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Variation characteristics of fine particulate matter and its components in diesel vehicle emission plumes

Journal of environmental Sciences 2021年第9期33卷 138-149页

作者： Xianbao Shen Jiateng Hao Lei Kong Yue Shi Xinyue Cao Jiacheng Shi Zhiliang Yao Xin Li Bobo Wu Yiming Xu Kebin He State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China School of Ecology and Environment Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

A rapid reaction occurs near the exhaust nozzle when vehicle emissions contact the *** diesel vehicles were studied using a new multipoint sampling system that is suitable for studying the exhaust plume near the exhaust *** variation characteristics of fine particle matter(PM_(2.5)) and its components in diesel vehicle exhaust plumes were *** PM_(2.5) emissions gradually increased with increasing distance from the nozzle in the *** carbon emissions remained basically unchanged, organic carbon and total carbon(TC) increased with increasing *** concentrations of SO_(4)^(2-),NO_(3)^(-) and NH_(4)^(+) (SNA) directly emitted by the vehicles were very low but increased rapidly in the exhaust *** selective catalytic reduction(SCR) reduced 42.7% TC, 40% NO_(3)^(-) emissions, but increased 104% SO_(4)^(2-) and 36% NH_(4)^(+) emissions, *** summary,the SCR reduced 29% primary PM_(2.5) emissions for the tested diesel *** NH_(4)NO_(3) particle formation maybe more important in the plume, and there maybe other forms of formation of NH_(4)^(+) (***4Cl).The generation of secondary organic carbon(SOC) plays a leading role in the generation of secondary PM_(2.5).The SCR enhanced the formation of SOC and SNA in the plume, but comprehensive analysis shows that the SCR more enhanced the SNA formation in the plume, which is mainly new particles formation *** inconsistency between secondary organic aerosol(SOA) and primary organic aerosol definitions is one of the important reasons for the difference between SOA simulation and observation.

关键词： Variation characteristics Diesel vehicle Emission plume PM2.5 Components

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air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the Yangtze River Delta region during 2014–2016

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2019年第9期31卷 8-20页

作者： Tao Ma Fengkui Duan Kebin He Yu Qin Dan Tong Guannan Geng Xuyan Liu Hui Li Shuo Yang Siqi Ye Beiyao Xu Qiang Zhang Yongliang Ma State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China National Satellite Meteorological Center Beijing 100081 China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

With rapid economic growth and urbanization, the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region in China has experienced serious air pollution challenges. In this study, we analyzed the air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the YRD region during 2014–2016. In recent years, the concentrations of all air pollutants, except O3,decreased. Spatially, the PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO concentrations were higher in the northern YRD region, and NO2 and O3 were higher in the central YRD region. Based on the number of non-attainment days(i.e., days with air quality index greater than 100), PM2.5 was the largest contributor to air pollution in the YRD region, followed by O3, PM10, and ***, particulate matter pollution has declined gradually, while O3 pollution *** conditions mainly influenced day-to-day variations in pollutant concentrations. PM2.5 concentration was inversely related to wind speed, while O3 concentration was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with relative *** air quality improvement in recent years was mainly attributed to emission *** 2014–2016, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, NH3, and volatile organic compound(VOC)emissions in the YRD region were reduced by 26.3%, 29.2%, 32.4%, 8.1%, 15.9%, 4.5%, and0.3%, respectively. Regional transport also contributed to the air pollution. During regional haze periods, pollutants from North China and East China aggravated the pollution in the YRD region. Our findings suggest that emission reduction and regional joint prevention and control helped to improve the air quality in the YRD region.

