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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2018年第1期19卷 21-33页

作者： Cheng-hang ZHENG Chikao KANAOKA State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization State Environmental Protection Center for Coal-fired Air Pollution Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1161 Japan

目的:分析当前最新的针对烟气中颗粒物的高效脱除技术,包括静电除尘和袋式除尘的提效方法、原理以及所能达到的效果等;对研究现状进行评述和对未来发展做出展望,并介绍袋式除尘的相关ISO标准。创新点:1.总结了各参数对静电除尘器(包括... 详细信息

目的:分析当前最新的针对烟气中颗粒物的高效脱除技术,包括静电除尘和袋式除尘的提效方法、原理以及所能达到的效果等;对研究现状进行评述和对未来发展做出展望,并介绍袋式除尘的相关ISO标准。创新点:1.总结了各参数对静电除尘器(包括低低温静电除尘、高温静电除尘和湿式静电除尘等)除尘效率的影响;2.分析比较了不同结构形式的滤袋并总结了适应更高过滤要求的新型过滤材料。方法:1.通过数据分析,比较不同粒径、比电阻和温度对静电除尘器除尘效率的影响,并提出相关改进措施;2.比较不同形式滤袋的收尘特点,结合ISO标准和当前工业需求,对袋式除尘进行展望。结论:1.为保证除尘效率,对于不同特性的粉尘,可采取不同形式的静电除尘器增效技术;2.为满足更高的过滤要求,在袋式除尘器方面,急需开发新型过滤材料和优化清灰技术,以适应更高的温度和满足更高的清灰要求。

关键词：除尘静电除尘器滤袋 ISO标准

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Ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2017年第3期29卷 224-237页

作者： WenJing Wu Bin Zhao Shuxiao Wang Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality Tsinghua UniversityBeijin9 100084China Joint Institute for Earth System Science and Engineering Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA.

Volatile organic compounds （VOCs） are major precursors for ozone and secondary organic aerosol （SOA）, both of which greatly harm human health and significantly affect the Earth＇s climate. We simultaneously estimated ozone and SOA formation from anthropogenic VOCs emissions in China by employing photochemical ozone creation potential （POCP） values and SOA yields. We gave special attention to large molecular species and adopted the SOA yield curves from latest smog chamber experiments. The estimation shows that alkylbenzenes are greatest contributors to both ozone and SOA formation （36.0% and 51.6%, respectively）, while toluene and xylenes are largest contributing individual VOCs. Industry solvent use, industry process and domestic combustion are three sectors with the largest contributions to both ozone （24.7%, 23.0% and 17.8%, respectively） and SOA （22.9%, 34.6% and 19.6%, respectively） formation. In terms of the formation potential per unit VOCs emission, ozone is sensitive to open biomass burning, transportation, and domestic solvent use, and SOA is sensitive to industry process, domestic solvent use, and domestic combustion. Biomass stoves, paint application in industrial protection and buildings, adhesives application are key individual sources to ozone and SOA formation, whether measured by total contribution or contribution per unit VOCs emission. The results imply that current VOCs control policies should be extended to cover most important industrial sources, and the control measures for biomass stoves should be tightened. Finally, discrepant VOCs control policies should be implemented in different regions based on their ozone/aerosol concentration levels and dominant emission sources for ozone and SOA formation potential.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds （VOCs）OzoneSecondary organic aerosol （SOA）Formation potentialcontrol strategy

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City-specific vehicle emission control strategies to achieve stringent emission reduction targets in China's Yangtze River Delta region

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2017年第1期29卷 75-87页

作者： Shaojun Zhang Ye Wu Bin Zhao Xiaomeng Wu Jiawei Shu Jiming Hao University of Michigan Department of Mechanical EngineeringAnn ArborMI 48109USA Tsinghua University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlSchool of EnuironmentBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90095USA

