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An overview for monitoring and prediction of pathogenic microorganisms in the atmosphere

Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 430-441页

作者： Jianping Huang Danfeng Wang Yongguan Zhu Zifeng Yang Maosheng Yao Xiaoming Shi Taicheng An Qiang Zhang Cunrui Huang Xinhui Bi Jiang Li Zifa Wang Yongqin Liu Guibing Zhu Siyu Chen Jian Hang Xinghua Qiu Weiwei Deng Huaiyu Tian Tengfei Zhang Tianmu Chen Sijin Liu Xinbo Lian Bin Chen Beidou Zhang Yingjie Zhao Rui Wang Han Li Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety College of Atmospheric SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease(Guangzhou Medical University)Guangzhou 510230China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health National Institute of Environmental HealthChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100021China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health School of Environmental Science and EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Health and Pollution ControlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Vanke School of Public Health Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Pan-third Pole Environment Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 510640

Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)has exerted a profound adverse impact on human *** have demonstrated that aerosol transmission is one of the major transmission routes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Pathogenic microorganisms such as SARS-CoV-2 can survive in the air and cause widespread infection among *** monitoring of pathogenic microorganism transmission in the atmosphere and accurate epidemic prediction are the frontier guarantee for preventing large-scale epidemic *** of pathogenic microorganisms in the air,especially in densely populated areas,may raise the possibility to detect viruses before people are widely infected and contain the epidemic at an earlier *** multi-scale coupled accurate epidemic prediction system can provide support for governments to analyze the epidemic situation,allocate health resources,and formulate epidemic response *** review first elaborates on the effects of the atmospheric environment on pathogenic microorganism transmission,which lays a theoretical foundation for the monitoring and prediction of epidemic ***,the monitoring technique development and the necessity of monitoring pathogenic microorganisms in the atmosphere are summarized and ***,this review introduces the major epidemic prediction methods and highlights the significance to realize a multi-scale coupled epidemic prediction system by strengthening the multidisciplinary cooperation of epidemiology,atmospheric sciences,environmental sciences,sociology,demography,*** summarizing the achievements and challenges in monitoring and prediction of pathogenic microorganism transmission in the atmosphere,this review proposes suggestions for epidemic response,namely,the establishment of an integrated monitoring and prediction platform for pathogenic microorganism transmission in the atmosphere.

关键词： Aerosol transmission Epidemic monitoring methods Epidemic prediction modelsEpidemic response Multidisciplinary cooperation

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On the optimality of Kalman filter for fault detection

On the optimality of Kalman filter for fault detection

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Digital Twins and Parallel Intelligence (DTPI), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Jinming Zhou Yucai Zhu Chao Yang Yun Zhu Feng Yin State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China State Key Lab of Clean Energy Utilization State Environmental Protection Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co. Ltd. Hangzhou China

ISBN: (数字)9798350349252

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349269

Kalman filter is widely used for residual generation in fault detection. It leads to optimality in fault detection using some performance indices and also leads to statistically sound residual evaluation and threshold setting. This paper shows that these nice features do not necessarily imply an optimal fault detection performance. Based on a performance index related to fault detection rate and false alarm rate, several occasions where Kalman filter should not be used are pointed out; further the residual evaluation and threshold setting are discussed, in which it is pointed out that in stochastic setting an optimal statistical test of Kamlan filter is not related to optimality of commonly used detection performance indicators. The theoretical analysis is verified through Monte Carlo simulations and Tennessee Eastman process (TEP) dataset.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods Fault detection Simulation Frequency-domain analysis Lead Feature extraction Performance analysis Kalman filters Indexes Time-varying systems

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Synergistic Effects of Acid-Plasma Treatment on Co2 Capturetowards Carbon Materials

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ye, Zhiping Han, Chuang Pan, Meilan Zhao, Liang Liu, Na Nikiforov, Anton Leus, Karen De Geyter, Nathalie Morent, Rino Chen, Jun Li, Junhua College of Environmental Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang RD Xiacheng District Hangzhou China Ghent University Faculty of Engineering Department of Applied Physics Research Unit Plasma Technology Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 Ghent9000 Belgium Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province Interdisciplinary Research Academy Zhejiang Shuren University Hangzhou310015 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing100084 China Tsinghua University China

