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Existence of Hydroxymethanesulfonate (Hms) During Spring Haze and Sandstorm Events in Beijing: Implications for a Heterogeneous Formation Pathway on Mineral Aerosols

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Xu, Yunzhi Ma, Tao Duan, Fengkui Wang, Shuxiao Jiang, Jingkun Cheng, Yafang Su, Hang An, Taicheng Ma, Yongliang Kimoto, Takashi Huang, Tao He, Kebin State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Minerva Research Group Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz55128 Germany Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China Kimoto Electric Co. Ltd. 3-1 Funahashi-Cho Tennouji-Ku Osaka543-0024 Japan

Hydroxymethylsulfonate (HMS) is an abundant secondary organic aerosol from aqueous/heterogeneous processes and may be misidentified as sulfate in conventional measurements. High concentrations of HMS have been observed in humid winter and autumn haze in northern China, while its prevalence in other seasons is unclear and the production medium is controversial. In this study, our field measurements in Beijing during the 2021 spring first showed the presence of HMS in PM2.5 during both haze and sandstorm events despite the different atmospheric conditions. HMS accounted for 0.44% of PM2.5 during haze periods, higher than the proportion (0.097%) during sandstorms. The sum of HMS and sulfate was also higher during the haze (6.5 μg m−3) than during the sandstorm (2.6 μg m−3), while the HMS/sulfate molar ratio during the haze (0.021) was similar to the value during the sandstorm (0.019). HMS concentration showed a good positive correlation with aerosol water content (AWC), indicating heterogeneous production. During haze periods, relatively high AWC favored the formation of HMS. In contrast, relative humidity and AWC decreased significantly during sandstorm events, while high pH favored HMS formation. In addition, higher concentrations and proportions of HMS were observed in PM2.5−10 than in PM2.5. The presence of HMS in dust particles indicated a heterogeneous formation mechanism of HMS on mineral aerosols. Our findings broaden the prevalence of HMS in aerosols and indicate a new HMS formation mechanism from the perspective of observation. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aerosols

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High Emission of Black Carbon in Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles: Insights from Microscopic Operating Conditions

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Chen, Ting He, Xiao He, Liqiang Q. You, Yan Zeng, Lewei Gao, Mingqiu Cao, Yihuan Li, Zhenhua Zheng, Xuan Zhang, Shaojun Wu, Ye College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research Institute Macau University of Science and Technology Macao999078 China Co. Ltd. Guangzhou511300 China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

The in-depth investigation of the high black carbon (BC) emission scenarios of heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) is a crucial step toward developing effective control strategies. Chassis dynamometer tests were conducted for three in-use HDDVs, namely, vehicle #1, #2, and #3, focusing on the instantaneous BC characterizations during multiple driving conditions, i.e., speed phases and acceleration intervals. BC emission was found to increase with positive acceleration, and high acceleration could result in instantaneous BC spikes. The total BC emissions during velocity-acceleration interval 15-60 km h-1 and 0.1-0.9 m s-2 contributed to 43.4 ± 10.2% of the whole-cycle emissions, while the proportions of time spent in the velocity-acceleration interval to the whole cycle were 23.1 ± 7.6%. The cold-start microscopic operating condition was assessed by the cold-start extra emissions (CSEEs). Under various pre-defined cold-start durations, the proportions of CSEEs in the total cycle emissions were 9.4-21.0%, 0-9.1%, and 6.8-39.4% for vehicles #1, #2, and #3, respectively. The CSEEs exhibited an initial rise, followed by a plateau as the assumed cold-start durations extended. A uniform cold-start duration of 600 s was established based on the criterion that the relative standard deviation (RSD) of CSEEs during the plateau period was less than 10%. We proposed that the updated cold-start duration can enhance the accuracy and consistency of cold-start corrections in emission inventory models. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Acceleration

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Real-world fuel consumption of light-duty passenger vehicles using on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 207-216页

作者： Xuan Zheng Sheng Lu Liuhanzi Yang Min Yan Guangyi Xu Xiaomeng Wu Lixin Fu Ye Wu College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China International Council on Clean Transportation Beijing 100084China Shenzhen Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Shenzhen 518001China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