The Yangtze River Delta（YRD） region is one of the most prosperous and densely populated regions in China and is facing tremendous pressure to mitigate vehicle emissions and improve air *** assessment has revealed that mitigating vehicle emissions of NOx would be more difficult than reducing the emissions of other major vehicular pollutants（e.g.,CO,HC and PM_（2.5）） in the YRD *** in Shanghai,where the emission control implemented are more stringent than in Jiangsu and Zhejiang,we observed little to no reduction in NOx emissions from 2000 to ***-reduction targets for HC,NOx and PM_（2.5） are determined using a response surface modeling tool for better air *** design city-specific emission control strategies for three vehicle-populated cities in the YRD region：Shanghai and Nanjing and Wuxi in *** results indicate that even if stringent emission control consisting of the Euro 6/VI standards,the limitation of vehicle population and usage,and the scrappage of older vehicles is applied,Nanjing and Wuxi will not be able to meet the NOx emissions target by ***,additional control measures are proposed for Nanjing and Wuxi to further mitigate NOx emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles.

关键词： Vehicle Emission control Scenario Yangtze River Delta

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Size-resolved carbonaceous components and water-soluble ions measurements of ambient aerosol in Beijing

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2017年第4期29卷 298-313页

作者： Pusheng Zhao Yina Chen Jie Su Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Environmental Meteorology Forecasting Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University

A MOUDI-120 sampler was used in Beijing to collect multi-stage samples in the summer and winter of 2013 to 2015. Thirty-three sample sets were collected during the daytime,nighttime, and different pollution levels. The actual relative humidity in the impactors was calculated for the first time. The carbonaceous components（organic and elemental carbon,OC and EC, respectively） and water-soluble inorganic ions（Na~＋, NH4~＋, K~＋, Mg^（2＋）, Ca^（2＋）, Cl^-, NO3^-,and SO4^（2-）） were analyzed in each sample. The characteristics of the mass concentration distribution and charge balance were discussed. On the basis of relative humidity in the impactors, aerosols less than 1.0 μm were sampled under relatively dry conditions in most cases. The concentration levels for the chemical species were higher in the winter than in the summer. Three modes（condensation mode, droplet mode, and coarse mode） could be identified from the distributions of NH4~＋, NO3^-, SO4^（2-）, Cl^-, K~＋, OC and EC. The distribution characteristics for the pollution dissipation process were different from the pollution accumulation process. NO3^-and NO2^-contributed most of the negative electric charges in the stage below 0.1 μm. In the condensation mode, the cations were dominated by NH4~＋, which was sufficient to balance the anions. In the droplet mode of the heavily polluted samples,the ammonium was not sufficient to balance the anions. In the coarse mode, the positive electric charges were primarily composed of metal cations. The analyzed anions were not sufficient to neutralize the measured cations.

关键词： Size-resolved Carbonaceous Ion Aerosol

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Corrigendum to "Compositions, sources, and potential health risks of volatile organic compounds in the heavily polluted rural North China Plain during the heating season" [Sci. Total Environ. 789 (2021) 147956 10.1016/***.2021.147956]

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The Science of the total environment 2021年 792卷 149284页

作者： Guangzhao Xie Hui Chen Fei Zhang Xiaona Shang Bixin Zhan Limin Zeng Yujing Mu Abdelwahid Mellouki Xu Tang Jianmin Chen Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China. Electronic address: hui_chen@***. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai 200233 China. School of Environmental Science & Engineering Peking University Beijing 100071 China. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China. Institut de Combustion Aerothermique Reactivite et Environnement CNRS 45071 Orleans cedex 02 France. IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China. IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China. Electronic address: jmchen@***.

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Size distribution,directional source contributions and pollution status of PM from Chengdu,China during a long-term sampling campaign

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2017年第6期29卷 1-11页

作者： Guo-Liang Shi Ying-Ze Tian Tong Ma Dan-Lin Song Lai-Dong Zhou Bo Han Yin-Chang Feng Armistead G.Russell State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Chengdu Research Academy of Environmental Protection Sciences Chengdu 610000China Tianjin Key Laboratory for Air Traffize Operation Planning and Safety Technology Civil Aviation University of ChinaTianjin 300300China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaC-A 30332-0512USA

