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laboratory and field evaluation of a low-cost optical particle sizer

Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 215-225页

作者： Mingzhen Tang Yicheng Shen Yanzhen Ge Jian Gao Chong Wang Liqing Wu Shuchun Si State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Jinan Grid-Based Supervision Center of Ecological and Environmental Protection Jinan 250100China Tai’an Ecological Environment Protection Control Center Tai’an 271000China School of Physics Shandong UniversityJinan 250013China

Low-cost sensors are widely used to collect high-spatial-resolution particulate matter data that traditional reference monitoring devices *** addition to the mass concentration,the number concentration and size distribution are also fundamental in determining the origin and hazard level of particulate ***,low-cost optical sensors have been improved to establish optical particle sizers(OPSs).In this study,a low-cost OPS,the Nova SDS029,is introduced,and it is evaluated in comparison to two reference instruments—the GRIMM 11-D and the TSI *** first tested the sizing accuracy using polystyrene latex ***,we assessed the mass and number size distribution accuracy in three application scenarios:indoor smoking,ambient air quality,and mobile *** evaluations suggest that the low-cost SDS029 rivals research-grade optical sizers in many *** example,(1)the particle diameters obtained with the SDS029 are close to the reference instruments(usually<10%)in the 0.3-5μm range;(2)the number of particles and mass concentration are highly correlated(r≥0.99)with the values obtained with the reference instruments;and(3)the SDS029 slightly underestimates the number concentration,but the derived PM_(2.5)values are closer to monitoring station than the reference *** successful application of the SDS029 in multiple scenarios suggests that a plausible particle size distribution can be obtained in an easy and cost-efficient *** believe that low-cost OPSs will increasingly be used to map the sources and risk levels of particles at the city scale.

关键词： Optical particle sizer Particle size distribution Low-cost sensor Evaluation Field application

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Hydrochemistry characteristics and genesis of shallow groundwater in diverse industrial agglomeration areas in typical alluvial plain of the Yellow River

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 958卷 177764页

作者： Zhang, Fan Yuan, Ying Xi, Beidou Lu, Haojie Jiang, Yu Hui, Kunlong Tan, Wenbing Wang, Hui Meng, Fanhua State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China

The groundwater environment in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River in China has attracted extensive attention. But, the hydrochemistry characteristics and genesis of shallow groundwater in diverse industrial agglomeration areas in typical alluvial plain of the Yellow River are still unknown. In this study, geochemical analysis methods, the positive matrix factorisation model, and the geodetector model were used to multidimensional analyze. The results showed that 78 % of the groundwater samples had high-alkalinity-risk and high-salinity-risk, and the water quality was poor and unsuitable for irrigation. "Very poor" and "undrinkable" samples accounted for 26.31 %. The weathering of calcium magnesium minerals and the dissolution of soluble sulfate were important sources of the main chemical components of the groundwater. However, evaporation and concentration gradually dominated from the inclined plain of the piedmont to the alluvial plain of the Yellow River. Domestic and agricultural activities were important sources of nitrogen species (NO3−, NO2−, and NH4+). The presence of Al, Mn, Zn, and Pb was caused by the production activities of various enterprises. The pollution contributors of natural sources, domestic and agricultural activities, industrial production and other sources were 29.49 %, 17.05 %, 31.41 %, and 22.05 %, respectively. Groundwater velocity and enterprise type were the main factors driving groundwater pollution by these four metal substances. The interaction between enterprise type and groundwater velocity had the greatest influence on the concentrations of Al, Mn, and Zn. Moreover, the interaction between enterprise type and the distance from enterprise had the greatest influence on Pb levels. Overall, groundwater pollution in the study area was the result of both natural and human factors. The findings of this study can offer valuable insights and theoretical support for preventing groundwater pollution in other industrial agglomerat

关键词： Groundwater geochemistry

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risks of biodegradable films: The time-lagged release of phthalic acid esters and organophosphates esters under realistic agricultural environments

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environmental Pollution 2025年 377卷 126467页

作者： Yang, Yuhe Han, Yanna Zhao, Xuan Liu, Xiangdong Zhang, Wei Peng, Cheng Kong, Lingjuan Zhan, Xiuping State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process School of Resource and Environmental Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China Shanghai Agricultural Extension and Service Center Shanghai201103 China

