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air pollution modulates trends and variability of the global methane budget

Nature 2025年 1-7页

作者： Yuanhong Zhao Shengmin Lu Bo Zheng Yifan Li Marielle Saunois Philippe Ciais Philippe Bousquet Michaela I. Hegglin State Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ocean University of China Qingdao China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ) Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France Institute of Climate and Energy Systems Stratosphere (ICE-4) Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading UK Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Research University of Wuppertal Wuppertal Germany

air pollution affects climate through various complex interactions1. It perturbs the Earth’s radiative energy balance and alters the atmospheric oxidation capacity, which determines the lifetimes of short-lived climate forcers, such as methane1. A key mechanism in this dynamic is the impact of air pollutants on the hydroxyl radical (OH), the most important oxidant in the troposphere, which accounts for approximately 90% of the methane chemical sink2. However, a comprehensive quantification of the interactions between air pollutants, OH and methane over decadal timescales remains incomplete2. Here we develop an integrated observation-driven and model-driven approach to quantify how variations in key air pollutants influence the methane chemical sink and alter the methane budget. Our results indicate that, from 2005 to 2021, enhanced tropospheric ozone, increased water vapour and decreased carbon monoxide levels collectively contributed to a 1.3–2.0 Tg year−1increase per year in the global methane sink, thereby buffering atmospheric methane growth rates. This increase in the methane sink was primarily concentrated in tropical regions and exhibited a north–south asymmetry. Periods of high methane growth were typically linked to abrupt OH level declines driven by fluctuations in air pollutants, especially during extreme events such as mega wildfires and the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study suggests a trade-off between O3pollution control and methane removal mediated by OH and highlights the risk of increasing carbon monoxide emissions from widespread wildfires.

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Decreasing mercury levels in consumer fish over the three decades of increasing mercury emissions in China

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Eco-Environment & Health 2022年第1期1卷 46-52页

作者： Hua Zhang Wenxiong Wang Chejen Lin Xinbin Feng Jianbo Shi Guibin Jiang Thorjørn Larssen State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang550081China Norwegian Institute for Water Research Økernveien 940579 OsloNorway School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong999077China Center for Advances in Water and Air Quality Lamar UniversityBeaumontTXUSA State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution School of Environmental StudiesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China

Fish consumption is the primary dietary route of human exposure to *** has been well documented that elevated mercury concentration in fish in North America and Europe is linked to anthropogenic mercury *** is the world’s largest producer,consumer,and emitter of mercury,as well as the world’s largest commercial fish producer and *** mercury pollution in fish in China is currently receiving much attention worldwide,its status remains largely ***,we conducted a meta-analysis on total mercury concentrations in marine and freshwater fish samples,covering 35,464 samples collected in China over the past 30 *** is found that,opposite to the increasing emission and documented mercury contamination events,mercury levels in fish have gradually decreased in China over the past 30 *** results were in sharp contrast to those found in North America and *** mercury concentrations in fish were significantly anticorrelated with the fish catch and fish aquaculture and were inverse to trophic *** and the short lifecycle of aquaculture fish,both reducing the trophic level and the duration of mercury accumulation,were the most likely causes leading to the decline of mercury concentrations found in fish in China.

关键词： Meta-analysis Mercury Fish Spatial-temporal variability Freshwater and marine waterbodies China

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Continuous and comprehensive atmospheric observations in Beijing:a station to understand the complex urban atmospheric environment

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Big Earth Data 2020年第3期4卷 295-321页

作者： Yongchun Liu Chao Yan Zemin Feng Feixue Zheng Xiaolong Fan Yusheng Zhang Chang Li Ying Zhou Zhuohui Lin Yishou Guo Ying Zhang Li Ma Wenshuo Zhou Zhikun Liu Lubna Dada Kaspar Dallenbach Jenni Kontkanen Runlong Cai Tommy Chan Biwu Chu Wei Du Lei Yao Yonghong Wang Jing Cai Juha Kangasluoma Tom Kokkonen Joni Kujansuu Anton Rusanen Chenjuan Deng Yueyun Fu Rujing Yin Xiaoxiao Li Yiqun Lu Yiliang Liu Chaofan Lian Dongsen Yang Weigang Wang Maofa Ge Yuesi Wang Douglas R.Worsnop Heikki Junninen Hong He Veli-Matti Kerminen Jun Zheng Lin Wang Jingkun Jiang Tuukka Petaja Federico Bianchi Markku Kulmala Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution ComplexSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Environmental Science&Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjingChina State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Aerodyne Research Inc. BillericaMassachusettsUSA Institute of Physics University of TartuTartuEstonia Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences School of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina

