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Chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM_(1) and PM_(2.5) in Tianjin, China: Impacts of biomass burning and primary biogenic sources

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2021年第1期33卷 196-209页

作者： Jahan Zeb Khan Long Sun Yingze Tian Guoliang Shi Yinchang Feng Center for Ecological Research&Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education College of ForestryNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Enuironmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350China

The submicron particulate matter(PM_(1))and fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))are very important due to their greater adverse impacts on the natural environment and human *** this study,the daily PM_(1) and PM_(2.5) samples were collected during early summer 2018 at a sub-urban site in the urban-industrial port city of Tianjin,*** collected samples were analyzed for the carbonaceous fractions,inorganic ions,elemental species,and specific marker sugar *** chemical characterization of PM_(1) and PM_(2.5) was based on their concentrations,compositions,and characteristic ratios(PM_(1)/PM_(2.5),AE/CE,NO3^-/SO4^2-,OC/EC,SOC/OC,OM/TCA,K^+/EC,levoglucosan/K^+,V/Cu,and V/Ni).The average concentrations of PM_(1) and PM_(2.5) were 32.4μg/m and 53.3μg/m^3,and PM_(1) constituted 63%of PM_(2.5) on *** source apportionment of PM_(1) and PM_(2.5) by positive matrix factorization(PMF)model indicated the main sources of secondary aerosols(25%and 34%),biomass burning(17%and 20%),traffic emission(20%and 14%),and coal combustion(17%and 14%).The biomass burning factor involved agricultural fertilization and waste *** biomass burning and primary biogenic contributions were determined by specific marker sugar *** anthropogenic sources(combustion,secondary particle formation,etc)contributed significantly to PM_(1) and PM_(2.5),and the natural sources were more evident in PM_(2.5).This work significantly contributes to the chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM_(1) and PM_(2.5) in near-port cities influenced by the diverse sources.

关键词： PM_(1) and PM_(2.5) Near-port city Chemical characterization Source apportionment Biomass burning Primary biogenic

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Evidence on the causes of the rising levels of COD_(Mn) along the middle route of the South-to-North Diversion Project in China:The role of algal dissolved organic matter

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 281-290页

作者： Chao Wang Hong Zhang Pei Lei Xiaokang Xin Aijing Zhang Wei Yin Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute Wuhan 430051China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210046China Construction and Administration Bureau of South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project Beijing 100038China Key Laboratory cf Ecological Regulation ofNon-point Source Pollution in Lake and Reservoir Water Sources Wuhan 430051China

As the biggest inter-basin water transfer scheme in the world,the South-to-North Water Diversion Project(SNWD) was designed to alleviate the water crisis in North *** main channel of the middle route of the SNWD is of great concern in terms of the drinking water *** this study,we tested the hypothesis that the dissolved organic matter(DOM) derived from the planktonic algae causes the rising levels of COD_(Mn) along the middle route by monitoring data on water quality(2015-2019,monthly resolution).The results showed that algal density in the main channel increased along the channel and was significantly correlated with COD_(Mn)(p <0.01).Five fluorescent components of DOM,including tyrosine-like(14.85%),tryptophan-like(22.48%),microbial byproduct-like(26.34%),fulvic acid-like(11.41%),and humic acid-like(24.92%) components,were *** level of tyrosine-like components increased along the channel and was significantly correlated with algal density(p<0.01),indicating that algae significantly changed the level of DOM in the *** decomposition and metabolism were found to be the main mechanisms that drive the changes in COD_(Mn).Therefore,controlling algal density would be an important measure to prevent further increase in CODMn and for the guarantee of excellent water quality.