Agricultural plastic films, while boosting crop productivity, may pose significant environmental risks due to additive release during crack degradation. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs), widely used as plasticizers and flame retardants respectively, represent two additive categories of the greatest environmental concern due to their persistence and endocrine-disrupting properties. This study systematically investigated the dynamic release of PAEs and OPEs from polyethylene (PE) and biodegradable poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/polylactic acid (PBAT/PLA)-based films under four simulated agricultural conditions: Natural conditions (NC), UV irradiation (UV), high temperature (HT), and flooding (FC). Uncultivated soil exhibited Σ8PAEs and Σ7OPEs approximately of 1317.5 ng/g and 1931.1 ng/g, respectively. During a 360 d incubation period, the contents of PAEs in soil surged during a short-term period, which may link to the desorption of adsorbed contaminant. Biodegradable films released higher PAEs concentrations than PE films, with secondary contamination peaks emerging 180–360 d post-incubation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that structural degradation (e.g., cracks/holes) during early degradation (0–180 d) unexpectedly amplified additive leaching in later stages, contrasting with assumptions of reduced contamination risks over time. UV irradiation had a photo-degradation effect on PAEs further accelerated the release of pollutants by 25–40 %, while high temperature and flooding conditions showed limited promoting effects along with NC conditions. These findings highlight the need for additive-free formulations and environment-specific mulch management policies to mitigate soil contamination risks. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Endocrine disrupters

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Parametric Design of Curved Hydrocyclone and its Optimization Based on Artificial Neural Networks Prediction

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zheng, Yan Wang, Jian-Gang Wang, Hua-Lin Sun, Mo-Chuan Liu, Xiao-Yan School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai201418 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China

In order to obtain a higher particle separation efficiency, a method of parametric design of the cylinder cone section of curved hydrocyclone based on control points and data points is proposed. The radial diameters were used as input variables to the BP neural network to predict separation performance, which makes it feasible to optimize the profile of the cylinder and cone section of the curved hydrocyclone. The separation efficiency of Bezier-Curved-Cone hydrocyclone (BCCH) designed using control points is up to 69.24%, and the separation efficiency of Spline-Curved-Cone hydrocyclone (SCCH) designed using data points is up to 73.30%, both of which are higher than that of the conventional Thew's class hydrocyclone (with a separation efficiency of 62.43%). Meanwhile, the pressure drop of BCCH is the lowest among all of the five hydrocyclones. No.10 hydrocyclone was predicted to be the best one with separation efficiency up to 78.41% using BP neural network, which was experimentally verified. The novel hydrocyclones with curved profile provides new approach to enhancing separation performance, and the research costs can be reduced by using neural network-based performance prediction and optimization. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neural networks

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Facile Construction of Multifunctional Bio-Aerogel for Efficient Separation of Surfactant-Stabilized Oil-in-Water Emulsions and Co-Existing Organic Pollutant

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Bingjie Zhang, Hanyu Yang, Xiaoyong Tian, Tao State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China

The deep treatment of robust oily emulsion wastewater has long been an arduous challenge. Herein, a biomass-derived PEI-TiO2@Gelatin aerogel (PEI-TiO2@GA) with honeycomb-like porous structure was fabricated. The interface wetting characteristics of PEI-TiO2@GA could be selectively switched between the superlipophilicity and superoleopholicity through the merely pre-wetting process. Combined with extraordinary structure and superwetting properties, PEI-TiO2@GA was proved to be ideal for oils absorption (17-26 g/g) and MO dye adsorption (73.549 mg/g) with high up-taking rate. Simultaneously, as-prepared PEI-TiO2@GA could realize various surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions separation simply under gravity with separation efficiency as high as 99.21 % and permeation flux up to 203.56 L/m2·h. In addition, PEI-TiO2@GA was highly resistant toward mechanical compression (1.952 MPa), and showed stable and satisfied regenerability within 5 cycles by performing solvent replacement approach. Combining with the newly developed separator and dynamic emulsion separation device, the continuous deep separation of the emulsion and the synergistic removal of co-existing pollutants can be achieved with the enhanced separation efficiency and permeation flux. Most importantly, the mechanism results shows that emulsion demulsification and co-existing pollutant separation were two independent processes. This work opens up a new avenue to customize advanced bio-aerogels for industrial effluent treatment and environmental remediation. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Occurrence and risk of Microplastics in Urban Drinking Water Systems: From Source Water to Tap Water