Due to profound impact on climate and human health,air quality has attracted attention from all levels of the civil *** key step in the provision of required tools for the society to tackle the complex air quality problem is to characterize it in a comprehensive manner with a long-term ***,we describe a continuous and comprehensive observation station and its accompanying state-ofthe-art instrumentation that was established to investigate the complex urban atmospheric environment in a rapidly developing Chinese *** station,located in downtown Beijing,aims to study air quality by identifying the major atmospheric pollutants and key processes determining their formation and loss mechanisms.A few hundreds of parameters are continuously measured with the state-of-the-art instruments,including trace gas concentrations,aerosol particle size distributions,and mass concentrations,covering aerosol particle chemical composition from molecules to micrometer-sized aerosol *** produced long-term,comprehensive big data with around 1�10^(11)bytes per *** this paper,we provide an overview on the facilities of the station,the instrumentation used,the workflow of continuous observations and examples of results from 2018 to 2019 and a basis for establishing a modern long-term,comprehensive atmospheric urban observation station in other megacities.

关键词： Continuous and comprehensive atmospheric observation air pollution complex photochemical smog haze new particle formation

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Characteristics Of Nox and Nh3 Emissions from In-Use Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles with Various Aftertreatment Technologies in China

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： He, Liqiang Li, Gang Wu, Xiaomeng Zhang, Shaojun Tian, Miao Li, Zhenhua Huang, Cheng Hu, Qingyao Wu, Ye Hao, Jiming State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing100084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai200233 China

Real-world emissions from China IV and some China V heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) equipped with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) probably fail to mitigate nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions as expected. Meanwhile, these SCR-equipped HDDVs might emit excessive ammonia (NH3). To better understand the NOX and NH3 emissions from typical HDDVs in China, seventeen in-use HDDVs with various emission-control technologies were tested by using laboratory chassis dynamometers. The results indicated that individual NOX and NH3 emissions from HDDV fleets widely varied owing to differences in aftertreatment performance. China V and VI HDDVs with effectively functioning SCRs could substantially control their NOX emissions to be below the corresponding emission limits but with a potential risk of high NH3 emissions caused by diesel exhaust fluid overdosing. Furthermore, higher vehicle speed and load mass resulted in lower NOX emissions and possibly higher NH3 emissions from HDDVs with effectively functioning SCR systems, while higher NOX emissions from tampered- and non-SCR HDDVs. NOX emissions from China VI HDDVs were more sensitive to cold starts compared to China V and earlier vehicles, but there was no significant discrepancy in NH3 emissions between cold- and hot-start tests © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nitrogen oxides

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Ozone Production Underestimation Over the Tibetan Plateau: The Role of NOxand OVOCs Modeling Uncertainties

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Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2025年第10期130卷

作者： Jianshu Wang Haoqi Wang Chong Zhang Yaru Wang Yingjie Zhang Jiacheng Zhou Wanyun Xu Lisa K. Whalley Joanna E. Dyson Eloise J. Slater Chengzhi Xing Suzhen Chi Yumingzi Wang Lifan Wang Xuena Yu Limin Zeng Weili Lin Weixiong Zhao Dwayne E. Heard Shaojie Song Chunxiang Ye State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China Now at Atmospheric Chemistry Department Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) Leipzig Germany Now at School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing China Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science Institute of Atmospheric Composition Beijing China School of Chemistry University of Leeds Leeds UK Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei China Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas Minzu University of China National Ethnic Affairs Commission Beijing China

