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Gas-to-particle conversion of atmospheric ammonia and sampling artifacts of ammonium in spring of Beijing

Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第2期58卷 345-355页

作者： WEI LianFang DUAN JingChun TAN JiHua MA YongLiang HE KeBin WANG ShuXiao HUANG XiaoFeng ZHANG YuanXun College of Resources and Environment University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology School of Environment and EnergyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School

PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants(SO2,HNO2,HNO3,HCl,and NH3) were simultaneously collected by Partisol- Model 2300 Sequential Speciation Sampler with denuder-filter pack system in the spring of 2013 in ***-soluble inorganic ions and gaseous pollutants were measured by Ion *** showed that the concentrations of NH3,NH+ 4and PM2.5 had similar diurnal variation trends and their concentrations were higher at night than in *** results of gas-to-particle conversion revealed that [NH3]:[NH+4] ratio was usually higher than 1; however,it was less than 1 and the concentration of NH+4 increased significantly during the haze episode,indicating that NH3 played an important role in the formation of fine *** on the sampling artifacts suggested that the volatilization loss of NH+4 was prevalent in the traditional single filter-based *** excess loss of HNO3 and HCl resulted from ammonium-poor aerosols and semivolatile inorganic species had severe losses in the clean day,whereas the mass of NH+ 4was usually overestimated during the single filter-based sampling due to the positive *** analysis was used to evaluate the influence of meteorological conditions on the volatilization loss of NH+*** was found that the average relative humidity and temperature had great effects on the loss of NH+*** loss of NH+4 was significantly under high temperature and low humidity,and tended to increase with the increasing of absorption of gaseous pollutants by *** total mass of volatile loss of NH+4,NO- 3and Cl- could not be ignored and its maximum value was 12.17 μg *** it is important to compensate sampling artifacts for semivolatile inorganic species.

关键词： ammonia gas-to-particle conversion PM2.5 ammonium sampling artifacts diurnal variation

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Methane emissions during storage of different treatments from cattle manure in Tianjin

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2010年第10期22卷 1564-1569页

作者： Jiajun Wang Chiqing Duan Yaqin Ji Yichao Sun . College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Iianjin 300071 China. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control Tianjin 300071 China Institute of Environment and Ecology Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences Tianjin 300191 China

Many studies on methane emissions from animal manure have revealed that animal manure is a major source of methane emissions to the atmosphere that can have negative consequences for people, animals and environment. In general, the release of methane can be influenced by the type of feed taken by animals, temperature, manure characteristics and so on. This study aimed at quantifying and comparing methane release from dairy manure with different piling treatments. Four treatments were designed including manure piling height 30, 45, 60 cm and adding 6 cm manure every day until the piling height was 60 cm. Static chamber method and gas chromatography were adopted to measure the methane emissions from April to June in 2009. Methane emission rates of all four manure treatments were low in the first week and then increased sharply until reaching the peak values. Subsequently, all the methane emission rates decreased and fluctuated within the steady range till the end of the experiment. Wilcoxon nonparametfic tests analysis indicated that methane emission rate was greatly influenced by manure piling height and manner. There were no significant relationships between methane emission rates and the temperatures of ambience and heap. However, regression analysis showed that the quadratic equations were found between emission rates of all treatments and the gas temperature in the barrels.

关键词： dairy manure storage methane emissions different piling treatments

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Mass concentrations and temporal profiles of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 near major urban roads in Beijing

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第4期9卷 675-684页

作者： Liu YANG Ye WU Jiaqi LI Shaojie SONG Xuan ZHENG Jiming HAO School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084China Division of Environment and Resources Research Transport Planning and Research Institute Beijing 100028 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source and Control of Air Pollution Complex 13eijing 100084 China Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA

