子生成的关键前体物,然而对其来源与空气和气候效应仍存在巨大争议.本研究率先对中国大气DMA浓度开展了南北跨区域与城市内部的走航观测.发现亚热带森林植物的DMA排放浓度可能南方远高于北方,同时记录到由工业脉冲排放所导致的全球最高大气DMA浓度.在高度城市化的上海地区,DMA浓度自市中心向外围逐渐降低且与人口密度关联.源排放的直接测试进一步表明中国区域和城市内部的大气二甲胺都深受非农业源排放的影响.大气化学传输模式也证实,居民DMA排放主导了上海城市大气颗粒物数浓度的贡献.该研究将外场观测、源排放测试与模型模拟相结合,呈现了中国大气二甲胺的全生命周期,为颗粒物污染防治和气候变化评估提供了有用参考.

关键词： Newparticleformation Amines Volatile organic compounds Urbanatmosphere Non-agricultural sources

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Towards rational design of Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts with less N2O formation in NH3-SCR reaction: The effect of Brønsted acid sites

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Journal of environmental Sciences (China) 2025年 157卷 546-557页

作者： Liu, Jianqi Du, Jinpeng Wang, Jingyi Han, Shichao Shan, Yulong Zhang, Yan Wu, Xuanhao Gao, Shan Yu, Yunbo Wu, Zhongbiao Shan, Wenpo He, Hong Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen361021 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100085 China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo315800 China Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201210 China Department of Environmental Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China Zhejiang Tianlan Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd. Hangzhou311202 China

Ammonia Selective Catalytic Reduction (NHs-SCR) technology has been employed to eliminate NOx from diesel engine exhaust, with Cu-SSZ-13 serving as the commercial catalyst. The greenhouse gas N2O is produced as a byproduct when using Cu-SSZ-13 as the NH3-SCR catalyst. To achieve synergistic control of pollutants and greenhouse gases in diesel engine exhaust, rational design of Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts is required. In this study, the effect of Brønsted acid sites in Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts on the formation of N2O was investigated. Mild thermal treatment was innovatively employed to prepare Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts with different amounts of Brønsted acid sites. EPR, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, NMR were utilized to determine that the Brønsted acid sites were modified while the Cu species remained unchanged. Thereby an accurate assessment of the influence of Brønsted acid sites on N2O formation could be achieved. Our results showed that Cu-SSZ-13 with more Brønsted acid sites produced less N2O during the NH3-SCR reaction. In the low-temperature region, the presence of framework acid sites facilitates the decomposition of the NH4NO3 assisted by NO to form N2 and H2O, reducing the formation of N2O. In the high-temperature region, the Brønsted acid sites promote the decomposition of NH2NO into N2 and H2O. Meanwhile, the N2O-SCR reaction can also be promoted by Brønsted acid sites, thereby decreasing N2O emissions. This study suggests that in the future design and synthesis of Cu-SSZ-13 zeolites, attention should be paid to creating more Brønsted acid sites in Cu-SSZ-13 to reduce N2O emissions. © 2024

关键词： emission control

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Technical Analysis of Blending Fusel to Reduce Carbon emission and Pollution emission of Diesel Engine

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Liu, Jia Dong, Juntong Li, Xiaodan Xu, Teng Li, Zhenguo Ampah, Jeffrey Dankwa Ikram, Mubasher Zhang, Shihai Jin, Chao Geng, Zhenlong Sun, Tianyun Liu, Haifeng Vehicle Emission Control Center Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science Bejing100012 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science Beijing100012 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China China Automobile Technology &Research Center Co. Ltd. Tianjin300300 China State Key Laboratory of Engines Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China

Replacing fossil energy with renewable resources is an important means of reducing carbon emissions. As a by-product of fermentation to produce ethanol, fusel oil is a renewable organic liquid with a wide range of sources. It has high environmental benefits when used as a partial substitute for diesel. The characteristics of fusel alcohols were studied by analyzing the water-holding capacity of the main components in the fusel alcohols mixed with diesel. Three kinds of fuels (20% fusel with 0% water content, 20% fusel with 6% water content, and pure diesel) were selected for their combustion and emission characteristics in a diesel engine. The results demonstrate that the absorption of moisture from the air has no visible effect on the stability of the fuel, and the fuel continues to remain single phase. Adding 20% fusel oil with 6% water content will increase brake thermal efficiency by about 0.7%. The soot emission can be reduced by up to 47.5%, and the NOx emitted by the water-containing fuel can be reduced by about 6.4%. In all, incorporating fusel oil into diesel at a ratio of 20% will not adversely affect the fuel, and it can be directly used in existing diesel engines. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fuels

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Long-Term Plume-Chasing Measurements: emission Characteristics and Spatial Patterns of Heavy-Duty Trucks in a Megacity