关键词： air pollution Spatiotemporal variation Meteorological condition Emission inventory Regional transport Yangtze River Delta

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Real-world fuel consumption of light-duty passenger vehicles using on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 207-216页

作者： Xuan Zheng Sheng Lu Liuhanzi Yang Min Yan Guangyi Xu Xiaomeng Wu Lixin Fu Ye Wu College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China International Council on Clean Transportation Beijing 100084China Shenzhen Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Shenzhen 518001China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

An increasing discrepancy between real-world and type-approval fuel consumption for light-duty passenger vehicles(LDPVs)has been reported by several ***,real-world fuel consumption is measured primarily by a portable emission measurement *** on-board diagnostic(OBD)approach,which is flexible and offers high-resolution data collection,is a promising fuel consumption monitoring *** LDPVs were tested with a laboratory dynamometer based on a type-approval cycle,the New European Driving Cycle(NEDC).Fuel consumption was measured by the OBD and constant-volume sampling system(CVS,a regulatory method)to verify the accuracy of the OBD *** results of the OBD method and the regulatory carbon balance method exhibited a strong linear correlation(e.g.,R^2=0.906-0.977).Compared with the carbon balance results,the fuel consumption results using the OBD were 7.1%±4.3%lower on ***,the real-world fuel consumption of six LDPVs was tested in Beijing using the *** results showed that the normalized NEDC real-world fliel consumption of the tested vehicles was 13%±17%higher than the type-approval-based fuel *** the OBD values are lower than the actual fuel consumption,using a carbon balance method may result in a larger discrepancy between real-word and type-approval ftiel *** means of the operating mode binning and micro trip methods,a strong relationship(R^2=0.984)was established between the average speed and relative fuel *** congested roads(average vehicle speed less than 25 km/h),the fuel consumption of LDPVs is highly sensitive to changes in average speed.

关键词： Fuel consumption Light-duty passenger vehicles On-board diagnostic systems

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Design and demonstration of a next-generation air quality attainment assessment system for PM_(2.5)and O_3

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2015年第3期27卷 178-188页

作者： Hua Wang Yun Zhu Carey Jang Che-Jen Lin Shuxiao Wang Joshua S.Fu Jian Gao Shuang Deng Junping Xie Dian Ding Xuezhen Qiu Shicheng Long Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control College of Environmental and Energy South China University of Technology Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex School of Environment Tsinghua University USEPA/Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards Department of Civil Engineering Lamar University Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Tennessee Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test-Community Edition （SMAT-CE） is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O3 and PM2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient air Quality Standards （NAAQS） shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM2.5 and 8-hour O3 for a proposed emission control policy.

关键词： air quality standards Attainment test air pollution GIS Emission control

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Insight into the critical factors determining the particle number concentrations during summer at a megacity in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 169-180页

作者： Baoshuang Liu Xiaohui Bi Jiaying Zhang Jie Yuan Zhimei Xiao Qili Dai Yinchang Feng Yufen Zhang State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University Tianjin Environmental Monitoring Center

To identify the critical factors impacting the number concentration of particles with the aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm(PNC_(2.5)), the continuous measurement of PNC_(2.5),chemical components in PM_(2.5), gaseous pollutants and meteorological conditions were conducted at an urban site in Tianjin in June 2015. Results indicated that the average PNC_(2.5) was 2839 ± 2430 d N/dlog Dp 1/cm^3 during the campaign. Compared to other meteorological parameters, the relative humidity(RH) had the strongest relationship with PNC_(2.5), with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.53, and RH larger than 30% influenced strongly PNC_(2.5).The important influence of secondary reactions on PNC_(2.5) was inferred due to higher correlation coefficients between PNC_(2.5) and SO_4^(2-), NO_3^-, NH_4^+(r = 0.78–0.89; p < 0.01) and between PNC_(2.5) and ratios that represent the conversion of nitrogen and sulfur oxides to particulate matter(r = 0.42–0.49; p < 0.01). Under specific RH conditions, there were even stronger correlations between PNC_(2.5) and NO_3^-, SO_4^(2-), NH_4^+, while those between PNC_(2.5) and EC, OC were relatively weak, especially when RH exceeded 50%. Principal component analysis(PCA) and Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that secondary sources, vehicle emission and coal combustion might be major contributors to PNC_(2.5). Backward trajectory and potential source contribution function(PSCF) analysis suggested that the transport of air masses originated from these regions around Tianjin(Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong and Jiangsu) influenced critically PNC_(2.5). The north of Jiangsu, the west of Shandong, and the east of Hebei were distinguished as major potential source-areas of PNC_(2.5) by PSCF model.

