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Significant N-containing brown carbon emission from heavy-duty diesel vehicles revealed by the molecular and chromophore analysis using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry

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npj Climate and Atmospheric Science 2025年第1期8卷 1-8页

作者： Xiao He Xuan Zheng Ting Chen Shuwen Guo Bin Jiang Xubing Cao Yuan Cheng Zhiyuan Li Yan Ding Shaojun Zhang Jingkun Jiang Shuxiao Wang Ye Wu College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry CAS Guangzhou 510640 China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Environment Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China School of Public Health (Shenzhen) Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China Vehicle Emission Control Center Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084 China

Brown carbon (BrC) holds scientific significance by influencing radiative balance, cloud condensation dynamics, and regional air quality. This study demonstrated that heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) emit substantially higher levels of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols under aggressive conditions, such as frequent acceleration and high-speed phases, by investigating the emission profiles, formula distribution, and chromophore characteristics under various driving conditions. A non-targeted analysis of BrC was performed using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled with a soft electrospray ionization source. The light absorption properties were assessed and revealed significantly higher light absorption during frequent acceleration and high-speed phases compared to low-speed phases. Formula distribution analysis highlighted a substantial presence of nitrogen-containing species, constituting 53–65% of the identified peaks, with high O/N ratios (\(\ge\)3), double bond equivalent values (DBE > 10), and aromaticity equivalent (Xc\(\ge\)2.5), which indicated the substantial contribution of aromatic structures, condensed aromatics, and nitrooxy functionalities to BrC chromophores.

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Real-Time Black Carbon Emissions from Light-Duty Passenger Vehicles Using a Portable Emissions Measurement System

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Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 73-81页

作者： Xuan Zheng Liqiang He Xiaoyi He Shaojun Zhang Yihuan Cao Jiming Hao Ye Wu College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Center for Sustainable Systems School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109-1041USA State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

Black carbon(BC)is considered the second largest anthropogenic climate forcer,but the radiative effects of BC are highly correlated with its combustion ***-road vehicles are an important source of anthropogenic ***,there are major uncertainties in the estimates of the BC emissions from on-road light-duty passenger vehicles(LDPVs),and results obtained with the portable emissions measurement system(PEMS)method are particularly *** developed a PEMS platform and evaluated the on-road BC emissions from ten in-use *** demonstrated that the BC emission factors(EFs)of gasoline direction injection(GDI)engine vehicles range from 1.10 to 1.56 ***^(-1),which are higher than the EFs of port fuel injection(PFI)engine vehicles(0.10–0.17 ***^(-1))by a factor of *** BC emissions during the cold-start phase contributed 2%–33%to the total emissions.A strong correlation(R^(2)=0.70)was observed between the relative BC EFs and average vehicle speed,indicating that traffic congestion alleviation could effectively mitigate BC ***,BC and particle number(PN)emissions were linearly correlated(R^(2)=0.90),and compared to PFI engine vehicles,the instantaneous PN-to-BC emission rates of GDI engine vehicles were less sensitive to vehicle specific power-to-velocity(VSPV)increase in all speed ranges.

关键词： Black carbon Light-duty gasoline vehicles Portable emissions measurement system Real-time emissions

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食品系统与气候变化、空气污染之间的相互作用综述（英文）

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Engineering 2025年第1期 215-233页

作者： Chaopeng Hong Rui Zhong Mengyao Xu Peidong He Huibin Mo Yue Qin Danna Shi Xinlei Chen Kebin He Qiang Zhang Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration Institute of Environment and Ecology Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Institute of Data and Information Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University

Food systems are deeply affected by climate change and air pollution, while being key contributors to these environmental challenges. Understanding the complex interactions among food systems, climate change, and air pollution is crucial for mitigating climate change, improving air quality, and promoting the sustainable development of food systems. However, the literature lacks a comprehensive review of these interactions, particularly in the current phase of rapid development in the field. To address this gap, this study systematically reviews recent research on the impacts of climate change and air pollution on food systems, as well as the greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions from agri-food systems and their contribution to global climate change and air pollution. In addition, this study summarizes various strategies for mitigation and adaptation, including adjustments in agricultural practices and food supply chains. Profound changes in food systems are urgently needed to enhance adaptability and reduce emissions. This review offers a critical overview of current research on the interactions among food systems, climate change, and air pollution and highlights future research directions to support the transition to sustainable food systems.