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yang, Pan Wang, Hui Wu, Xiaomeng Xiao, Shupei Zheng, Xuan You, Yan Zhang, Shaojun Wu, Ye State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing100084 China College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Guangdong Shenzhen518060 China National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research Institute Macau University of Science and Technology 999078 China

Assessing the emissions of heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) is crucial for managing air quality in megacities, especially concerning nitrogen oxides (NOX) and black carbon (BC). This study employed mobile plume chasing to monitor the real-world emissions of over 7,778 HDDTs in Shenzhen. The findings indicate that the real-world NOX emission factors (EF) of China IV trucks did not differ significantly from those of China III, whereas China V and VI vehicles demonstrated fleet-averaged reductions of 27% and 85%, respectively. For China V, a significant decrease in the NOX EF for HDDTs registered after 2017 was attributed to the installation of advanced aftertreatment systems, including diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) and Diesel Particle Filters (DPF), along with selective catalytic reduction (SCR). These technologies led to an average reduction of 42% in NOX and 61% in BC emissions. Seasonal variations were pronounced, with winter (~20°C) NOX EF 40% higher than summer (~35°C) levels. Conversely, BC EF decreased by 26% in winter, indicating significant impacts of ambient temperature on emissions. Spatial analysis revealed that the average NOX EF of HDDTs on east freeways was 1.4 times higher than that on urban expressways, influenced by variations in the proportion of vehicle types segmented by usage. These findings offer a comprehensive perspective on HDDTs emissions, highlighting the importance of large-scale emission monitoring through plume chasing for precise and effective control of real-world HDDTs emissions. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nitrogen oxides

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Technical Analysis of Blending Fusel to Reduce Carbon emission and Pollution emission of Diesel Engine

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Liu, Haifeng Liu, Jia Sun, Tianyun Dong, Juntong Li, Zhenguo Ikram, Mubasher Zhang, Shihai Jin, Chao Geng, Zhenlong Xu, Teng Li, Xiaodan Vehicle Emission Control Center Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science Bejing100012 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science Beijing100012 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China China Automobile Technology &Research Center Co. Ltd. Tianjin300300 China State Key Laboratory of Engines Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China

Replacing fossil energy with renewable resources is an important means of reducing carbon emissions. As a by-product of fermentation to produce ethanol, fusel oil is a renewable organic liquid with a wide range of sources, and its use to partially replace diesel has high environmental benefits. The main component of fusel oil has strong water absorption, so this paper studies the stability and combustion performance of diesel blended with fusel oil after absorbing a small amount of water in the air. The characteristics of fusel alcohols were studied by analyzing the water-holding capacity of the main components in the fusel alcohols mixed with diesel. Three kinds of fuels (containing 20% fusel, no water;containing 20% fusel, and 6% water in the fusel;diesel) were selected for combustion experiments and analyzed the exhaust gas composition. The results demonstrate that the absorption of moisture from the air has no visible effect on the stability of the fuel and the fuel continues to remain single phase. Adding 20% fusel oil with water will increase break thermal efficiency by about 0.7%. The soot emission can be reduced by up to 47.5% and the NOx emitted by the water-containing fuel can be reduced by about 6.4%. At the same time, due to the significantly lower cost of fusel alcohol, under the same energy output from the engine, adding 20% fusel oil will reduce the cost by ~15%. Taken together, the incorporation of fusel oil into diesel at a ratio of 20% will not adversely affect the fuel, and it can be directly used in existing diesel engines. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Water absorption

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Application of smog chambers in atmospheric process studies

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National Science Review 2022年第2期9卷 126-141页

作者： Biwu Chu Tianzeng Chen Yongchun Liu Qingxin Ma Yujing Mu Yonghong Wang Jinzhu Ma Peng Zhang Jun Liu Chunshan Liu Huaqiao Gui Renzhi Hu Bo Hu Xinming Wang Yuesi Wang Jianguo Liu Pinhua Xie Jianmin Chen Qian Liu Jingkun Jiang Junhua Li Kebin He Wenqing Liu Guibin Jiang Jiming Hao Hong He State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing Convenient Environmental Tech Co.Ltd Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institutes of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University

Smog chamber experimental systems,which have been widely used in laboratory simulation for studying atmospheric processes,are comprehensively reviewed in this *** components,development history,main research topics and main achievements of smog chambers are *** smog chambers in the world,including their volumes,wall materials,light sources and features,are summarized and *** factors of smog chambers and their influences on the simulation of the atmospheric environment are discussed,including wall loss,wall emission and background *** features of next-generation smog chambers and their application prospect in future studies of the atmospheric environment are also outlined in this paper.

关键词： smog chamber simulation wall effect secondary aerosol ozone

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