关键词： Particle number concentration Correlation analysis Emission sources PSCF

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Variability of fuel consumption and CO_(2) emissions of a gasoline passenger car under multiple in-laboratory and on-road testing conditions

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 266-276页

作者： Boya Zhou Liqiang He Shijian Zhang Rui Wang Luowei Zhang Mengliang Li Yu Liu Shaojun Zhang Ye Wu Jiming Hao China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co. Ltd.Tianjin 300300China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

An increasing divergence regarding fuel consumption(and/or CO_(2)emissions) between realworld and type-approval values for light-duty gasoline vehicles(LDGVs) has posed severe challenges to mitigating greenhouse gases(GHGs) and achieving carbon emissions peak and neutrality. To address this divergence issue, laboratory test cycles with more real-featured and transient traffic patterns have been developed recently, for example, the China Lightduty Vehicle Test Cycle for Passenger cars(CLTC-P). We collected fuel consumption and CO_(2)emissions data of a LDGV under various conditions based on laboratory chassis dynamometer and on-road tests. laboratory results showed that both standard test cycles and setting methods of road load affected fuel consumption slightly, with variations of less than 4%. Compared to the type-approval value, laboratory and on-road fuel consumption of the tested LDGV over the CLTC-P increased by 9% and 34% under the reference condition(i.e., air conditioning off, automatic stop and start(STT) on and two passengers). On-road measurement results indicated that fuel consumption under the low-speed phase of the CLTC-P increased by 12% due to the STT off, although only a 4% increase on average over the entire cycle. More fuel consumption increases(52%) were attributed to air conditioning usage and full passenger capacity. Strong correlations(R2> 0.9) between relative fuel consumption and average speed were also identified. Under traffic congestion(average speed below 25 km/hr), fuel consumption was highly sensitive to changes in vehicle speed. Thus,we suggest that real-world driving conditions cannot be ignored when evaluating the fuel economy and GHGs reduction of LDGVs.

关键词： Fuel consumption CO_(2)emissions Light-duty gasoline vehicle(LDGV) Real driving

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Green manufacturing for achieving carbon neutrality goal requires innovative technologies:A bibliometric analysis from 1991 to 2022

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 255-269页

作者： Sheng Zhang Xintian Wang Jiayu Xu Qinqin Chen Meng Peng Jiming Hao School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Environment&Natural Resources Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

Recent years have seen a significant increase in interest in green manufacturing as a key driver of global carbon-neutral efforts and sustainable *** find the research hotspots of green manufacturing and reveal future research trends,this study reviewed and analyzed research articles from the Web of Science database on green manufacturing from1991 to 2022 using a bibliometric *** findings indicate a significant rise in the number of articles related to green manufacturing since the ***,there has been an increase in the involvement of scholars from developing countries such as China and India in this *** on the literature review and bibliometric cluster analysis on green manufacturing,we believed that future research may continue following the lines of intelligent technology integration,adoption of frontier engineering techniques,and industry development in line with carbon reduction targets.A framework for future green manufacturing development is proposed,with a focus on Chinese *** framework could provide policy implications for developing countries looking to pursue opportunities for development in green manufacturing.

关键词： Green manufacturing Carbon neutrality Sustainable development Innovative technologies China

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Seasonal variation analysis of atmospheric CH_4,N_2O and CO_2 in Tianjin offshore area

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第8期53卷 1205-1215页

作者： KONG ShaoFei, LU Bing, HAN Bin, BAI ZhiPeng, XU Zhun, YOU Yan, JIN LiangMao, GUO XiaoYang & WANG Rui state environmental protection key laboratory of Urban Ambient air Particulate Matter pollution Prevention and control, College of environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China 1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China

The concentrations of CH4, N2O and CO2 at the sea level were observed from November 2007 to August 2008 in order to study the greenhouse gases in the Tianjin offshore area of Bohai Sea. CH4 concentrations varied from 1.87 to 2.61 ppm with the highest value appearing in summer and the lowest in winter. The concentration range of N2O was 319.3 to 347.7 ppb, with the maximal value appearing in winter. CO2 was higher in the heating season than in non-heating season in this area. Concentrations of the three greenhouse gases in the study area exceeded the 2005 global background values. Backward trajectory model was used to analyze the sources. All three gases were influenced evidently by continental sources in the inshore area during the sampling periods. Every gas was compared with each other by correlation analysis, showing that the correlation of CO2 and N2O was more significant than to CH4 and their relationship with meteorological factors was consistent. It can be concluded these three greenhouse gases may be influenced by some similar sources, especially for CO2 and N2O.

