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Organic nitrogen in PM2.5 in Beijing

Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第6期9卷 1004-1014页

作者： Qian ZHANG Fengkui DUAN Kebin HE Yongliang MA Haiyan LI Takashi KIMOTO Aihua ZHENG State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Kimoto Electric Co. Ltd. Funahashi-Cho Tennouji-Ku Osaka 543-0024 Japan Analysis and Testing Center of Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Nitrogenous species, as important chemical components in PM2.5, include organic nitrogen （ON） and inorganic nitrogen （IN）, both of which have potential effects on human health, climate change and visibility degradation. In this study, we analyzed total nitrogen （TN） by CHN Elemental analyzer and inorganic nitrogen by ion chromatography （IC） respectively to obtain ON by calculating the difference between TN and IN. The results show that the mean ON concentrations in winter and summer are both 2.86 μg. m-a, ten times higher than other places reported on average. ON contributes about 20%- 30% to TN on average in both seasons, presenting higher contribution in summer. N：C ratios are much higher in summer than winter. ON sources or formation were strengthened by heavy PM2.5 pollution loads, especially sensitive to sulfate. ON concentrations are higher at night in the both seasons, however with distinguished day and night difference patterns influenced by relative humidity （RH） conditions. In winter, ON concentrations increase with RH on average through low RH values to high RH values. The variations are far larger than the ones caused by day and night difference. However in summer, day and night difference dominates the variations of ON concen- trations at low RH values, and RH conditions promote ON concentrations increase significantly only at high RH values. Dust related source and anthropogenic emission related secondary source are identified as important sources for ON. At heavy pollution loads, ON sources are more of secondary formation, possibly strengthened by combination influence of RH and acidity increase.

关键词： organic nitrogen N：C ratio secondary dayand night variation relative humidity （RH） acidity

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Evaluation of soil microbial toxicity of waste foundry sand for soil-related reuse

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2014年第1期8卷 89-98页

作者： Haifeng ZHANG Lu SU Xiangyu LI Jiane ZUO Guangli LIU Yujue WANG State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University Jiaxing 314000 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China

The relationship between the chemical con- taminants and soil microbial toxicity of waste foundry sand （WFS） was investigated. Five different types of WFS from typical ferrous, aluminum, and steel foundries in China were examined for total metals, leachable metals, and organic contaminants. The soil microbial toxicity of each WFS was evaluated by measuring the dehydrogenase activity （DHA） of a blended soil and WFS mixture and then comparing it to that of unblended soil. The results show that the five WFSs had very different compositions of metal and organic contaminants and thus exhibited very different levels of soil microbial inhibition when blended with soil. For a given WFS blended with soil in the range of 10wt.%-50wt.% WFS, the DHA decreased almost linearly with increased blending ratio. Furthermore, for a given blending ratio, the WFSs with higher concentrations of metal and organic contaminants exhibited greater microbial toxicity. Correlation analysis shows that the relationship between ecotoxicity and metal and organic contaminants of WFSs can be described by an empirical logarithmic linear model. This model may be used to control WFS blending ratios in soil-related applications based on chemical analysis results to prevent significant inhibition of soil microbial activity.

关键词： waste foundry sand toxicity bioassay soilmicrobial activity waste reuse

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δ^(15)N-stable isotope analysis of NH_(x): An overview on analytical measurements, source sampling and its source apportionment

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第6期15卷 175-185页

作者： Noshan Bhattarai Shuxiao Wang Yuepeng Pan Qingcheng Xu Yanlin Zhang Yunhua Chang Yunting Fang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