An increasing discrepancy between real-world and type-approval fuel consumption for light-duty passenger vehicles(LDPVs)has been reported by several ***,real-world fuel consumption is measured primarily by a portable emission measurement *** on-board diagnostic(OBD)approach,which is flexible and offers high-resolution data collection,is a promising fuel consumption monitoring *** LDPVs were tested with a laboratory dynamometer based on a type-approval cycle,the New European Driving Cycle(NEDC).Fuel consumption was measured by the OBD and constant-volume sampling system(CVS,a regulatory method)to verify the accuracy of the OBD *** results of the OBD method and the regulatory carbon balance method exhibited a strong linear correlation(e.g.,R^2=0.906-0.977).Compared with the carbon balance results,the fuel consumption results using the OBD were 7.1%±4.3%lower on ***,the real-world fuel consumption of six LDPVs was tested in Beijing using the *** results showed that the normalized NEDC real-world fliel consumption of the tested vehicles was 13%±17%higher than the type-approval-based fuel *** the OBD values are lower than the actual fuel consumption,using a carbon balance method may result in a larger discrepancy between real-word and type-approval ftiel *** means of the operating mode binning and micro trip methods,a strong relationship(R^2=0.984)was established between the average speed and relative fuel *** congested roads(average vehicle speed less than 25 km/h),the fuel consumption of LDPVs is highly sensitive to changes in average speed.

关键词： Fuel consumption Light-duty passenger vehicles On-board diagnostic systems

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Prediction and controlling factors of high-fluoride groundwater in the Yellow River Basin based on machine learning model

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groundwater for Sustainable Development 2025年 30卷

作者： Su, Chunli Ge, Weili Xie, Xianjun Guo, Zhihao Luo, Zhaohui Gan, Yiqun Xiao, Ziyi Gao, Yanhui Yang, Yanmei MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health & School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution Ministry of Ecology and Environment Wuhan430074 China Geological Survey Institute of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Huhhot011020 China Center for Endemic Disease Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Medical University Harbin150081 China

Long-term consumption of high-fluoride water (F > 1.5 mg/L) has significant negative effects on human health. In the Yellow River Basin of northern China, fluorosis resulting from geogenic groundwater fluoride contamination has been observed in several basins. In this study, the machine learning algorithm regression modeling was employed to predict the distribution of high-fluoride groundwater and potential population at risk using 30337 groundwater samples and 40 relevant environmental factors, with random forest (RF) was identified as the optimal algorithm. The model incorporated various environmental factors, including hydrogeology, climate, soil, topography, and human activities and the model performed well, with the value of AUC of 0.86. The climatic variables were identified as the primary factors influencing the model based on the ranking of their importance. The probability distribution map with a resolution of 250 m drawn from the modelling results shows that high-fluoride groundwater is mainly distributed within the basins, Loess Plateau, the front edge and the southern part of the Yellow-Huai-Hai River Plain (also known as North China Plain). The climate plays a vital role in regulating the distribution patterns of high-fluoride groundwater. Based on different probability cut-off values, it is estimated that approximately 7.307 and 8.899 million people in the study area may be at risk of direct consumption of fluoride-contaminated groundwater. High-fluoride groundwater primarily occurs in shallow pore aquifers of alluvial plains. Fine-grained sediments with high clay content and high levels of cations with exchangeable sites favor the enrichment of fluoride in groundwater. Alluvial and alkaline soils exhibit significant impacts on the enrichment of fluoride. Significant temperature differences and uneven precipitation are the main climatic factors affecting fluoride enrichment in groundwater. This study helps to enhance the understanding of the spatial di

关键词： Aquifers

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Metagenomic and Ft-Icr Ms Insights into the Mechanism for the Arsenic Biogeochemical Cycling in groundwater

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Jiang, Honglin Xie, Xianjun Li, Junxia Jiang, Zhou Pi, Kunfu Wang, Yanxin School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution China University of Geosciences Wuhan430078 China University of Waterloo Canada

