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Mercury flows in large-scale gold production and implications for Hg pollution control

Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 91-99页

作者： Qingru Wu Shuxiao Wang Mei Yang Haitao Su Guoliang Li Yi Tang Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084 China College of Electromechanical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266061 China

Large-scale gold production（LSGP） is one of the five convention-related atmospheric mercury（Hg） emission sources in the Minamata Convention on Mercury. However, field experiments on Hg flows of the whole process of LSGP are limited. To identify the atmospheric Hg emission points and understand Hg emission characteristics of LSGP, Hg flows in two gold smelters were studied. Overall atmospheric Hg emissions accounted for 10%–17% of total Hg outputs and the Hg emission factors for all processes were 7.6–9.6 kg/ton. There were three dominant atmospheric Hg emission points in the studied gold smelters, including the exhaust gas of the roasting process, exhaust gas from the environmental fog collection stack and exhaust gas from the converter of the refining process. Atmospheric Hg emissions from the roasting process only accounted for 16%–29% of total emissions and the rest were emitted from the refining process. The overall Hg speciation profile（gaseous elemental Hg/gaseous oxidized Hg/particulate-bound Hg） for LSGP was 34.1/57.1/8.8. The dominant Hg output byproducts included waste acid, sulfuric acid and cyanide leaching residue. Total Hg outputs from these three byproducts were 80% in smelter A and 84% in smelter B. Our study indicated that previous atmospheric Hg emissions from large-scale gold production might have been *** emission control in LSGP is not especially urgent in China compared to other significant emission sources（e.g., cement plants）. Instead, LSGP is a potential Hg release source due to the high Hg output proportions to acid and sludge.

关键词： Large-scale gold production Mercury Flow analysis Emission characteristics

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Observations of Atmospheric Co2 and Co Based on In-Situ and Ground-Based Remote Sensing Measurements at Hefei Site, China

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Shan, Changgong Wang, Wei Xie, Yu Wu, Peng Xu, Jiaqing Zeng, Xiangyu Zha, Lingling Zhu, Qianqian Sun, Youwen Hu, Qihou Liu, Cheng Jones, Nicholas Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 China Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen361021 China Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Department of Automation Hefei University Anhui Hefei230601 China School of Earth Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong Northfields Ave WollongongNSW2522 Australia State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing100084 China

The characteristics of long time series of CO2 and CO surface concentrations, tropospheric and total column dry-air mole fractions (DMF) from May 2015 to December 2019 were investigated. Both CO2 and CO show different seasonality for the three datasets. The annual increasing trend of CO2 is similar for all three datasets. However, the annual decreasing trend of CO for surface concentration is high compared to the other two measurements, mainly due to the improved combustion efficiency from power generation in recent years. The correlation between the tropospheric and total atmospheric CO2 and CO is higher than that between the surface concentration and tropospheric CO2 and CO. This is because the tropospheric and total atmospheric results both have common vertical profiles for CO2 and CO respective mole fractions that was observed in troposphere. Furthermore, the enhancement ratios of CO2 to CO derived from the three datasets during the period from 2016 to 2019 were compared. The ratio of ∆CO2 to ∆CO has an obvious increase with altitude each year, which means that the combustion efficiencies obtained from the three datasets are different. All ratios for the three datasets showed a slight increasing trend in recent years, which is attributed to increased combustion efficiency due to governmental measures for energy savings and emission reductions. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Impact on Changes of air Quality in Xiamen airport During Covid-19 Lockdown

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Han, Bo Yao, Tingwei Li, Guojian Zhang, Yiye Dai, Qili Yu, Jian School of Transportation Science and Engineering Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin China Research Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development of Civil Aviation Administration of China Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin China Airline Operating Center Xiamen Airlines Xiamen China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research Tianjin China

Emission reductions from transportation sector during COVID-19 lockdown significantly lowered NO 2 concentration in urban areas. Due to the reduction of flights, it would be interesting to know if such an intervention would really affect air quality. Here a generalized additive model was applied to predict NO 2 and PM 2.5 concentrations near Xiamen airport under business-as-usual scenario (no flight-ban) and compared it with the observed levels during the lockdown. The result indicates that NO 2 concentrations decreased to a much greater extent than PM 2.5 due to the lockdown policies. Therefore changes in airport-related emissions during the lockdown did have a discernable impact on local air quality. Contribution of airport-related emissions to this reduction in NO 2 was small. In contrast, the reduction from flight-ban reduced PM 2.5 concentrations by ~13.2%, while NO 2 decreased by only ~0.7%. Thus, impact of airport operations on the nearby community is underappreciated. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： air quality

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sources of atmospheric glyoxal and methylglyoxal in Beijing and its impact on wintertime secondary organic aerosol formation

Sources of atmospheric glyoxal and methylglyoxal in Beijing ...