Conventional techniques for modifying carbon materials frequently encounter challenges in controlling pore size distribution and achieving stable surface functionalization, which restrict their CO2 adsorption efficiency. This study introduces a novel two-step acid-plasma treatment that overcomes these challenges by enabling precise nitrogen incorporation, optimizing both micropore distribution and surface chemistry. Experimental results demonstrate up to 81% improvement in CO2 adsorption capacity at 298 K and 64% at 273 K compared to untreated samples. These improvements are attributed to the enhanced micropore structure and increased pyrrolic N content, both critical to boosting adsorption performance. Advanced kinetic studies, supported by density functional theory (DFT) simulations, confirmed that the adsorption mechanism is predominantly physisorptive, driven by a significant reduction in energy barriers for adsorption-desorption transitions due to strategic nitrogen doping. This work underscores the potential of nitrogen-doped activated carbon for scalable, energy-efficient CO2 capture and storage applications, offering a promising solution to the critical challenges in the field. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Plasma applications

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Characteristics of typical intermediate and semi volatile organic compounds in Shanghai during China International Import Expo event

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Chemosphere 2024年 355卷 141779页

作者： An, Taikui Li, Yingjie Wang, Rui Jing, Sheng'ao Gao, Yaqin Liu, Shuyu Huang, Dandan Zhou, Min Dai, Haixia Huang, Cheng Lu, Jun Wang, Hongli Fu, Qingyan College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai201620 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai200233 China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou510640 China

To ensure good air quality during the China International Import Expo (CIIE) event, stringent emission-reduction measures were implemented in Shanghai. To assess the efficacy of these measures, this study measured typical categories of intermediate/semi volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs), including alkanes (C10–C26 n-alkanes and pristane), EPA-priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylnaphthalenes, benzothiazole (BTH) and chlorobenzenes (CBs), at an urban site of Shanghai before and during two CIIE events (2019 and 2020;non-CIIE versus CIIE). The average concentrations of alkanes and PAHs during both 2019 and 2020 CIIE events decreased by approximately 41% and 17%, respectively, compared to non-CIIE periods. However, the decline in BTH and CBs was only observed during CIIE-2019. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from alkanes, PAHs and BTH was evaluated under atmospheric conditions, revealing considerable SOA contributions from dimethylnaphthalenes and BTH. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis further revealed that life-related sources, such as cooking and residential emissions, make a noticeable contribution (21.6%) in addition to the commonly concerned gasoline-vehicle sources (31.5%), diesel-related emissions (20.8%), industrial emissions (18.6%) and ship emissions (7.5%). These findings provide valuable insights into the efficacy of the implemented measures in reducing atmospheric I/SVOCs levels. Moreover, our results highlight the significance of exploring additional individual species of I/SVOCs and life-related sources for further research and policy development. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Volatile organic compounds

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Health Risk Evaluation and Value Loss Analysis of Pm2.5 and Ozone in China

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Bingbing Ji, Yaqin Yang, Xiawei Shi, Jingwen Xu, Wenju Ma, Jiaofan Shen, Ruixing Wang, Baoqing Zhang, Jing Feng, Yinchang College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin300350 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control Tianjin300350 China Tianjin Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center Tianjin300191 China

In recent years, increasing concern has been observed in China regarding PM2.5 and ozone as major atmospheric pollutants, which pose significant risks to air quality and public health. The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of PM2.5 and O3 across 31 provinces in China during 2022. Furthermore, the study assessed the population’s exposure risks and estimated the loss of health value. The findings indicated that (1) The PM2.5 concentration followed a monthly "U" pattern, while the O3 concentration exhibited an inverted "U" trend. The simultaneous presence of PM2.5 and O3 was primarily noted in spring. In contrast, PM2.5-dominated and ozone-dominated pollution were more prevalent in winter and summer, respectively. (2) The risk of public exposure to them displayed a spatially parallel distribution, with higher risks generally found east of the Heihe-Tengchong Line compared to the west. (3) An estimated 31.99 × 104 individuals were projected to suffer premature mortality, with 22.58 × 104 and 9.41 × 104 linked to PM2.5 and ozone, respectively. The economic costs associated with premature deaths due to them were 214.31 billion and 94.53 billion yuan, respectively, representing 7.53% of GDP. These results underscored the significant impact of PM2.5 and ozone pollution on public health and the loss of health value in China. Therefore, the urgent implementation of targeted pollution control and prevention strategies for air pollution across different provinces is necessary. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Emission Characteristics of Lead and Particulate Matter from Lead and Zinc Smelters in China