关键词： Dissolved organic matter(DOM)Algae COD_(Mn) South-to-North Diversion Project Danjiangkou reservoir Three-dimensional fluorescence excitation emission matrix spectroscopy(3D-EEMs)

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Influence of Exposure Pathways on Tissue Distribution and Health Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives

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Environment & Health 2023年第3期1卷 150-167页

作者： Yu Zhang Qian Hu Jiaqi Fu Xinting Li Hongjun Mao Ting Wang Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

The oxygen(OPAHs),nitro(NPAHs),hydroxyl(OH-PAHs),and alkylated(APAHs)derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAHs)are ubiquitous pollutants in the *** concentrations of NPAHs,OPAHs,OH-PAHs,and APAHs are lower than that of PAHs in the environment,but the carcinogenic abilities of the derivatives are usually 10 to 1,000-fold higher than that of parent *** are three main pathways for the exposure of polycyclic aromatic compounds to humans,including inhalation,direct contact,and *** exposure by inhalation,they are mainly distributed in the lungs,affecting lung function and causing inflammation,asthma,*** to the digestive system’s strong capacity for metabolism,intake of PAHs and the derivatives is primarily distributed in the digestive system and metabolized *** it may lead to dysplasia of these organs and even to *** skin is the primary site of direct contact with PAH *** derivatives can enter the bloodstream through all three contact pathways,thereby accumulating in various *** study aimed to summarize the influence of exposure pathways on tissue distribution and the health impact of PAH derivatives to provide references for future research and evaluation on public health.

关键词： PAH derivatives concentration tissue distribution exposure pathway health impact

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Advanced modeling of the absorption enhancement of black carbon particles in chamber experiments by considering the morphology and coating thickness

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第9期18卷 129-142页

作者： Xiaodong Wei Jianlin Hu Chao Liu Xiaodong Xie Junjie Yin Song Guo Min Hu Jianfei Peng Huijun Wang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster(Ministry of Education)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Nansen−Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China East China Air Traffic Management Bureau CAAC Shanghai 200335China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control(IJRC)(Ministry of Education)College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research&State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Measurements studies have shown that the absorption of radiation by black carbon(BC)increases as the particles ***,there are significant discrepancies between the measured and modeled absorption enhancement(E_(abs)),largely due to the simplifications used in modeling the mixing states and shape *** took advantage of chamber experiments on BC aging and developed an efficient method to resolve the particle shape based on the relationship between the coating fraction(ΔD_(ve)/D_(ve),0)and fractal dimension(D_(f)),which can also reflect the variations of D_(f)during the whole BC aging *** with externally and partly mixed states(0≤ΔD_(ve)/D_(ve),0≤0.5)can be considered to be uniformly distributed with the D_(f)values of 1.8–2.1,whereas the Df values are constrained in the range 2.2–2.8 for fully mixed states(ΔD_(ve)/D_(ve),0>0.5).The morphological parameters(i.e.,the effective density and the dynamic shape factor)were compared with the measured values to verify the simulated *** simulated mean deviations of morphological parameters were smaller than 8%for the method resolving the particle *** applying a realistic shape and refractive index,the mass absorption cross for fully mixed states can be improved by 11%compared with a simplified core–shell *** on our understanding of the influence of D_(f)andΔD_(ve)/D_(ve),0 on E_(abs),we propose a two-stage calibration equation to correct the E_(abs)values estimated by the core–shell model,which reduces the simulation error in the Mie calculation by 6%–14%.

关键词： Black carbon Mixing states Fractal dimension Dynamic shape factor Absorption enhancement

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Modeling the dynamic impacts of maritime network blockage on global supply chains

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The Innovation 2024年第4期5卷 103-109,102页

作者： Shen Qu Yunlei She Qi Zhou Jasper Verschuur Lu-Tao Zhao Huan Liu Ming Xu Yi-Ming Wei Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Management Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Key Lab of Energy Economics and Environmental Management Beijing 100081China Oxford Programme for Sustainable Infrastructure Systems(OPSIS) Environmental Change InstituteUniversity of OxfordOX12JD OxfordUK State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Recent phenomena such as pandemics,geopolitical tensions,and climate change-induced extreme weather events have caused transportation network interruptions,revealing vulnerabilities in the global supply chain.A salient example is the March 2021 Suez Canal blockage,which delayed 432 vessels carrying cargo valued at$92.7 billion,triggering widespread supply chain *** ability to model the spatiotemporal ramifications of such incidents remains *** fill this gap,we develop an agent-based complex network model integrated with frequently updated maritime *** Suez Canal blockage is taken as a case *** results indicate that the effects of such blockages go beyond the directly affected countries and *** Suez Canal blockage led to global losses of about$136.9($127.5–$147.3)billion,with India suffering 75%of these *** losses show a nonlinear relationship with the duration of blockage and exhibit intricate trends post *** proposed model can be applied to diverse blockage scenarios,potentially acting as an earlyalert system for the ensuing supply chain ***,high-resolution daily data post blockage offer valuable insights that can help nations and industries enhance their resilience against similar future events.