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第二十四届大气污染防治技术研讨会

作者： Xionghui Qiu Shuxiao Wang Qi Ying Lei Duan Jia Xing Jingyuan Cao Di Wu Xiaoxiao Li Chengzhi Xing Xiao Yan Cheng Liu Jiming Hao MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Zachry Department of Civil Engineering Texas A&M University College Station School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of China

Atmospheric glyoxal(GLY) and methylglyoxal(MGLY) are key precursors of secondary organic aerosol(SOA). However, anthropogenic emissions of GLY and MGLY and their contribution to surface GLY and MGLY concentrations, as well as the secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation, are not well quantified. By developing an emission inventory of anthropogenic GLY and MGLY and improving Community Multiscale air Quality Model(CMAQ) with SOA formation from irreversible surface uptake of GLY and MGLY, as well as a precursor-origin resolved technique, we quantified the source contributions of GLY and MGLY and their impact on wintertime SOA formation in Beijing, China. The total emissions of GLY and MGLY in Beijing in 2017 are 1.1×10～4 kmol and 7.0×10～3 kmol, respectively. Anthropogenic primary emissions are found to be the dominant contributor to GLY and MGLY concentrations(～74% for GLY and ～63% for MGLY). Anthropogenic primary emissions of GLY and MGLY contributes to 30% of GLY/MGLY SOA daily average concentration and accounts for up to 45% of nighttime GLY/MGLY SOA. The study suggests that the anthropogenic GLY and MGLY emissions, mainly from gasoline vehicles and cooking, are important for SOA formation and shall be strictly controlled in Chinese megacities.

关键词： SOA sources of atmospheric glyoxal and methylglyoxal in Beijing and its impact on wintertime secondary organic aerosol formation

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Source Identification and Apportionment of Ambient Particulate Matter Using an Advanced Computer-controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy (Ccsem) in Beijing

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhao, Peng Zhao, Pusheng Tang, Jie Li, Jiang He, Yanyun Li, Mengyan Feng, Yinchang State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin300350 China China Meteorological Administration China Joint Laboratory for Electron Microscopy Analysis of Atmospheric Particles Beijing100012 China Beijing Met High–Tech Co. Ltd. Beijing102200 China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing100081 China CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research Tianjin300350 China

The use of electron microscopy to analyze the morphology, components, and sources of atmospheric particles has been studied extensively worldwide. However, in China, there are few studies on single-particle source analysis based on computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) technology for a large number of particles, and the related technical methods need to be established and improved. In this study, ambient particulate matter (PM) was collected simultaneously from urban, suburban and background areas of Beijing and subsequently characterized using the IntelliSEM-EPAS technique (an advanced CCSEM). The deposition velocity model was used to deduce the size distribution and calculate the concentration of ambient PM. Based on the k-means algorithm and empirical rules, all particles investigated were quantitatively apportioned to nine major sources, including soil/road dust, carbonates-silicates, carbonates, irregular carbonaceous particles, irregular iron oxides, combustion/industry, calcium sulfate, secondary particles and salt-related particles. The size-resolved contributions (mass and number) of different sources were calculated. Soil/road dust (65.1%), carbonate-silicate (16.1%) and carbonate (7.1%) were the top three sources contributing to PM 10 mass. This study was the first localized application of IntelliSEM-EPAS technology in China, demonstrating its great promise in PM source apportionment. For further accurate and refined source apportionment, it is essential to build localized individual particle source profiles in the near future. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicates

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Biomass-Burning Contributions to Rainwater and Aerosol Constituents May Be Systematically Overestimated in Urban China

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Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2025年第10期130卷