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Han, Ziwei Jiang, Jiali Ni, Xuan Xia, Jing Yan, Chicheng Cui, Changzheng State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process School of Resources and Environmental Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai200092 China

The widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) in drinking water systems and their risk of releasing additives has caused widespread concern. In this study, micro-Raman spectrometer was used to track the entire transport process of MPs from the water source to the tap water, with concentrations ranging from 805 to 4960 items/L, and six kinds of MPs were detected. The removal efficiency of MPs at the drinking water treatment plant was 85.0 ± 5.2%. However, chlorination increased the proportion of polystyrene (PS) by 40.1 ± 5.3%. Chlorination increases the surface roughness and CI of PS, and promotes the release of hexabromocyclododecane (482.0 ng/g–2208.7 ng/g). The non-carcinogenic risk index of hexabromocyclododecane ingestion through drinking water remains well below 1 for residents. Complete water treatment processes significantly reduce the risks posed by MPs, achieving reductions of 54.3% in the pollution load index and 82.1% in the potential ecological risk index. The estimated daily intake of MPs ingested by residents through tap water ranges from 33.4–45.6 items/kg/d. This study investigates the fate and risk of MPs in a complete drinking water supply chain, which could help develop more effective MPs control measures and risk management strategies. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： risk assessment

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High Efficiency and Selective Separation of Oily Wastewater Based on Superamphiphilic Biomass Aerogel: Characteristics, Mechanisms and Application

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Bingjie Wang, Yuxin Tian, Tao Bai, Zhishan State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China

The design and development of multifunctional materials to meet the sophisticated requirements of oily wastewater treatment is an urgent need and remains a great challenge. Herein, a superamphiphilic bio-aerogel (PTGA) with honeycomb-like porous structure was synthesized. The directional and reversible control of interfacial wettability can be achieved by simple pre-wetting process and solvent replacement method. Combined with the advantages of structure and wettability, PTGA was proved to be ideal for high-efficient oil-water mixture separation (J> 1500 L/m2·h, η> 99.8%), oils absorption (Cabs = 17-26 g/g) and dye selective removal (MO: 73.552mg/g, MB: 45.876 mg/g). Furthermore, based on the newly developed dynamic separation device and excellent mechanical property of PTGA, enhanced separation of oil-water mixture (J = 3007 L/m2·h) and synergistic removal of co-existing pollutants (MB: 51.274 mg/g) were realized. Mechanism results indicated that the transition of interfacial wetting properties of PTGA was a multi-stage process, while oil/water separation and dye adsorption were two independent processes. Benefit from facile synthesis and unparalleled characteristics, the designed PTGA promise to be reliable and competitive candidates in wastewater remediation. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aerogels

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Health benefits from the rapid reduction in ambient exposure to air pollutants after China's clean air actions:progress in efficacy and geographic equality

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 103-113页

作者： Tao Xue Ruohan Wang Meng Wang Yanying Wang Dan Tong Xia Meng Conghong Huang Siqi Ai Fangzhou Li Jingyuan Cao Mingkun Tong Xueqiu Ni Hengyi Liu Jianyu Deng Hong Lu Wei Wan Jicheng Gong Shiqiu Zhang Tong Zhu Institute of Reproductive and Child Health National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health/Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(PKU) School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Centre State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Exposure and Health Risk Management and Center for Environment and Health Peking University Advanced Institute of Information Technology Peking University Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at Buffalo State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University School of Public Health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of HealthFudan University College of Land Management Nanjing Agricultural University National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation Clean Air Asia