关键词： chains valued extreme

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The Pathway Toward Carbon Neutrality:Challenges and Countermeasures

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Engineering 2022年第7期8卷 1-2页

作者： Xiaoye Zhang Xiang Gao State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of the China Meteorological Administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution ControlZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

China’s solemn commitment to the world to strive for carbon neutrality by 2060 demonstrates the nation’s determination to take a new development route,different from its impressive achievements during the more than 40 years since *** a green,low-carbon,and high-quality development path is also a strong manifestation of China’s determination to follow its consis-tent development belief of“conformity with morality,”with its emphasis on multilateral mechanisms and a willingness to make the best possible contribution to global concerns such as adaption to and mitigation of climate change.

关键词： Countermeasures neutral morality

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Modeling of distributed parameter systems based on independent partial derivative-physics-informed neural network

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Neurocomputing 2025年 642卷

作者： Lijie Wang Yangshu Lin Xinrong Yan Yuhao Shao Zuhua Xu Chao Yang Haidong Fan Yurong Xie Chenghang Zheng State Key Lab of Clean Energy Utilization Institute of Carbon Neutrality State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co. Ltd. Hangzhou 310030 China State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co. Ltd. Hangzhou 310051 China

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have attracted considerable interest due to their capacity to incorporate established physical principles, thus facilitating efficient training with a limited amount of observed data. This approach ensures that the results of supervised learning are in accordance with the governing physical laws of the system, thereby enhancing the interpretability of models. However, existing research predominantly employs a single network architecture to simultaneously learn the information of the partial differential equations (PDEs). Such architectures typically require large network sizes to learn the system characteristics, which leads to prolonged training times and inefficiencies. This paper introduces a novel modeling framework, termed the independent partial derivative-physics-informed neural network (IPD-PINN). In contrast to conventional methodologies, IPD-PINN employs a network comprising multiple subnetworks, with each subnetwork dedicated to the learning of individual partial derivatives in the PDEs. The modular network structure allows for flexible and scalable adjustments to the size of each subnetwork, accommodating modeling tasks of varying complexities. Consequently, the entire network is capable of reducing the required training time while maintaining precise modeling accuracy. The efficacy of the proposed IPD-PINN method is demonstrated through two simulation case studies, which highlight its potential to improve the efficiency and accuracy of IPD-PINN modeling.

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Is atmospheric oxidation capacity better in indicating tropospheric O_(3) formation?

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 127-133页

作者： Peng Wang Shengqiang Zhu Mihalis Vrekoussis Guy PBrasseur Shuxiao Wang Hongliang Zhang Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science&EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Institute of Environmental Physics University of BremenBremen D-28359Germany Climate and Atmosphere Research Center(CARE-C) the Cyprus InstituteNicosia 27456Cyprus Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Hamburg 20146Germany National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCO 80307USA State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Shanghai 202162China

Tropospheric ozone(O_(3))concentration is increasing in China along with dramatic changes in precursor emissions and meteorological conditions,adversely affecting human health and ecosystems.O_(3) is formed from the complex nonlinear photochemical reactions from nitrogen oxides(NOx=NO+NO_(2))and volatile organic compounds(VOCs).Although the mechanism of O_(3) formation is rather clear,describing and analyzing its changes and formation potential at fine spatial and temporal resolution is still a challenge *** this study,we briefly summarized and evaluated different approaches that indicate O_(3) formation *** identify that atmospheric oxidation capacity(AOC)is a better indicator of photochemical reactions leading to the formation of O_(3) and other secondary *** show that AOC has a prominent positive relationship to O_(3) in the major city clusters in China,with a goodness of fit(R^(2))up to *** outcome provides a novel perspective in characterizing O_(3) formation and has significant implications for formulating control strategies of secondary pollutants.