Arsenic (As) is a groundwater contaminant of global concern. The degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) can provide a reducing environment for As release;however, the interaction of DOM with local microbial communities and how different sources and types of DOM influence the biotransformation of As in aquifers is uncertain. This study used optical spectroscopy, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTIR-MS), metagenomics, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to demonstrate the how the biotransformation of As in aquifers is promoted. The results indicated the DOM in high-As groundwater is dominated by highly unsaturated low-oxygen compounds that are quite humic and unstable. Metagenomics analysis indicated Acinetobacter, Pseudoxanthomonas, and Pseudomonas predominate in high-As environments;these genera all contain As detoxification genes and are members of the same phylum (Proteobacteria). SEM analyses indicated the presence of Proteobacteria is positively related to highly unsaturated low-oxygen compounds in the groundwater and conditions that promote arsenite release. The results illustrate how the biogeochemical transformation of As in groundwater systems is affected by DOM from different sources and with different characteristics. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aquifers

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Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on solid waste generation and management strategies

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第6期15卷 241-258页

作者： Yangyang Liang Qingbin Song Naiqi Wu Jinhui Li Yuan Zhong Wenlei Zeng Macao Institute of Systems Engineering Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China Macao Environmental Research Institute Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

It has been over ten months since the beginning of the 2019 coronavirus disease(COVID-2019),and its impact on solid waste management,especially medical waste,is becoming *** study systematically reviews the potential influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical waste,personal protection equipment waste and municipal solid waste(MSW),and discusses the corresponding measures and policies of solid waste management in typical *** results show that the generation of medical waste from the pandemic increased significantly,with 18%‒425%*** is estimated that the daily output of COVID-19 medical waste increased from 200 t/d on Feb.22 to over 29000 t/d at the end of September 2020 throughout the *** use of personal protective equipment will continue to grow in the long-term,while the blockade and isolation measures greatly reduced the volume of commercial waste,especially for tourist cities,and part of this waste was transferred to household ***’attitudes and behavior toward food waste have changed due to the COVID-19 *** response to the pandemic,international organizations and several countries have issued new policies and guidelines and adjusted their management strategies for medical waste and MSW *** pandemic has brought specific challenges to the disposal capacity of medical waste *** has also brought about the stagnation of policies related to the reduction of plastic products and waste *** study will provide some useful information for managers and governmental officials on effective solid waste management during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19 Medical waste Personal protective equipment Municipal solid waste Waste management

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Screening and Optimization of Soil Remediation Strategies Assisted by Machine Learning

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Bowei Wang, Xin Li, Rong Zhang, Lili Liu, Chongxuan Shenzhen Urban Public Safety and Technology Institute Shenzhen518046 China The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters Ministry of Education School of Environment and Energy South China University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Shenzhen University China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China

A numerical approach assisted by machine learning was developed for screening and optimizing soil remediation strategies. The approach includes a reactive transport model for simulating the remediation cost and effect of applicable remediation technologies and their combinations for a target site. The simulated results were used to establish a relationship between the cost and effect using a machine learning method. The relationship was then used by an optimization method to provide optimal remediation strategies under various constraints and requirements for the target site. The approach was evaluated for a site contaminated with both arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at a former ship building factory in Guangzhou city, China. An optimal strategy was obtained and successfully implemented at the site that includes partial excavation of the contaminated soils and natural attenuation of the residual contaminated soils. The advantage of the approach is that it can fully consider the natural attenuation capacity in designing remediation strategies to reduce remediation cost, and can provide cost-effective remediation strategies under variable constraints for policy makers. The approach is general that can be applied for screening and optimizing remediation strategies at other remediation sites. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Development of an Optimization-Driven Equilibrium Model for Managing Water Consumption and Their Socio-Economic Effects

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Li, Xiaoyang Huang, Guohe Wang, Shuguang Li, Yongping Zhang, Xiaoyue School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao266237 China Institute for Energy Environment and Sustainable Communities University of Regina ReginaSKS4S0A2 Canada Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao266237 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control China

In this study, an optimization-driven general water-management equilibrium model (OWCGE) is developed to facilitate collaborative governance of economy and water resources. The OWCGE will first regulate the strategic direction of water allocation through the development of a non-deterministic fractional optimization model, and then explore the responses of various sectors to different water policies through the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The main contribution of OWCGE is simultaneously addressing water allocation under the trade-offs between environmental protection and socio-economic development and tackling the impact of disturbances from one part of the economy on another. A case study of a highly urbanized province (i.e., Guangdong) in China is provided as an example for demonstrating the proposed approach. According to the results, the agricultural sector group should receive 46.9% of total water supply, followed by the industrial sector group with 20.3%. The results of scenario analysis indicate that when the water demand of the tertiary sector group increases by 10%, the total GDP would fall at the fastest rate. The increase in domestic water demand (20%) would result in economy losses in most sectors, and the degrees of such reductions are less than -1.1%. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Economic and social effects