Agricultural sources and non-agricultural emissions contribute to gaseous ammonia(NH_(3))that plays a vital role in severe haze *** and quantitative contributions of these sources to ambient PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter below 2.5µm)concentrations remains *** nitrogen isotopic composition(δ^(15)N)of NH_(3)and NH_(4)+(δ^(15)N(NH_(3))andδ^(15)N(NH_(4)+),respectively)can yield valuable information about its sources and associated *** review provides an overview of the recent progress in analytical techniques forδ^(15)N(NH_(3))andδ^(15)N(NH_(4)+)measurement,sampling of atmospheric NH_(3)and NH_(4)+in the ambient air and their sources signature(e.g.,agricultural *** fuel),and isotope-based source apportionment of NH_(3)in urban *** study highlights that collecting sample that are fully representative of emission sources remains a challenge in fingerprintingδ^(15)N(NH_(3))values of NH_(3)emission ***,isotopic fractionation during NH_(3)gas-to-particle conversion under varying ambient field conditions(e.g.,relative humidity,particle pH,temperature)remains unclear,which indicates more field and laboratory studies to validate theoretically predicted isotopic fractionation are ***,this study concludes that lack of refinedδ^(15)N(NH_(3))fingerprints and full understanding of isotopic fractionation during aerosol formation in a laboratory and field conditions is a limitation for isotope-based source apportionment of NH_(3).More experimental work(in chamber studies)and theoretical estimations in combinations of field verification are necessary in characterizing isotopic fractionation under various environmental and atmospheric neutralization conditions,which would help to better interpret isotopic data and our understanding on NH_(x)(NH_(3)+NH_(4)+)dynamics in the atmosphere.

关键词： Aerosol ammonium Atmospheric gaseous ammonia Isotope fingerprinting Isotope-based source apportionment Ammonia gas-to-particle conversion

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温度分层对于污染物在水库中运行时间的影响（英文）

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2015年第4期16卷 265-278页

作者： Xiao-feng ZHANG Shi REN Jun-qing LU Xin-hua LU State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University South China Institute of Environmental Science State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control

目的:水库存在的温度分层导致入流能够形成表层流、间层流或者底层流。探讨温度分层的强弱对于污染物以间层流方式运动时在水库中滞留时间的影响。创新点:1.通过伯努利能量方程,推导出分层强度与间层流运动时间的关系;2.建立试验模型,... 详细信息

目的:水库存在的温度分层导致入流能够形成表层流、间层流或者底层流。探讨温度分层的强弱对于污染物以间层流方式运动时在水库中滞留时间的影响。创新点:1.通过伯努利能量方程,推导出分层强度与间层流运动时间的关系;2.建立试验模型,成功模拟间层流运动。方法:1.通过理论推导,得到温度分层的强度越大,间层流运动时间越短(公式13);2.在实验室中模拟不同温度分层强度下的间层流运动,验证理论推导的关系式(图7);3.通过数值模拟技术,模拟温度分层存在时的间层流运动,进一步验证温度分层强度与间层流运动时间之间的关系(图12)。结论:1.温度分层的存在会导致入流在分层水体中形成不同形态的流动;2.温度分层强度的增加会导致间层流在分层水体中运动时间变短;3.入流形成间层流方式的不同对于分层强度与间层流运行时间之间的关系没有影响。

关键词：温度分层间层流分层强度浮力频率运动时间

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City-specific vehicle emission control strategies to achieve stringent emission reduction targets in China's Yangtze River Delta region

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2017年第1期29卷 75-87页

作者： Shaojun Zhang Ye Wu Bin Zhao Xiaomeng Wu Jiawei Shu Jiming Hao University of Michigan Department of Mechanical EngineeringAnn ArborMI 48109USA Tsinghua University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlSchool of EnuironmentBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90095USA

The Yangtze River Delta（YRD） region is one of the most prosperous and densely populated regions in China and is facing tremendous pressure to mitigate vehicle emissions and improve air *** assessment has revealed that mitigating vehicle emissions of NOx would be more difficult than reducing the emissions of other major vehicular pollutants（e.g.,CO,HC and PM_（2.5）） in the YRD *** in Shanghai,where the emission control implemented are more stringent than in Jiangsu and Zhejiang,we observed little to no reduction in NOx emissions from 2000 to ***-reduction targets for HC,NOx and PM_（2.5） are determined using a response surface modeling tool for better air *** design city-specific emission control strategies for three vehicle-populated cities in the YRD region：Shanghai and Nanjing and Wuxi in *** results indicate that even if stringent emission control consisting of the Euro 6/VI standards,the limitation of vehicle population and usage,and the scrappage of older vehicles is applied,Nanjing and Wuxi will not be able to meet the NOx emissions target by ***,additional control measures are proposed for Nanjing and Wuxi to further mitigate NOx emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles.