关键词： O_(3) AOC O_(3) formation regime

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Characterization and prediction of tailpipe ammonia emissions from in-use China 5/6 light-duty gasoline vehicles

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 71-81页

作者： Lewei Zeng Fengbin Wang Shupei Xiao Xuan Zheng Xintong Li Qiyuan Xie Xiaoyang Yu Cheng Huang Qingyao Hu Yan You Ye Wu College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China State Key Laboratory of Engines Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co.Ltd. Tianjin 300300China CATARC Automotive Test Center(Guangzhou)Co.Ltd. Guangzhou 511300China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental SciencesShanghai 200233China National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research InstituteMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

On-road tailpipe ammonia (NH3) emissions contribute to urban secondary organic aerosol formation and have direct or indirect adverse impacts on the environment and human health. To understand the tailpipe NH3 emission characteristics, we performed comprehensive chassis dynamometer measurements of NH3 emission from two China 5 and two China 6 light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) equipped with three-way catalytic converters (TWCs). The results showed that the distance-based emission factors (EFs) were 12.72 ± 2.68 and 3.18 ± 1.37 mg/km for China 5 and China 6 LDGVs, respectively. Upgrades in emission standards were associated with a reduction in tailpipe NH3 emission. In addition, high NH3 EFs were observed during the engine warm-up period in cold-start cases owing to the intensive emissions of incomplete combustion products and suitable catalytic temperature in the TWCs. Notably, based on the instantaneous NH3 emission rate, distinct NH3–emitting events were detected under high/extra high velocity or rapid acceleration. Furthermore, NH3 emission rates correlated well with engine speed, vehicle specific power, and modified combustion efficiency, which were more easily accessible. These strong correlations were applied to reproduce NH3 emissions from China 5/6 LDGVs. The predicted NH3 EFs under different dynamometer and real-world cycles agreed well with existing measurement and prediction results, revealing that the NH3 EFs of LDGVs in urban routes were within 8.55–11.62 mg/km. The results presented here substantially contribute to improving the NH3 emission inventory for LDGVs and predicting on-road NH3 emissions in China.

关键词： NH3 instantaneous emissions Catalytic temperature Vehicle specific power Combustion efficiency Emission prediction

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A land use regression for predicting NO_2 and PM_(10) concentrations in different seasons in Tianjin region,China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2010年第9期22卷 1364-1373页

作者： Li Chen Zhipeng Bai Shaofei Kong Bin Han Yan You Xiao Ding Shiyong Du Aixia Liu College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution and Control Iianjin 300071 China College of Urban and Environmental Science Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 China Jinan Institute of Environmental Sciences Jinan 250014 China Tianjin Institute of Meteorological Science Tianjin 300074 China

Land use regression （LUR） model was employed to predict the spatial concentration distribution of NO2 and PM10 in the Tianjin region based on the environmental air quality monitoring data. Four multiple linear regression （MLR） equations were established based on the most significant variables for NO2 in heating season （R2 = 0.74）, and non-heating season （R2 = 0.61） in the whole study area; and PM10 in heating season （R2 = 0.72）, and non-heating season （R2 = 0.49）. Maps of spatial concentration distribution for NO2 and PM10 were obtained based on the MLR equations （resolution is 10 krn）. Intercepts of MLR equations were 0.050 （NOz, heating season）, 0.035 （NO2, non-heating season）, 0.068 （PM10, heating season）, and 0.092 （PM10, non-beating season） in the whole study area. In the central area of Tianjin region, the intercepts were 0.042 （NO2, heating season）, 0.043 （NO2, non-heating season）, 0.087 （PM10, heating season）, and 0.096 （PMl0, non-heating season）. These intercept values might imply an area＇s background concentrations. Predicted result derived from LUR model in the central area was better than that in the whole study area. Rz values increased 0.09 （heating season） and 0.18 （non-heating season） for NO2, and 0.08 （heating season） and 0.04 （non-heating season） for PMl0. In terms of R2, LUR model performed more effectively in heating season than non-heating season in the study area and gave a better result for NOz compared with PM10.

关键词： land use regression air pollution Tianjin background concentration geographic information system

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