Mass concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 were measured near major roads in Beijing during six periods： summer and winter of 2001, winter of 2007, and periods before, during and after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Since the control efforts for motor vehicles helped offset the increase of emissions from the rapid growth of vehicles, the averaged PM2.5 concentrations at roadsides during the sampling period between 2001 and 2008 fluctuated over a relatively small range. With the implementation of temporary traffic control measures during the Olympics, a clear “V” shaped curve showing the concentrations of particulate matter and other gaseous air pollutants at roadsides over time was identified. The average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, CO and NO decreased by 31.2%, 46.3%, 32.3% and 35.4%, respectively, from June to August; this was followed by a rebound of all air pollutants in December 2008. Daily PM10 concentrations near major roads exceeded the National Ambient air Quality Standard （Grade II） for 61.2% of the days in the non-Olympic periods, while only for 12.5% during the Olympics. The mean ratio of PM2.5/PM10 near major roads remained relatively stable at 0.55 （±0.108） on non-Olympic days. The ratio decreased to 0.48 （±0.099） during the Olympics due to a greater decline in fine particles than in coarse-mode PM. The ratios PM1/PM2.5 fluctuated over a wide range and were statistically different from each other during the sampling periods. The average ratios of PM1/PM2.5 on non-Olympic days were 0.71.

关键词： particulate matter traffic control measure,Beijing Olympic Games

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Characteristics of organic and elemental carbon in atmospheric fine particles in Tianjin,China

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Particuology 2009年第6期7卷 432-437页

作者： Weifang Li Zhipeng Bai State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering. Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin China

PM2.5 samples were collected at urban, industrial and coastal sites in Tianjin during winter, spring and summer in 2007. Concentrations of elemental carbon （EC） and organic carbon （OC） were analyzed using the IMPROVE thermal-optical reflectance （TOR） method. Both OC and EC exhibited a clear seasonal pattern with higher concentrations observed in the winter than in the spring and summer, due to cooperative effect of changes in emission rates and seasonal meteorology. The concentrations of carbonaceous species were also influenced by the local factors at different sampling sites, ranking in the order of industrial〉 urban 〉 coastal during winter and spring. In the summer, the port emissions, enriched with EC, had a significant impact on carbonaceous aerosols at the coastal site. Total carbonaceous aerosol accounted for 40.0% in winter, 33.8% in spring and 31.4% in summer of PM2.5 mass. Good correlation （R = 0.84-0.93） between OC and EC indicated that they had common dominant sources of combustion such as coal burning and traffic emissions. The daily average OC/EC ratios ranged from 2.1 to 9.1, the elevated OC/EC ratios being found in the winter. The estimated secondary organic carbon （SOC） accounted for 46.9%, 35.3% and 40.2% of the total OC in the winter, spring and summer, respectively, indicating that SOC may be an important contributor to fine organic aerosol in Tianjin.

关键词： PM2.5 Organic carbon Elemental carbon Secondary organic carbon Tianjin

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Size distribution,directional source contributions and pollution status of PM from Chengdu,China during a long-term sampling campaign

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2017年第6期29卷 1-11页

作者： Guo-Liang Shi Ying-Ze Tian Tong Ma Dan-Lin Song Lai-Dong Zhou Bo Han Yin-Chang Feng Armistead G.Russell State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Chengdu Research Academy of Environmental Protection Sciences Chengdu 610000China Tianjin Key Laboratory for Air Traffize Operation Planning and Safety Technology Civil Aviation University of ChinaTianjin 300300China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaC-A 30332-0512USA

Long-term and synchronous monitoring of PMIo and PM2.s was conducted in Chengdu in China from 2007 to 2013. The levels, variations, compositions and size distributions were investigated. The sources were quantified by two-way and three-way receptor models （PMF2, ME2-2way and ME2-3way）, Consistent results were found： the primary source categories contributed 63.4% （PMF2）, 64.8% （ME2-2way） and 66.8% （ME2-Bway） to PMIo, and contributed 60.9% （PMF2）, 65.5% （ME2-2way） and 61.0% （ME2-3way） to PM2.s. Secondary sources contributed 31.8% （PMF2）, 32.9% （ME2-2way） and 31.7% （ME2-3way） to PMIo, and 35.0% （PMF2）, 33.8% （ME2-2way） and 36.0% （ME2-3way） to PM2.s. The size distribution of source categories was estimated better by the ME2-3way method. The three-way model can simultaneously consider chemical species, temporal variability and PM sizes, while a two-way model independently computes datasets of different sizes. A method called source directional apportionment （SDA） was employed to quantify the contributions from various directions for each source category. Crustal dust from east-north-east （ENE） contributed the highest to both PM^o （12.7%） and PMzs （9.7%） in Chengdu, followed by the crustal dust from south-east （SE） for PMao （9.8%） and secondary nitrate ＆ secondary organic carbon from ENE for PMzs （9.6%）. Source contributions from different directions are associated with meteorological conditions, source locations and emission patterns during the sampling period. These findings and methods provide useful tools to better understand PM pollution status and tn dovolon offoctive nolhltion control gtrateMeg.