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Aridity Affects Soil Organic Carbon Content and Chemical Stability by Different Forest Types and Soil Processes Across Chinese Natural Forests

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Xu, Shan Yang, Yuanxi Sun, Guodong Zhang, Qiang Wang, Yinghui Zeng, Hui Simpson, Myrna Wang, Junjian State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China School of Urban Planning and Design Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen518055 China Environmental NMR Centre Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough 1265 Military Trail TorontoONM1C 1A4 Canada

Forest soils play a critical role in carbon (C) reservoirs and climate change mitigation globally. Exploring the driving factors of soil organic carbon (SOC) content and stability in forests on a large spatial scale can help us evaluate the role of forest soils in regulating C sequestration. Based on SOC quantification and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we investigated the SOC content and SOC chemical stability (indicated by alkyl-to-O-alkyl ratio and hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic ratio) in top 0–5 and 5–10 cm soils from 65 Chinese natural forest sites and explored their driving factors. These driving factors included forest type, soil clay content, soil pH, chemical index of alteration, and soil microbial diversity. Results showed that SOC content in 0–5 cm soils were highest in mixed forests but SOC chemical stability in 0–5 cm soils were highest in coniferous forests, while SOC content and chemical stability in 5–10 cm soil layers did not differ across forest types. SOC content in 0-5 cm was directly related to soil pH and soil bacterial diversity. Aridity indirectly affected SOC content in 0-5 cm by directly affecting soil pH. While SOC chemical stability in 0-5 cm soils was higher with increased aridity. The mechanisms could be attributed to higher proportion of coniferous forests in more arid forest sites, lower relative abundance of O-alkyl C, higher MgO and CaO contents, and higher bacterial diversity in soils from more arid forest sites. Our study reveals the important role of aridity in mediating SOC content and chemical stability in top 0-5 cm soils in Chinese natural forests on a large-scale field investigation. These results will help us better understand the different mechanisms underlying SOC content and stability in forests and assess the feedback of forest SOC to future climate change. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chemical stability

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Uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from PAH–contaminated soils to carrots and Chinese cabbages under the greenhouse and field conditions

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Chemosphere 2024年 360卷 142405页

作者： Cao, Chun Wu, Yu-Yao Lv, Zhen-Ying Wang, Ji-Wei Wang, Chen-Wen Zhang, Hui Wang, Jun-Jian Chen, Huan College of Geography and Environmental Science Northwest Normal University Gansu Lanzhou730070 China Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis Gansu Lanzhou730070 China Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou730000 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China College of Resources and Environment Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu610225 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science Clemson University SC29634 United States

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with the properties of structural stability, semi–volatility, and hydrophobicity are toxic and persistent in environments;thus, their transport and fate in agroecosystems is essential for reducing PAH accumulation in the edible parts of crops. Here, we cultivated cabbages (Brassica pekinensis L.) and carrots (Daucus carota L.) in PAH–contaminated soils under the greenhouse and field conditions. After harvesting, we observed a 9.5–46% reduction in soil ∑PAH concentrations. There were 37% of bioconcentration factors (BCFbs) > 1 and 93% of translocation factors (TFab) > 1, while low–molecular–weight (LMW) PAHs had higher BCFbs than high–molecular–weight (HMW) PAHs. The PAH concentrations showed significant and positive correlations among soils, the belowground parts, and the aboveground parts. The toxicity equivalent concentration (TEQBaP) followed the order of cabbage (greenhouse) > cabbage (field) > carrot (greenhouse) > carrot (field), suggesting potentially higher health risks in cabbage relative to carrot and vegetables under the greenhouse relative to field condition. Our study suggested growing carrots under field conditions as a management strategy for reducing the risks of vegetables grown in PAH–contaminated soils. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Health risks

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