Chemical production and destruction are key components of the tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) budget, yet significant model spreads exist among various global models in estimating O 3 chemical budgets. Observations in the background atmospheres play a crucial role in validating and evaluating model uncertainties in O 3 chemistry. Here, we conducted comprehensive observations of the O 3 chemical budget at a remote site on the Tibetan Plateau. By comparing the observed O 3 chemical budgets with those simulated by GEOS-Chem, a global chemical transport model, we identified a 60% underestimation in the O 3 production rate by GEOS-Chem. Detailed budget analysis of O 3 and radicals revealed that this discrepancy primarily arose from GEOS-Chem's inadequate representation of nitrogen oxides (NO x ), followed by oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs). Comparisons with previous studies indicate a widespread model bias in simulating O 3 precursors and their chemical budgets. These findings underscore the challenges in understanding O 3 chemistry linked to our imperfect understanding of the atmospheric fate of NO x and OVOCs. Field observations serve as benchmarks for evaluating uncertainties in GEOS-Chem's simulation of the O 3 chemical budget GEOS-Chem underestimates O 3 chemical production by 60% compared with observations Model biases in O 3 chemistry are largely driven by model underestimations of NO x with significant contributions from OVOCs Tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) plays a crucial role in air quality, climate change, and ecosystem health. The estimate and prediction for tropospheric O 3 levels and variabilities are heavily dependent on our understanding of the O 3 chemical budgets. However, significant simulation spreads of tropospheric O 3 photochemistry exist among various chemical transport models, indicating an incomplete scientific understanding of O 3 chemistry. This study compares the observed O 3 chemical budget with predictions from the GEOS-Chem model, and a

关键词： tropospheric ozone atmospheric photochemistry reactive nitrogen carbonyl compounds chemical transport model

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Coordinated control of Fine-Particle and Ozone pollution by the Substantial Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides

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Engineering 2022年第8期8卷 13-16页

作者： Biwu Chu Yan Ding Xiang Gao Junhua Li Tingyu Zhu Yunbo Yu Hong He State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012China State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution Control Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

*** In recent years,the air quality in China has improved *** many cities,however,the concentration of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))remains higher than the secondary-level national ambient air quality standard(NAAQS level-2,35μg·m^(-3),GB3095-2012[1])and much higher than the first-level NAAQS(15μg·m^(-3),GB3095-2012[1])and the World Health Organization(WHO)air quality guidelines(5μg·m^(-3)).

关键词： pollution Ozone ambient

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Dynamic relationships among industrial structure, technological progress and energy saving in Beijing

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Research of environmental Sciences 2015年第11期28卷 1781-1788页

作者： Jin, Jing Xu, Jiayu Yi, Lan School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing China International Business School Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China

In order to establish an eco-friendly energy structure and a comprehensive energy saving system and adapt to the long-term goal of sustainable development, the index decomposition model was utilized to calculate and analyze the influence of structure and efficiency on energy saving from 1996 to 2010 in Beijing. The energy consumption per unit of GDP was used as an important indicator of energy consumption and energy saving in Beijing. The vector autoregression (VAR) model was developed, through incorporating the impulse response analysis and variance decomposition, to analyze the dynamic relationship among the industrial structure (i.e., the amount of energy saving due to structural adjustment), efficiency (i.e., the amount of energy saving due to technological progress) and energy consumption per unit of GDP in Beijing. The VAR model was validated using the actual energy consumption per unit of GDP in Beijing from 2011 to 2013, and the error was found to be lower than 5%. The results showed that during 1996-2000, industrial structural adjustment played the most important role in energy saving, accounting for 55.60% of the total energy saving, mainly relying on the adjustment between the secondary and tertiary industries. In contrast, the energy saving resulting from technological progress was larger during 2001-2005 and 2006-2010, accounting for 81.35% and 85.41% during these two five-year plan periods, respectively. The variance contributions of the energy consumption per unit of GDP, industrial structural adjustment and technological progress to the energy consumption per unit of GDP were 13%, 39% and 48%, respectively. Moreover, both the industrial structural adjustment and the technological progress had a five-year periodic impact on energy saving, although this impact gradually weakened and vanished after a decade. The industrial structural adjustment mainly affected the energy consumption per unit of GDP during the first two and half years, in particular over

关键词： Energy utilization

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Trends and drivers of anthropogenic NOx emissions in China since 2020

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environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 287-293页