关键词： PM10 PM2.5 PMF2 ME2-3way Size distribution Source directional apportionment

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Emission characteristics of offshore fishing ships in the Yellow Bo Sea, China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第3期30卷 83-91页

作者： Yingshuai Liu Yunshan Ge Jianwei Tan Mingliang Fu Asad Naeem Shah Luqiang Li Zhe Ji Yan Ding National Lab of Auto Performance and Emission Test School of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing Beijing 100081 China State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084 China Collaborative Innovation Centre for Regional Environmental Quality Beijing 100084 China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Lahore 54000 Pakistan Vehicle Emission Control Center Ministry of Environmental Protection Beijing 100012 China

Maritime transport has been playing a decisive role in global trade. Its contribution to the air pollution of the sea and coastal areas has been widely recognized. The air pollutant emission inventories of several harbors in China have already been established. However,the emission factors of local ships have not been addressed comprehensively, and thus are lacking from the emission inventories. In this study, on-board emission tests of eight diesel-powered offshore fishing ships were conducted near the coastal region of the northern Yellow Bo Sea fishing ground of Dalian, China. Results show that large amounts of fine particles（ 0.5 μm, 90%） were found in maneuvering mode, which were about five times higher than those during cruise mode. Emission rates as well as emission factors based on both distance and fuel were determined during the cruise and maneuvering modes（including departure and arrival）. Average emission rates and distance-based emission factors of CO, HC and PM were much higher during the maneuvering mode as compared with the cruise mode. However, the average emission rate of Nitrous Oxide（NOx） was higher during the cruise mode as compared with the maneuvering modes. On the contrary, the average distance-based emission factors of NOxwere lower during the cruise mode relative to the maneuvering mode due to the low sailing speed of the latter.

关键词： Marine Offshore fishing ship Emission factor PEMS Operating modes

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Impact of meteorological condition changes on air quality and particulate chemical composition during the COVID-19 lockdown

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2021年第11期33卷 45-56页

作者： Jing Ding Qili Dai Yafei Li Suqin Han Yufen Zhang Yinchang Feng Tianjin Environmental Meteorological Center Tianjin 300074China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research Tianjin 300074China

Stringent quarantine measures during the Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)lockdown period(January 23,2020 to March 15,2020)have resulted in a distinct decrease in anthropogenic source emissions in North China Plain compared to the paralleled period of ***,22.7%decrease in NO_(2)and 3.0%increase of O_(3)was observed in Tianjin,nonlinear relationship between O_(3)generation and NO_(2)implied that synergetic control of NOx and VOCs is *** meteorological condition during the COVID-19 lockdown obscured the actual PM2.5 *** transport in 2020 Spring Festival(SF)triggered regional haze ***2.5 during the COVID-19 lockdown only reduced by 5.6%in *** we used the dispersion coefficient to normalize the measured PM2.5(DN-PM2.5),aiming to eliminate the adverse meteorological impact and roughly estimate the actual PM2.5 reduction,which reduced by 17.7%during the COVID-19 *** terms of PM2.5 chemical composition,significant NO_(3)−increase was observed during the COVID-19 ***,as a tracer of atmospheric oxidation capacity,odd oxygen(Ox=NO_(2)+O_(3))was observed to reduce during the COVID-19 lockdown,whereas relative humidity(RH),specific humidity and aerosol liquid water content(ALWC)were observed with noticeable *** oxidation rate(NOR)was observed to increase at higher specific humidity and ALWC,especially in the haze episode occurred during 2020SF,high air humidity and obvious nitrate generation was *** enhanced air humidity may response for the nitrate increase during the COVID-19 lockdown period.