作者： Yunhua Chang Lin Cheng Michihiro Mochida Ru-Jin Huang Cheng Huang Moritz F. Lehmann Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research Nagoya University Nagoya Japan Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai China Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center Shanghai China Department of Environmental Sciences University of Basel Basel Switzerland

Potassium (both water-soluble K + and elemental K) and levoglucosan (LG) are commonly used as chemical markers for emissions from biomass burning (BB). However, their application in complex urban environments, particularly in coal-dominated regions, may be compromised by overlapping sources and atmospheric processes. Using a decade-long data set (2005–2015) of rainwater chemistry and high-resolution aerosol measurements (2018–2019) in Shanghai, China's largest megacity, this study quantitatively assesses the impacts of coal combustion on potassium and LG levels. Our analysis reveals that over 80% of K + in rainwater and ∼53% of aerosol potassium originate from coal combustion as indicated by strong correlations with industrial SO 2 emissions ( r 2 = 0.80–0.95). Similarly, LG concentrations are significantly impacted by coal combustion with molecular diagnostic ratios aligning with coal-derived endmembers particularly during autumn. Considering the prevalence of coal-based energy systems in most Chinese cities, we argue that pollution attributed to BB in rainwater and aerosol across urban China may be systematically overestimated when relying on currently broadly used BB tracers. By integrating long-term observational data with receptor modeling, we further underscores the necessity of refining source attribution methodologies to better distinguish between BB and coal combustion impacts on air quality and climate in urban areas. Comprehensive data reveal coal combustion as the primary source of potassium in urban China's rainwater and aerosols Levoglucosan is deemed unreliable as a biomass-burning proxy due to significant interference from other sources and processes Accurate pollution source identification methods are needed to distinguish between coal combustion and biomass burning in urban environments Biomass burning (BB), encompassing agricultural burning and forest fires, constitutes a significant contributor to air pollution, affecting human health, air qualit

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The path to carbon neutral shipping: a comparative analysis of low carbon technologies

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2025年

作者： Zhengang Zhou Zhicheng Wu Chang Liu Lingyu Shao You Zhang Weijie Liu Haitao Shen Dongwei Yao Haidong Fan Chenghang Zheng Xiang Gao State Key Lab of Clean Energy Utilization Institute of Carbon Neutrality State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Zhejiang Energy Marine Environmental Technology Co. LTD. Hangzhou 311200 China Baima Lake Laboratory (Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Energy and Carbon Neutrality) Hangzhou 310051 China

Ship operations are crucial to global trade, and their decarbonization is essential to mitigate climate change. This study evaluates the economic viability of existing and emerging decarbonization technologies in maritime shipping using the levelized cost of energy methodology. It includes a detailed comparative analysis based on essential criteria and sensitivity assessments to highlight the economic impacts of technological advancements. key factors influencing total costs include fuel costs, carbon pricing, and energy demands for carbon capture. The findings reveal that methanol is more cost-effective than heavy fuel oil (HFO) when priced below 3000 CNY/t, assuming HFO costs 4400 CNY/t. Additionally, methanol with post-combustion carbon capture is less expensive than pre-combustion carbon capture. When carbon prices rise above 480 CNY/t, carbon capture technologies prove more economical than purchasing carbon emission allowances for HFO and liquefied natural gas. Enhancing the use of exhaust gas waste heat is recommended for cost savings. Post-combustion carbon capture also shows greater efficiency, requiring about 1.1 GJ/t less energy than pre-combustion methods, leading to lower overall costs. Future research should focus on market mechanisms to stabilize fuel prices and develop less energy-intensive carbon capture technologies. This study offers critical insights into effective decarbonization strategies for advancing global maritime trade in the present and future.