作者： Hui Li Bo Zheng Yu Lei Didier Hauglustaine Cuihong Chen Xin Lin Yi Zhang Qiang Zhang Kebin He Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration Institute of Environment and EcologyTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation and Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing 100041China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement LSCE/IPSLCEA-CNRS-UVSQUniversite Paris-SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment Ministry of Ecology and Environment of ChinaBeijing 100094China Institute of Future Human Habitats Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Nitrogen oxides(NOx),significant contributors to air pollution and climate change,form aerosols and ozone in the ***,timely,and transparent information on NOx emissions is essential for decision-making to mitigate both haze and ozone ***,a comprehensive understanding of the trends and drivers behind anthropogenic NOx emissions from Chinadthe world's largest emitterdhas been lacking since 2020 due to delays in emissions *** we show a consistent decline in China's NOx emissions from 2020 to 2022,despite increased fossil fuel consumption,utilizing satellite observations as constraints for NOx emission estimates through atmospheric *** reduction is corroborated by data from two independent spaceborne instruments:the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument(TROPOMI)and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI).Notably,a reduction in transport emissions,largely due to the COVID-19 lockdowns,slightly decreased China's NOx emissions in *** subsequent years,2021 and 2022,reductions in NOx emissions were driven by the industry and transport sectors,influenced by stringent air pollution *** satellite-based inversion system developed in this study represents a significant advancement in the real-time monitoring of regional air pollution emissions from space.

关键词： China's NOx emissions pollution control Socio-economic drivers Atmospheric inversion

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Characteristics of typical IVOCs and SVOCs in Shanghai during China International Import Expo episode

Characteristics of typical IVOCs and SVOCs in Shanghai durin...

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第二十七届大气污染防治技术研讨会

作者： Taikui An Yingjie Li State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences

To ensure good air quality during the China International Import Expo（CIIE） episode, a series of emission-reduction measures were implemented in Shanghai and its neighboring regions. However, little information has been reported on the impacts of these measures on atmospheric I/SVOCs. To assess the effectiveness of these temporary measures, this paper explored four typical categories of I/SVOCs, including alkanes, PAHs, benzothiazole（BTH） and chlorobenzenes（CBs）, at an urban site of Shanghai before and during two CIIE episodes（2019 and 2020;non-CIIE versus CIIE）;their secondary organic aerosol（SOA） production was estimated based on the photochemical-age-based parameterization;and five possible emission sources of I/SVOCs was analyzed by positive matrix factorization（PMF）.Average concentrations of the most concerned alkanes and PAHs during both two CIIE periods decreased by ～41% and ～17%, respectively, compared to non-CIIE periods. However, during CIIE-2020, the concentrations of CBs and BTH didn't decrease as expected. The SOA production from alkanes, PAHs and BTH together was 671±446 ng/m under atmospheric conditions, and significant secondary organic aerosol（SOA） formation potential of dimethylnaphthalenes and BTH was firstly reported. The source apportionment suggested that gasoline-vehicles（31.5%）, life-related sources（21.6%）, diesel-related emissions（20.8%）, industrial sources（18.6%） and ship emissions（7.5%） were important source of I/SVOCs, especially for the non-ignorable contribution of life-related sources. Our results provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of the measures implemented during the CIIE and highlight more speciated I/SVOCs and life-related sources should be considered for further research and policy action.

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On the optimality of Kalman filter for fault detection 4

On the optimality of Kalman filter for fault detection

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4th IEEE International Conference on Digital Twins and Parallel Intelligence, DTPI 2024

作者： Zhou, Jinming Zhu, Yucai Yang, Chao Zhu, Yun Yin, Feng Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology College of Control Science and Engineering Hangzhou310027 China Zhejiang University State Key Lab of Clean Energy Utilization State Environmental Protection Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution Control Hangzhou310027 China Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co. Ltd Hangzhou310051 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349252

Kalman filter is widely used for residual generation in fault detection. It leads to optimality in fault detection using some performance indices and also leads to statistically sound residual evaluation and threshold setting. This paper shows that these nice features do not necessarily imply an optimal fault detection performance. Based on a performance index related to fault detection rate and false alarm rate, several occasions where Kalman filter should not be used are pointed out;further the residual evaluation and threshold setting are discussed, in which it is pointed out that in stochastic setting an optimal statistical test of Kamlan filter is not related to optimality of commonly used detection performance indicators. The theoretical analysis is verified through Monte Carlo simulations and Tennessee Eastman process (TEP) dataset. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Kalman filters

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