关键词： COVID-19 lockdown air quality Meteorological condition air humidity Aerosol chemistry

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Application of land use regression for estimating concentrations of major outdoor air pollutants in Jinan, China

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2010年第11期11卷 857-867页

作者： Li CHEN Shi-yong DU Zhi-peng BAI Shao-fei KONG Yan YOU Bin HAN Dao-wen HAN Zhi-yong LI College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution and Control Tianjin 300071 China College of Urban and Environmental Science Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 China Jinan Institute of Environmental Sciences Jinan 250014 China

SO2, NO2, and PM10 are the major outdoor air pollutants in China, and most of the cities in China have regulatory monitoring sites for these three air pollutants. In this study, we developed a land use regression (LUR) model using regulatory monitoring data to predict the spatial distribution of air pollutant concentrations in Jinan, China. Traffic, land use and census data, and meteorological and physical conditions were included as candidate independent variables, and were tabulated for buffers of varying radii. SO2, NO2, and PM10 concentrations were most highly correlated with the area of industrial land within a buffer of 0.5 km (R2=0.34), the distance from an expressway (R2=0.45), and the area of residential land within a buffer of 1.5 km (R2=0.25), respectively. Three multiple linear regression (MLR) equations were established based on the most significant variables (p<0.05) for SO2, NO2, and PM10, and R2 values obtained were 0.617, 0.640, and 0.600, respectively. An LUR model can be applied to an area with complex terrain. The buffer radii of independent variables for SO2, NO2, and PM10 were chosen to be 0.5, 2, and 1.5 km, respectively based on univariate models. Intercepts of MLR equations can reflect the background concentrations in a certain area, but in this study the intercept values seemed to be higher than background concentrations. Most of the cities in China have a network of regulatory monitoring sites. However, the number of sites has been limited by the level of financial support available. The results of this study could be helpful in promoting the application of LUR models for monitoring pollutants in Chinese cities.

关键词： Land use regression (LUR) air pollution Background concentration Geographic information system (GIS)

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Highly spatial and temporal bottom-up vehicle emission characterization and its control in a typical ecology-preservation area

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Eco-Environment & Health 2022年第3期1卷 156-164页

作者： Pengju Bie Fanyuan Deng Bi Chen Li Wang Fan Yang Jianguo Zhou Huan Liu Kebin He State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution ComplexSchool of EnvironmentInternational Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy InnovationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Technique Center of Kweichow Moutai Co.Ltd. Renhuai 564501China

The Chishui River Valley is a microscale ecology-preservation area with industrial *** significance of evaluating vehicular emissions has been gradually highlighted with the rapid development of the local transportation and tourism *** study provides the first estimates based on both bottom-up and top-down *** annual total emissions of CO,NOx,hydrocarbons(HC),PM10,and PM2.5 in 2019 were 347.8,189.6,46.3,6.9,and 6.3 Mg,*** contributed the most(55%)to the NOx emissions,followed by heavy-duty passenger vehicles(26%).In contrast,light-duty passenger vehicles and motorcycles generated 75%of the HC *** superior accuracy of highly spatial and temporal bottom-up estimates versus top-down estimates is validated by the similar variation trends of hourly emission intensities and enhanced concentrations relative to background observations for both NOx and CO,with Pearson correlation coefficients between the intensities and concentrations ranging from 0.79 to *** HC emissions peaked in 2013,followed by a sharp decline in 2014 and a continuous rise since then,whereas NOx emissions have kept increasing since *** indicated the necessity and urgency of effective vehicular emission *** on scenario analysis,traffic restrictions combined with upgrading the emission standards of admitted vehicles will possess huge emission reduction *** recommendations about establishing a low emission zone in the valley and supporting policies were introduced.

关键词： Vehicle Emission Bottom-up method Ecology-preservation Mitigation Low-emission zone

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Declining short-term emission control opportunity for major events in Chinese cities

Nature Cities

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Nature Cities 2025年 1-13页

作者： Hanying Wang Yu Zhao Qin He Kai Qin Hao Kong Jintai Lin Bo Zheng State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China School of Environment and Spatial Informatics China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou China Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University Beijing China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing China

In China, short-term emission controls have been implemented widely in the host and nearby cities of major events to reduce air pollution. However, insufficient analysis of their effectiveness has weakened the design of pollution controls. In this study, we analyzed the impact of short-term controls on nitrogen oxide emissions and quantified their main drivers in both the host and neighboring cities of 11 events held in east China from 2010 to 2023. We found that short-term controls might be more effective in neighboring cities than in host cities for some events, and that their benefits in terms of reduced emissions have weakened over time. Furthermore, the main sector of emission abatement for events has shifted from power to industry and transportation, reflecting the evolution of emission controls and the relative dominance of air-pollution budgets for different sectors. Our analysis highlights the enhanced targeting of short-term air pollution controls for Chinese cities, which also supports the long-term policy design.

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