关键词： Bohai Sea greenhouse gas offshore observation backward trajectory model sources

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Status, sources and health risk assessment of PAHs, NPAHs and OPAHs in road dust of Xinjiang, China

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Scientific reports 2025年第1期15卷 18505页

作者： Xiawei Yang Yaqin Ji Bingbing Wang Jingwen Shi Wenju Xu Jiaofan Ma Ruixing Shen Yan Jiang College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control Tianjin 300350 China. College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China. jiyaqin@***. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control Tianjin 300350 China. jiyaqin@***. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China.

Two hundred and sixty road dust samples collected from Xinjiang, China, were resuspended and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives. The concentrations of ∑PAHs, ∑NPAHs and ∑OPAHs (ng mg) in the road dust PM ranged from 22.03 to 179.04, 0.34-3.14, and 0.95-17.56, with median values of 69.09, 1.14, and 4.37, respectively. Phe, Ace, Flt, 2N-Pyr, 9-FO, and ATO were the main substances found. The order of the median concentrations of ∑PAHs in each city in the region was Altay > Aksu > Karamay > Bole > Kashgar > Korla > Tacheng > Hami > Turpan > Wusu > Hotan > Kuitun > Huyanghe > Atushi. The order of the ∑NPAHs concentrations in each city was Altay > Karamay > Hami > Korla > Bole > Kashgar > Wusu > Tacheng > Aksu > Huyanghe > Atushi > Kuitun > Hotan > Turpan. The order of the ∑OPAHs concentrations in each city was Altay > Karamay > Tacheng > Kuitun > Aksu > Kashgar > Korla > Hami > Wusu > Bole > Hotan > Huyanghe > Turpan > Atushi. According to the diagnostic ratio and PMF results, four source factors were identified: biomass combustion (36.3%), coal combustion (39.0%), gasoline and diesel combustion (13.3%), and petroleum (11.4%). The total incremental lifetime cancer risks (TILCR) due to human exposure to road dust PAHs in Xinjiang were 8.2 × 10 for children, 1.2 × 10 for females, and 1.2 × 10 for males.

关键词： Cancer risk assessment NPAHs OPAHs PAHs PMF Road dust

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Secondary organic carbon quantification and source apportionment of PM_(10) in Kaifeng, China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第10期21卷 1353-1362页

作者： WU Lin FENG Yinchang WU Jianhui ZHU Tan BI Xiaohui HAN Bo YANG Weihong YANG Zhiqiang State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China Kaifeng Environmental Monitoring Center Kaifeng 475000 China.

During 2005, the filter samples of ambient PM10 from five sites and the source samples of particulate matter were collected in Kaifeng, Henan Province of China. Nineteen elements, water-soluble ions, total carbon （TC） and organic carbon （OC） contained in samples were analyzed. Seven contributive source types were identified and their contributions to ambient PM10 were estimated by chemical mass balance （CMB） receptor model. Weak associations between the concentrations of organic carbon and element carbon （EC） were observed during the sampling periods, indicating that there was secondary organic aerosol pollution in the urban atmosphere. An indirect method of ＂OC/EC minimum ratio＂ was applied to estimate the concentration of secondary organic carbon （SOC）. The results showed that SOC contributed 26.2%, 32.4% and 18.0% of TC in spring, summer-fall and winter, respectively, and the annual average SOC concentration was 7.07 μg/m^3, accounting for 5.73% of the total mass in ambient PM10. The carbon species concentrations in ambient PM10 were recalculated by subtracting SOC concentrations from measured concentrations of TC and OC to increase the compatibility of source and receptor measurements for CMB model.

关键词： PM10 source apportionment secondary organic carbon chemical mass balance

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