Clean air actions （CAAs） in China have been linked to considerable benefits in public ***,whether the beneficial effects of CAAs are equally distributed geographically is *** high-resolution maps of the distributions of major air pollutants (fine particulate matter[PM2.5]and ozone[O3]) and population,we aimed to track spatiotemporal changes in health impacts from,and geographic inequality embedded in,the reduced exposures to PM2.5and O3from 2013 to *** used a method established by the Global Burden of Diseases *** analyzing the changes in loss of life expectancy（LLE） attributable to PM2.5and O3,we calculated the gain of life expectancy （GLE） to quantify the health benefits of the air-quality ***,we assessed the geographic inequality embedded in the GLE using the Gini index （GI）.Based on risk assessments of PM2.5and O3,during the first stage of CAAs（2013 to 2017）,the mean GLE was 1.87 *** of the sum of the GLE was disproportionally distributed in about one quarter of the population exposed （GI 0.44）.During the second stage of CAAs（2017 to 2020）,the mean GLE increased to 3.94 months and geographic inequality decreased （GI 0.18）.According to our assessments,CAAs were enhanced,from the first to second stages,in terms of not only preventing premature mortality but also ameliorating health *** enhancements were related to increased sensitivity to the health effects of air pollution and synergic control of PM2.5and *** findings will contribute to optimizing future CAAs.

关键词： clean air action public health inequality fine particulate matter ozone

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Health of plateau soil environment: Corresponding relationship of heavy metals in different land use/cover types (LULCC)

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 973卷 179162页

作者： Fu, Zhenghui Liu, Yong Jiang, Xia Guo, Huaicheng Wang, Shuhang Li, Zheng State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China

The study of land use and land cover change (LULCC) in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is an important part of regional land science and global change science research. Due to their sensitive response to climate change, plateau lakes undergo changes in their surrounding land use types and soil physicochemical properties, which in turn affect soil environmental health. In the context of global climate change, more scholars are focusing on the relationship between climate change and the transformation of land use types, while research on the response relationship between land use types and pollutant accumulation at the end of the entire system is scarce. This study systematically analyzed the bioavailability and migration dynamics of heavy metals in soils of different land use types in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau watershed, providing solid data support for ecological protection and high-quality development of the plateau watershed, and offering new research ideas for water environment security in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau under the background of climate change. © 2025

关键词： Lakes

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Degradation behaviors of Nabumetone and its metabolite during UV/monochloramine process:Experimental and theoretical study

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 103-114页

作者： Xiang Tu Yunsong Bai Qing Fu Sheng Chang Kunfeng Zhang Yang Pan Ruiyang Xiao Yifu Fu Qi Zhang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source ProtectionResearch Centre of Lake EnvironmentNational Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological RestorationChinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China Institute of Environmental Engineering School of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China

This study investigated degradation behaviors of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug Nabumetone(NMT)and its major metabolite 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid(MNA)in the coupling process of ultraviolet and monochloramine(UV/NH2Cl).The second-order rate constants of the contaminants reacting with reactive radicals(HO·,Cl·,Cl_(2)·-,and CO_(3)·^(-))were determined by laser flash photolysis ***·and Cl·contributed predominantly with 52.3%and 21.7%for NMT degradation and 60.8%and 22.3%for MNA *** presence of chlorides retarded the degradation of NMT,while promoted the destruction of MNA,which was ascribed to the photosensitization effects of MNA under UV *** functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that radical adduct formation(RAF)was dominant pathway for both HO·and Cl·reacting with the contaminants,and hydrogen atom transfer(HAT)preferred to occur on side chains of NMT and *** reacted with NO_(2)·through single electron transfer(SET)with the second-order rate constant calculated to be 5.35×10^(7)(mol/L)^(-1)sec^(-1),and the contribution of NO_(2)·was predicted to be 13.0%of the total rate constant of NMT in pure water,which indicated that NO_(2)·played a nonnegligible role in the degradation of *** acute toxicity and developmental toxicity of NMT were enhanced after UV/NH_(2)Cl treatment,while those of MNA were *** transformation products of both NMT and MNA exhibited higher mutagenicity than their parent *** study provides a deep understanding of the mechanism of radical degradation of NMT and MNA in the treatment of UV/NH2Cl.

关键词： UV/NH_(2)Cl Reactive species Degradation kinetics Reaction mechanism Degradation products

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