Long-term and synchronous monitoring of PMIo and PM2.s was conducted in Chengdu in China from 2007 to 2013. The levels, variations, compositions and size distributions were investigated. The sources were quantified by two-way and three-way receptor models （PMF2, ME2-2way and ME2-3way）, Consistent results were found： the primary source categories contributed 63.4% （PMF2）, 64.8% （ME2-2way） and 66.8% （ME2-Bway） to PMIo, and contributed 60.9% （PMF2）, 65.5% （ME2-2way） and 61.0% （ME2-3way） to PM2.s. Secondary sources contributed 31.8% （PMF2）, 32.9% （ME2-2way） and 31.7% （ME2-3way） to PMIo, and 35.0% （PMF2）, 33.8% （ME2-2way） and 36.0% （ME2-3way） to PM2.s. The size distribution of source categories was estimated better by the ME2-3way method. The three-way model can simultaneously consider chemical species, temporal variability and PM sizes, while a two-way model independently computes datasets of different sizes. A method called source directional apportionment （SDA） was employed to quantify the contributions from various directions for each source category. Crustal dust from east-north-east （ENE） contributed the highest to both PM^o （12.7%） and PMzs （9.7%） in Chengdu, followed by the crustal dust from south-east （SE） for PMao （9.8%） and secondary nitrate ＆ secondary organic carbon from ENE for PMzs （9.6%）. Source contributions from different directions are associated with meteorological conditions, source locations and emission patterns during the sampling period. These findings and methods provide useful tools to better understand PM pollution status and tn dovolon offoctive nolhltion control gtrateMeg.

关键词： PM10 PM2.5 PMF2 ME2-3way Size distribution Source directional apportionment

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Particulate matter pollution in Kunshan High-Tech zone： Source apportionment with trace elements, plume evolution and its monitoring

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第9期30卷 119-126页

作者： Suwei Zhang Qijie Zhang Armand Albergel Didier Buty Liangmin Yu Haiting Wang Wuxia Bi Peng Cheng Fu Chen Jun Fang Ruirui Hou Xudong Luan Changgan Shu Jingjing Su Jiangsu Skyray Instrument Co. Ltd. Kunshan 215300 China ARIA Technologies SA Boulogne-Billancourt 92100 France Kunshan Environment Monitoring Station Kunshan 215300 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300000 China Center for Urban Transport Emission Research College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300000 China Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Douai Douai France Kinton Environmental Technology Co. Ltd. Nanjing 210000 China Chengdu University of Information Science and Technology Chengdu 610000 China Hohai Uniuersity Nanjing 210000 China

Particulate matter （PM} in the Kunshan High-Tech zone is studied during a three-month campaign. PM and trace elements are measured by the online pollution monitoring, forecast-warning and source term retrieval system AS3. Hourly measured concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and 16 trace elements in the PM2.5 section （Ca, Pb, Cu, C1, V, Cr, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Sr, Ba） are focused. Source apportionment of trace elements by Positive Matrix Factorization modeling indicates that there are five major sources, including dust, industrial processing, traffic, combustion, and sea salt with contribution rate of 23.68%, 21.66%, 14.30%, 22.03%, and 6.89%, respectively. Prediction ofptume dispersion from concrete plant and traffic emissions shows that PM20 pollution of concrete plant is three orders of magnitude more than that of the traffic. The influence range can extend to more than 3 km in 1 hr. Because the footprint of the industrial plumes is constantly moving according to the local meteorological conditions, the fixed monitoring sites scattered in a few hundred meters haven＇t captured the heaviest pollution plume at the local scale of a few km2. As a more intensive monitoring network is not operationally possible, the use of online modeling gives accurate and quantitative information of plume location, which increases the spatial pollution monitoring capacity and improves the understanding of measurement data. These results indicate that the development of the AS3 system, which combines monitoring equipment and air pollution modeling systems, is beneficial to the real-time pollution monitoring in the industrial zone.