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Influence of High Relative Humidity on Secondary Organic Carbon: Observations at a Background Site in East China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第5期33卷 905-913页

作者： Linlin LIANG Guenter ENGLING Yuan CHENG Xiaoye ZHANG Junying SUN Wanyun XU Chang LIU Gen ZHANG Hui XU Xuyan LIU Qianli MA State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNV 89512USA California Air Resources Board CA 91731USA School of Environment Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Lin'an Regional Atmosphere Background Station Lin'an 311307China

To investigate the impacts of relative humidity(RH) on secondary organic aerosol(SOA) concentrations and chemical reactions, the carbonaceous aerosol components [i.e., organic carbon(OC) and element carbon(EC)] were quantified in daily PM2.5 samples collected at a background site in East China during summer 2015. Based on the method of EC-tracer, the concentration of secondary organic carbon(SOC) demonstrated an obvious negative relationship with RH higher than 60%. Moreover, the ratio of SOC/EC also exhibited obvious decreasing trends with increasing RH, indicating negative effects for chemical production of SOA under high RH conditions. Due to high RH,photochemistry was weakened, gaseous oxidant concentrations was lowered(e.g., significantly decreased O3 levels),and the production rates of SOA were relatively low. On the other hand, because of more water uptake under higher RH conditions, the aerosol droplet acidity was reduced and enhancement of SOA formation by acidity was accordingly absent. In addition, high RH also plays an important role in changing viscosity of pre-existing aerosol coatings,which can affect reactive uptake yield of SOA. Overall, the results from this study imply that SOA production may be more associated with photochemical processes, while aqueous-phase chemistry is not very important for some SOA formation in a moist ambient environment. In the ambient atmosphere, oxidant concentrations, reaction rates,airborne species, etc., are highly variable. How do these factors affect SOA yields under given ambient environment warrants further detailed investigations.

关键词： relative humidity organic aerosol secondary organic carbon(SOC) photochemistry aqueous-phase

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Publisher Correction: Ozone pollution mitigation strategy informed by long-term trends of atmospheric oxidation capacity

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Nature Geoscience 2024年 172页

作者： Wenjie Wang Xin Li Ying Liu Sihua Lu Yusheng Wu Shiyi Chen Keding Lu Min Hu Limin Zeng Min Shao Yuanhang Zhang Hang Su Yafang Cheng Ruijing Ni Ulrich Pöschl Zhaofeng Tan Franz Rohrer Andreas Wahner David D. Parrish Cheng Huang Xudong Tian K. M. Leung Liangfu Chen Meng Fan Qiang Zhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz Germany International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control Ministry of Education Beijing China Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Peking University Beijing China Institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan University Guangzhou China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai China Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung: Troposphäre (IEK-8) Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Forewarning and Quality Control of Zhejiang Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center Hangzhou China Environmental Protection Department The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Hong Kong China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science The Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China

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Application of a new reagent O-(2-methylpropyl) N-prop-2-enylcarbamothioate in industrial purification of zinc sulfides: Practice study

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Minerals Engineering 2025年 232卷

作者： Hongliang Zhang Wei Sun Fangshuo Wang Zhenhui Xie Jianxi Zeng Zhen Hu Shangyong Lin School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China Huangshaping Mining of Hunan Nonferrous Metals Stock Company Chenzhou 424421 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhuan 430081 China Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory Zhenzhou 450001 China State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming 650093 China

In view of the toughening environmental regulations and the deteriorating market environment, the development of clean, cost-effective beneficiation technologies is increasingly urgent. Hereby, an alkali-free Zn beneficiating technology developed based on collector O-(2-methylpropyl) N-prop-2-enylcarbamothioate (MPECT) is being introduced. Single mineral and binary mineral mixture tests suggest that the technology presents the potential to separate sphalerite and pyrite, with the collector MPECT providing excellent collection for CuSO 4 -activated sphalerite and sodium metabisulfite (NaMBS) giving good depression of pyrite under neutral pulp pH. The bench-scale closed-circuit flotation tests showed that the technology is suitable for the beneficiation of complex actual ore, and is capable of obtaining high-grade Zn concentrates featuring high recovery. Lastly, following the validation of numerous laboratory flotation experiments, the alkali-free technology was successfully applied in industrial production. The application results show that the technology enjoys significant advantages over the original technology, increasing Zn recovery from 93.03% to 93.54% while maintaining a close Zn grade of Zn concentrate. This translates into an increased revenue of 294,438 USD, and simultaneously reducing reagent costs by 208,000 USD for the Huangshaping Lead-Zinc Concentrator. Given the economic attractiveness of MPECT reagent scheme, the alkali-free Zn beneficiating technology is poised to be widely used in industry.

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