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Jiawei Sun, Xiaohui Wu, Qingru Deng, Jianguo Li, Zhijian Wen, Minneng Xu, Liwen Gu, Yongzheng Han, Tao Feng, Lei Duan, Lei State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of the Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Aeronautics Imperial College London South Kensington Campus LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing100084 China Guodian Power Development Co. Ltd. Beijing100101 China CHN ENERGY New Energy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing102209 China

Understanding the emission characteristics of particulate matter and associated heavy metals is essential for assessing their environmental and health impacts post-emission, as well as for identifying potential control technologies for the sources. Here, a field test was conducted at two advanced smelting plants equipped with comprehensive air pollution control devices. The particles emitted from different stages of lead and zinc smelting exhibited bi-modal size distributions, with peaks observed in PM0.1-1.0 and PM2.5-10, respectively. Particulate-bound Pb was identified as the predominant Pb species in the flue gas, primarily originating from ore crushing. Consequently, over 80% of Pb was emitted in the form of coarse particles, a marked contrast to coal-fired power plants where Pb concentrated on fine particles. High efficiencies in Pb removal were achieved by dust collectors, flue gas purification systems, and acid plants with desulfurization systems, resulting in overall Pb emission factors in lead and zinc smelting were only 89.3 and 2.60 g t-1 (of metal production), respectively. Importantly, the contribution of gas-phase Pb, which accounts for approximately 16.6% of total emissions, must not be neglected in future emission monitoring and control efforts. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fossil fuel power plants

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Continuous Measurement of the Dynamics of Residential Indoor and Outdoor NO2 and the Contributions to Human Exposure

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Gu, Jianwei Du, Xu Wang, Qiaoqiao Liang, Zhishu Li, Guiying An, Taicheng Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan University Guangzhou511443 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences Shanghai200233 China Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality Guangzhou511443 China

In residential environment, NO2 is an important air pollutant. Yet, the dynamics of indoor NO2 and source contributions to human exposure are not well understood. Here, we conducted a continuous NO2 measurement in and out of eight households in Guangzhou, China. Paired high time-resolution NO2 data sets indoors (kitchen, living room) and outdoors (balcony) were obtained with NO2 monitors. We summarized the indoor and outdoor NO2 levels, identified temporal variation patterns, analyzed indoor-outdoor relationships, and quantified source contributions to indoor NO2 exposure. Indoor NO2 were overall higher than outdoor NO2, and in most cases, the highest NO2 levels were observed in the kitchen. NO2 in the kitchen was characterized by multiple spikes associated with use of gas stoves, while NO2 in the living room was also elevated but the peaks were generally smaller. The indoor-outdoor correlations were stronger in winter than in summer, and were stronger in nighttime than daytime. The sources contributing to indoor NO2 were separated with a conceptual model. Overall, the outdoor NO2 source contributed 73%-76% of the NO2 in the kitchen, and 76%-85% in the living room. The source pattern was quite different: outdoor NO2 sources were present indoors all the time;by contrast, indoor NO2 sources were present sporadically but with a very high contribution. This has important implication to the exposure assessment that indoor NO2 sources lead to short-term high exposure, and deserves attention regarding acute health effects. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gas stoves

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An Increase in Primary Formaldehyde Emissions Induced by the Coal-to-Gas Policy in Beijing