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Size-resolved carbonaceous components and water-soluble ions measurements of ambient aerosol in Beijing

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2017年第4期29卷 298-313页

作者： Pusheng Zhao Yina Chen Jie Su Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Environmental Meteorology Forecasting Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University

A MOUDI-120 sampler was used in Beijing to collect multi-stage samples in the summer and winter of 2013 to 2015. Thirty-three sample sets were collected during the daytime,nighttime, and different pollution levels. The actual relative humidity in the impactors was calculated for the first time. The carbonaceous components（organic and elemental carbon,OC and EC, respectively） and water-soluble inorganic ions（Na~＋, NH4~＋, K~＋, Mg^（2＋）, Ca^（2＋）, Cl^-, NO3^-,and SO4^（2-）） were analyzed in each sample. The characteristics of the mass concentration distribution and charge balance were discussed. On the basis of relative humidity in the impactors, aerosols less than 1.0 μm were sampled under relatively dry conditions in most cases. The concentration levels for the chemical species were higher in the winter than in the summer. Three modes（condensation mode, droplet mode, and coarse mode） could be identified from the distributions of NH4~＋, NO3^-, SO4^（2-）, Cl^-, K~＋, OC and EC. The distribution characteristics for the pollution dissipation process were different from the pollution accumulation process. NO3^-and NO2^-contributed most of the negative electric charges in the stage below 0.1 μm. In the condensation mode, the cations were dominated by NH4~＋, which was sufficient to balance the anions. In the droplet mode of the heavily polluted samples,the ammonium was not sufficient to balance the anions. In the coarse mode, the positive electric charges were primarily composed of metal cations. The analyzed anions were not sufficient to neutralize the measured cations.

关键词： Size-resolved Carbonaceous Ion Aerosol

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Improved atmospheric mercury simulation using updated gas-particle partition and organic aerosol concentrations

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2022年第9期34卷 106-118页

作者： Kaiyun Liu Qingru Wu Shuxiao Wang Xing Chang Yi Tang Long Wang Tonghao Liu Lei Zhang Yu Zhao Qin’geng Wang Jinsheng Chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Institute of Atmospheric Environment Guangdong provincial academy of environmental scienceGuangzhou 510045China China National Environmental Monitoring Centre Beijing 100012China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmos.Environ. Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

The gaseous or particulate forms of divalent mercury(HgⅡ) significantly impact the spatial distribution of atmospheric mercury concentration and deposition flux(FLX). In the new nested-grid GEOS-Chem model, we try to modify the HgⅡ gas-particle partitioning relationship with synchronous and hourly observations at four sites in China. Observations of gaseous oxidized Hg(GOM), particulate-bound Hg(PBM), and PM 2.5 were used to derive an empirical gas-particle partitioning coefficient as a function of temperature( T) and organic aerosol(OA) concentrations under different relative humidity(RH). Results showed that with increasing RH, the dominant process of HgⅡ gas-particle partitioning changed from physical adsorption to chemical desorption. And the dominant factor of HgⅡ gas-particle partitioning changed from T to OA concentrations. We thus improved the simulated OA concentration field by introducing intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds(I/SVOCs) emission inventory into the model framework and refining the volatile distributions of I/SVOCs according to new filed tests in the recent literatures. Finally, normalized mean biases(NMBs) of monthly gaseous element mercury(GEM), GOM, PBM, WFLX were reduced from-33%–29%, 95%–300%, 64%–261%, 117%–122% to-13%–0%,-20%–80%,-31%–50%,-17%–23%. The improved model explains 69%–98% of the observed atmospheric Hg decrease during 2013–2020 and can serve as a useful tool to evaluate the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention on Mercury.