关键词： Vehicle Emission control Scenario Yangtze River Delta

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Modelling the thresholds of nitrogen/phosphorus concentration and hydraulic retention time for bloom control in reclaimed water landscape

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第10期16卷 53-63页

作者： keying Song Shufeng Zhu Yun Lu Guohua Dao Yinhu Wu Zhuo Chen Shengnan Wang Junhan Liu Wenguang Zhou Hong-Ying Hu Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control(SMARC)School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies Beijing 100084China Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization Ministry of Educationand School of ResourcesEnvironmental&Chemical EngineeringNanchang UniversityNanchang 330031China Research Institute for Environmental Innovation(Suzhou)Tsinghua JiangsuSuzhou 215163China

The risks posed by algal blooms caused by nitrogen and phosphorus in reclaimed water used in urban water landscapes need to be carefully *** this study,the combined effects of the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and the light intensity and temperature on the specific growth rates of algae were determined using Monod,Steele,and Arrhenius models,then an integrated algal growth model was *** algae biomass,nitrogen concentration,and phosphorus concentration mass balance equations were used to establish a new control model describing the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration and hydraulic retention time thresholds for algal *** model parameters were determined by fitting the models to data acquired ***,the control model and numerical simulations for six typical algae and mixed algae under standard conditions were used to determine nitrogen/phosphorus concentration and hydraulic retention time thresholds for landscape water to which reclaimed water is supplied(i.e.,for a reclaimed water landscape).

关键词： Reclaimed water landscape Algal bloom Nitrogen and phosphorus Hydraulic retention time Threshold control model

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A passive sampler for synchronously measuring inorganic and organic pollutants in sediment porewater:Configuration and field application

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 201-212页

作者： Pei Lei Mingying Chen Nan Rong Wenzhong Tang Hong Zhang School of Environment Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China South China Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhou 510530China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Guangzhou 510530China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In situ measurement of multiple pollutants coexisting in sediment porewater is an essential step in comprehensively assessing the bioavailability and risk of pollutants,but to date,this needs to be better *** this study,a passive sampler,consisting of an“I-shaped”supporting frame and inorganic/organic sampling units,incorporating equilibrium dialysis theory and kinetic/equilibrium sorption principle,was developed for the synchronous measurement of inorganic(e.g.,phosphorus and metal(loid)s)and organic pollutants(e.g.,parent and substituted PAHs).The equilibrium time and sampling rates were explored in laboratory tests to support in situ *** of pollutants in porewater within a vertical resolution of centimeters,i.e.,1 cm and 2 cm for inorganic and organic pollutants,respectively,were obtained by field deployment of the sampler for further estimation of diffusive fluxes across the sediment-water *** results suggested that the role of sediments for a specific pollutant may change(e.g.,from“sink”to“source”)during the sampling *** study demonstrated the feasibility of synchronous measurement of inorganic and organic pollutants in sediment porewater by the passive *** addition,it provided new insight for further investigation into the combined pollution effects of various pollutants in sediments.