关键词： Particulate matter pollution Trace elements Online pollution monitoring in a industrial zone Source apportionment Plume evolution

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Mercury mass flow in iron and steel production process and its implications for mercury emission control

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2016年第5期28卷 293-301页

作者： Fengyang Wang Shuxiao Wang Lei Zhang Hai Yang Wei Gao Qingru Wu Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084 China

The iron and steel production process is one of the predominant anthropogenic sources of atmospheric mercury emissions worldwide. In this study, field tests were conducted to study mercury emission characteristics and mass flows at two iron and steel plants in China. It was found that low-sulfur flue gas from sintering machines could contribute up to41% of the total atmospheric mercury emissions, and desulfurization devices could remarkably help reduce the emissions. Coal gas burning accounted for 17%–49% of the total mercury emissions, and therefore the mercury control of coal gas burning, specifically for the power plant burning coal gas to generate electricity, was significantly important. The emissions from limestone and dolomite production and electric furnaces can contribute29.3% and 4.2% of the total mercury emissions from iron and steel production. More attention should be paid to mercury emissions from these two processes. Blast furnace dust accounted for 27%–36% of the total mercury output for the whole iron and steel production process. The recycling of blast furnace dust could greatly increase the atmospheric mercury emissions and should not be conducted. The mercury emission factors for the coke oven,sintering machine and blast furnace were 0.039–0.047 g Hg/ton steel, and for the electric furnace it was 0.021 g Hg/ton steel. The predominant emission species was oxidized mercury, accounting for 59%–73% of total mercury emissions to air.

关键词： Iron and steel plant Mercury Emission characteristics Mass flow Emission control

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A spectrometer for measuring particle size distributions in the range of 3 nm to 10 μm

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第1期10卷 63-72页

作者： Jieqiong LIU Jingkun JIANG Qiang ZHANG Jianguo DENG Jiming HAO State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084 China

A spectrometer combining electrical mobility sizing and aerodynamic sizing was developed to measure aerosol size distributions in the range of 3 nm to 10 μm. It includes three instruments which cover different size ranges （a nano scanning mobility particle sizer （NSMPS, 3 - 60 nm）, a regular scanning mobility particle sizer （RSMPS, 40 - 700nm）, and an aerodynamic particle sizer （APS, 550nm- 10 μm））. High voltage and sheath flow of the NSMPS and RSMPS were supplied using two home-built control boxes. A LabVIEW program was developed for spectrometer automatic operation. A linear inversion method was applied to correct particle multiple charging effects and to integrate data from the three instruments into a wide-range size distribution. Experi- ments were conducted to compare distributions in the overlap size ranges measured by three instruments. Good agreement between the NSMPS and RSMPS was achieved after correcting for the difference in counting efficiencies of the two particle counters. Aerodynamic size distribu- tions reported by the APS were converted to mobility size distributions by applying an effective density method. Distributions measured by the RSMPS and APS were consistent in the overlap size range of 550 - 700 nm. A full spectrum in the size range of 3nm to 10~tm was demonstrated by measuring aerosol generated using a mixture of different sized polystyrene latex spheres.

关键词： spectrometer particle size distribution elec-trical mobility aerodynamic diameter linear inversion

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Spatial and temporal variation of haze in China from 1961 to 2012

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2016年第8期28卷 134-146页

作者： Rui Han Shuxiao Wang Wenhai Shen Jiandong Wang Kang Wu Zhihua Ren Mingnong Feng National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological Administration State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua University

The purpose of this study is to analyze the climatic characteristics and long-term spatial and temporal variations of haze occurrence in China. The impact factors of haze trends are also discussed. Meteorological data from 1961 to 2012 and daily PM10 concentrations from2003 to 2012 were employed in this study. The results indicate that the annual-average hazy days at all stations have been increasing rapidly from 4 days in 1961 to 18 days in 2012. The maximum number of haze days occur in winter（41.1%） while the minimum occur in summer（10.4%）. During 1961-2012, the high occurrence areas of haze shifted from central to south and east regions of China. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei（Jing-Jin-Ji） region, Shanxi,Shaanxi, and Henan Province are the high occurrence areas for haze, while the Yangtze River Delta（YRD） and the Pearl River Delta（PRD） have become regions with high haze occurrences in the last 25 years. Temperature and pressure are positively correlated with the number of haze days. However, wind, relative humidity, precipitation, and sunshine duration are negatively correlated with the number of haze days. The key meteorological factors affecting the formation and dissipation of haze vary for high and low altitudes, and are closely related to anthropogenic activities. In recent years, anthropogenic activities have played a more important role in haze occurrences compared with meteorological factors.

关键词： China Haze Spatial distribution Interannual trend Meteorological factors Anthropogenic activities

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