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Tang, Guiqian Kang, Yanyu Liu, Baoxian Yao, Dan Wang, Yiming Wang, Yinghong Wang, Yuesi Anhui University of Science and Technology China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing100084 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center Beijing100048 China School of Environment Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control Ministry of Education Henan Normal University Xinxiang453007 China Beijing100081 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

In recent years, China has implemented the "coal-to-gas" strategy. The source composition spectra of pollutants emitted from coal and natural gas combustion are substantially different. Therefore, changes in the energy structure may lead to a significant impact on the atmospheric formaldehyde (HCHO) concentration and sources. To investigate the changes in HCHO sources, this study used proton transfer reaction-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry to observe and analyze HCHO in Beijing in May (spring), August (summer), and October (autumn) of 2019 and January (winter) of 2020. The average concentrations during the observation period were 5.1 ± 2.5 ppb (spring), 7.2 ± 1.9 ppb (summer), 3.6 ± 1.9 ppb (autumn), and 1.8 ± 0.5 ppb (winter), showing a characteristic of a single peak (midday) variation. Using nonmethane hydrocarbons as tracers, the source contributions of HCHO were quantified by the positive matrix factorization method. The results showed that the average contribution of secondary + biogenic was 2.2 ppb throughout the year, while the average contribution of anthropogenic primary was 1.5 ppb, accounting for 60.0% and 40.0% of the total concentration, respectively. Importantly, compared with 2011, the contribution of anthropogenic primary increased considerably, by 18.2% in winter, which has a significant relationship with "coal-to-gas". This study emphasizes the importance of primary HCHO emissions from natural gas. With the deep promotion of "coal-to-gas", it is necessary to strengthen the control of pollutants directly emitted from natural gas combustion in the future. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coal

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Characteristics of Organic and Eelemental Carbon in PM2.5 Aerosols in Tianjin, China

Characteristics of Organic and Eelemental Carbon in PM2.5 Ae...

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The 1st China International Symposium on Particles Technology(第一届颗粒技术国际研讨会)

作者： Weifang Li Zhipeng Bai Aixia Liu Taosheng jin State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P R China Meteorological Institute of Tianjin Tianjin 300074 P R China

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Applying Machine Learning to Construct Braking Emission Model for Real-World Road Driving

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wei, Ning Men, Zhengyu Ren, Chunzhe Jia, Zhenyu Zhang, Yanjie Lv, Zongyan Guo, Dongping Guo, Jiliang Chang, Junyu Wu, Lin Peng, Jianfei Wang, Ting Zhang, Qijun Mao, Hongjun Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin300071 China Tianjin Youmei Environment Technology Ltd. Tianjin300300 China

Brake emission s from vehicles are increasing as the number of vehicles ***, current research on brake emissions, particularly the intensity and characteristics of emissions under real road conditions ,is significantly inadequate compared to exhaust emissions. To this end, a dataset of 600 brake pad segments was constructed and a mapping function between the average brake emission intensity of PM 2.5 from the segments and the segment features was established by five algorithms (multiple linear regression (MLR) and four machine learning algorithms).Based on the five algorithms, the importance of the different features of the fragments was discussed and brake energy intensity (BEI) and brake pad metal content ( MC ) were identified as the most significant factors affecting brake emissions and used as the final modeling *** the five algorithms, categorical boosting (CatBoost) had the best prediction performance, with a mean R 2 and RMSE of 0.83 and 0.039 respectively for the tenfold *** addition, the CatBoost-based model was further compared with the MOVES model to demonstrate its *** CatBoost-based model has better prediction performance than the MOVES *** MOVES model overpredicts brake fragment emissions for urban roads and underpredicts brake fragment emissions for motorways. Furthermore, the CatBoost-based model was interpreted and visualized by an individual conditional expectation (ICE) plot to break the machine learning black box, with BEI and MC showing nonlinear monotonic increasing relationships with braking *** plot also provides viable technical solutions for controlling brake emissions in the future. Both avoiding aggressive braking driving behavior (e.g., the application of smart transportation technologies) and using brake pads with less metal content (e.g., using ceramic brake pads) can effectively reduce brake *** construction of a machine learning-based brake emission mod

关键词： Brakes

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