关键词： Passive sampling Bioavailability Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Combined pollution Diffusive flux

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Dosage- and site-dependent retention of black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in farmland soils via long-term biochar addition

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Carbon Research 2024年第1期3卷 1-14页

作者： Zhang, Jun Wang, Yinghui Shi, Yameng Yang, Biwei Zhang, Aiping Du, Zhangliu Zhong, Guangcai Luo, Chunling Zhang, Gan Wang, Junjian Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing100081 China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing100193 China State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou510640 China

Biochar, a soil conditioner containing significant amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has gained widespread popularity in agricultural practices due to its advantages in improving soil fertility and carbon sequestration. While biochar may increase soil black carbon (BC) and PAH contents, the quantitative accumulation of BC and PAHs in different soil environments under varying biochar addition dosages remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the content and composition of black carbon (evaluated using benzene polycarboxylic acids, BPCAs) and PAHs in soils treated with different biochar addition dosages from two long-term experimental farmlands in Ningxia (5-year) and Shandong (7- and 11-year), China. Results showed that increasing cumulative biochar dosage caused elevated contents of black carbon and PAHs, accompanied by decreases in their retention efficiencies. Contrasting retention was observed between sites, with the Shandong site characterized by higher retention efficiencies of BPCAs and lower retention efficiencies of PAHs, possibly owing to its higher temperature, more sandy soil texture, less irrigation, and lower sunlight intensity. Despite both black carbon and PAHs originating from biochar and sharing similar condensed aromatic structures, there was no significant correlation between the contents of black carbon and PAHs, indicating distinct behaviors and fates of these compounds. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing biochar addition dosages and considering site-specific environmental factors for effective soil black carbon sequestration through biochar application. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Aromatization

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Influence of Intermittent Turbulence on Air pollution and Its Dispersion in Winter 2016/2017 over Beijing, China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第1期34卷 176-188页

作者： Wei WEI Hongsheng ZHANG Xuhui CAI Yu SONG Yuxuan BIAN Kaitao XIAO He ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Laboratory for Climate and Ocean–Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871 State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing 102205

With rapid urbanization in recent years,severe air pollution has emerged as a major issue for many regions of China,especially in some metropolises.A persistent pollution case during 6 December 2016–8 January 2017 was selected to investigate the relations between turbulent intermittency and frequent PM2.5(particulate matters with diameter less than 2.5μm)pollution events over the metropolitan region of Beijing,*** accumulation of PM2.5 near the surface frequently occurred as a combined result of strong inversion layers,stagnant winds,high ambient humidity levels,and stable stratification during this ***-order Hilbert spectral analysis indicated that steep decreases in the PM2.5 concentration were simultaneous with the occurrence of intermittent turbulence and strong vertical mixing.A wind profiler observation revealed existence of low-level jets(LLJs)at the end of the polluted periods,suggesting that the upper-level turbulent mixing accompanied by the wind shear of LLJ was transported downward and enhanced the vertical mixing near the surface,which might have caused an abrupt reduction in PM2.5 and improvement in air conditions.

关键词： intermittent turbulence PM2.5 stable stratification Beijing

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Managing nitrogen to achieve sustainable food-energy-water nexus in China

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Nature communications 2025年第1期16卷 4804页

作者： Binhui Chen Xiuming Zhang Baojing Gu State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety Zhejiang University Hangzhou China. College of Environmental & Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China. Policy Simulation Laboratory Zhejiang University Hangzhou China. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg Austria. State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety Zhejiang University Hangzhou China. bjgu@***. College of Environmental & Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China. bjgu@***. Policy Simulation Laboratory Zhejiang University Hangzhou China. bjgu@***.

Nitrogen holds a crucial place in sustaining the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus, which underpins human society. Its importance spans food production, energy generation, and water quality preservation. Here we show that comprehensive nitrogen management strategies offer the dual benefits of satisfying China's food requirements and boosting nitrogen energy production from straw by 1 million tonnes (26%) compared to 2020. Simultaneously, these strategies could lead to a reduction of 8 million tonnes (-31%) in nitrogen fertilizer usage, a decrease of 3.8 million tonnes (-46%) in nitrogen-induced water pollution, and a halving of water consumption in agriculture, all relative to 2020 levels. These transformative changes within the FEW nexus could result in national societal gains of around US$140 billion, against a net investment of just US$8 billion. This highlights the cost-effectiveness of such strategies and their potential to support China's sustainable development goals, especially in hunger relief, clean energy, and aquatic ecosystem protection.

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