关键词： Nested GEOS-Chem model HgⅡgas-particle partitioning Organic aerosol Atmospheric mercury Mercury deposition flux

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Ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2017年第3期29卷 224-237页

作者： WenJing Wu Bin Zhao Shuxiao Wang Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality Tsinghua UniversityBeijin9 100084China Joint Institute for Earth System Science and Engineering Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA.

Volatile organic compounds （VOCs） are major precursors for ozone and secondary organic aerosol （SOA）, both of which greatly harm human health and significantly affect the Earth＇s climate. We simultaneously estimated ozone and SOA formation from anthropogenic VOCs emissions in China by employing photochemical ozone creation potential （POCP） values and SOA yields. We gave special attention to large molecular species and adopted the SOA yield curves from latest smog chamber experiments. The estimation shows that alkylbenzenes are greatest contributors to both ozone and SOA formation （36.0% and 51.6%, respectively）, while toluene and xylenes are largest contributing individual VOCs. Industry solvent use, industry process and domestic combustion are three sectors with the largest contributions to both ozone （24.7%, 23.0% and 17.8%, respectively） and SOA （22.9%, 34.6% and 19.6%, respectively） formation. In terms of the formation potential per unit VOCs emission, ozone is sensitive to open biomass burning, transportation, and domestic solvent use, and SOA is sensitive to industry process, domestic solvent use, and domestic combustion. Biomass stoves, paint application in industrial protection and buildings, adhesives application are key individual sources to ozone and SOA formation, whether measured by total contribution or contribution per unit VOCs emission. The results imply that current VOCs control policies should be extended to cover most important industrial sources, and the control measures for biomass stoves should be tightened. Finally, discrepant VOCs control policies should be implemented in different regions based on their ozone/aerosol concentration levels and dominant emission sources for ozone and SOA formation potential.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds （VOCs）OzoneSecondary organic aerosol （SOA）Formation potentialcontrol strategy

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Distributions and sources of n-alkanes in PM_(2.5) at urban,industrial and coastal sites in Tianjin,China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2010年第10期22卷 1551-1557页

作者： Weifang Li Yue Peng Zhipeng Bai State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China. Tianjin Academy of Environmental Protection Science Tianjin 300191 China Liaoning Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center Shenyang 110031 China

Aliphatic hydrocarbons （n-alkanes） associated with fine particulate matter were determined in the ambient air of urban, industrial and coastal areas in Tianjin, China, where intensive coal burning for industrial and domestic purpose takes place, n-Alkane homologues from C12 to C35 were quantifiable in all samples with C20-C31 being the most abundant species. Average concentrations of the total n-alkanes were 148.7, 250.1 and 842.0 ng/m3 in July, April and January, respectively. Seasonal variations were mainly attributed to ambient temperature changes and coal combustion for residential heating. Among the three studied areas, the highest levels of n-alkanes were observed in the industrial complex in winter and spring, but in summer the coastal alkane concentration moved up to the highest. A mono-modal distribution for n-alkanes was observed in spring and summer with odd carbon number predominance and a maximum centered at C27-C31, suggesting the release of plant wax into the atmosphere. The bimodal distribution with maxima at C22 and C26 observed in winter indicated a substantial influence of fossil fuel sources. All the CPIs （CPI1, CPI2, CPI3） values, varying between 0.64 and 1.97, indicated the influence of anthropogenic emissions on fine organic aerosols. The estimated contributions of plant wax to total n-alkanes were on average of 12.9%, 19.1% and 26.1% for winter, spring and summer, respectively.

关键词： PM2.5 n-alkanes distribution pattern CPIs plant wax

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China’s carbon neutrality:an extensive and profound systemic reform

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第2期17卷 1-7页

作者： Xi Lu Dan Tong Kebin He State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control and School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute for Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System ModelingInstitute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

China is the largest developing economy and carbon dioxide emitter in the world,the carbon neutrality goal of which will have a profound influence on the mitigation pathway of global climate *** transition towards a carbon-neutral society is integrated into the construction of ecological civilization in China,and brings profound implications for China’s socioeconomic ***,we not only summarize the major challenges in achieving carbon neutrality in China,but also identify the four potential new opportunities:namely,the acceleration of technology innovations,narrowing regional disparity by reshaping the value of resources,transforming the industrial structure,and co-benefits of pollution and carbon ***,we provide five policy suggestions and highlight the importance of balancing economic growth and carbon mitigation,and the joint efforts among the government,the enterprises,and the residents.

关键词： Carbon neutrality Energy structure Technology-dependent society Coordinated mitigation for air pollutants and CO_(2)

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Measurement of air exchange rates in different indoor environments using continuous CO_2 sensors

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2012年第4期24卷 657-664页

作者： Yan You Can Niu Jian Zhou Yating Liu Zhipeng Bai Jiefeng Zhang Fei He Nan Zhang State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

A new air exchange rate （AER） monitoring method using continuous CO2 sensors was developed and validated through both laboratory experiments and field studies. controlled laboratory simulation tests were conducted in a 1-m3 environmental chamber at different AERs （0.1-10.0 hr-1）. AERs were determined using the decay method based on box model assumptions. Field tests were conducted in classrooms, dormitories, meeting rooms and apartments during 2-5 weekdays using CO2 sensors coupled with data loggers. Indoor temperature, relative humidity （RH）, and CO2 concentrations were continuously monitored while outdoor parameters combined with on-site climate conditions were recorded. Statistical results indicated that good laboratory performance was achieved： duplicate precision was within 10%, and the measured AERs were 90%-120% of the real AERs. Average AERs were 1.22, 1.37, 1.10, 1.91 and 0.73 hr-l in dormitories, air-conditioned classrooms, classrooms with an air circulation cooling system, reading rooms, and meeting rooms, respectively. In an elderly particulate matter exposure study, all the homes had AER values ranging from 0.29 to 3.46 hr-1 in fall, and 0.12 to 1.39 hr-1 in winter with a median AER of 1.15.

关键词： air exchange rate continuous CO2 sensor steady-state method decay method particulate matter indoor-outdoorconcentration relationship

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Insights into measurements of water-soluble ions in PM_(2.5)and their gaseous precursors in Beijing

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2021年第4期33卷 123-137页

作者： Jie Su Pusheng Zhao Jing Ding Xiang Du Youjun Dou Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

To better understand the characteristics and transformation mechanisms of secondary inorganic aerosols,hourly mass concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions(WSIIs)in PM_(2.5)and their gaseous precursors were measured online from 2016 to 2018 at an urban site in *** and diurnal variations in water-soluble ions and gaseous precursors were discussed and their gas-particle conversion and partitioning were also examined,some related parameters were ***(TNH_(3))Rich was also defined to describe the variations of the excess NH_(3)in different *** addition,a sensitivity test was carried out by using ISORROPIA II to outline the driving factors of gas-particle *** Beijing,the relative contribution of nitrate to PM_(2.5)has increased markedly in recent years,especially under polluted *** the four seasons,only a small portion of NO_(2)in the atmosphere was converted into total nitrate(TNO_(3)),and more than 80%of TNO_(3)occurred in the form of nitrate due to the abundant *** concentration of total ammonia(TNH_(3))was much higher than that required to neutralize acid gases,and most of the TNH_(3)occurred as gaseous NH_(3).The nitrous acid(HONO)concentration was highly correlated with NH_(3)concentration and had increased significantly in Beijing compared with previous *** total chloride(TCl)was the highest in winter,andε(Cl^(-))was more sensitive to variations in the ambient temperature(T)and relative humidity(RH)thanε(NO_(3)^(-)).

关键词： PM_(2.5) Water-soluble ion Gaseous precursor Secondary formation Gas-particle partitioning

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