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Using geoaccumulation index to study source profiles of soil dust in China

Journal of environmental Sciences 2008年第5期20卷 571-578页

作者： JI Yaqin FENG Yinchang WU Jianhui ZHU Tan BAI Zhipeng DUAN Chiqing State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China.

Source apportionment studies of TSP （atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 100 μm） and PM10 （atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 μm） have revealed that soil dust is an important source of these particulates in China. In this study, the contamination of soil dust was assessed through the use of a geoaccumulation index （Igeo）. The mass concentration profiles of 17 elements （Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Ba, and Pb） were established for urban soil dusts. Geochemical compositions of soils from 15 cities were used to represent background urban soil compositions. The results of this study indicated that a number of cities are severely polluted by particulates containing Ca, Cr, Ni, and Cu in both size fractions （TSP and PM10）. Contamination with Zn, Pb, Co, and Br was moderate to severe （Igeo 〉 2）. The Al and Fe concentrations were not high enough for them to be considered contaminants.

关键词： geoaccumulation index soil dust source apportionment TSP PM10

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Size distribution and chemical characteristics of particles from crop residue open burning in North China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2021年第11期33卷 66-76页

作者： Tingkun Li Qili Dai Xiaohui Bi Jianhui Wu Yufen Zhang Yinchang Feng State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350China.

Crop residue open burning is an important emission source of ambient particles in *** study analyzed the particle emission characteristics of crop residue open burning through combustion experiments with a novel open combustion simulation device using three typical crop straws in north China(corn,wheat,and rice).Particle samples size ranging from 0.006–9.890μm were collected by an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor plus,a high size-resolution instrument capable of dividing particles into 14 size *** size distributions of organic carbon(OC),elemental carbon(EC),water-soluble ions,and elements were analyzed,and source chemical profiles were constructed for PM0.1,PM1,PM2.5,and *** number concentration of particles was concentrated in the Aiken nuclei mode(0.006–0.054μm),accounting for 75%of the total number,whereas the mass concentration was concentrated in the accumulation mode(0.054–0.949μm),accounting for 85.43%of the mass ***,EC,Cl−,and K(include total K and water-soluble K)were the major chemical components of the particles,whose mass percentage distributions differed from those of other *** fivemain components exhibited a bell-shaped size distribution in the 0.006–9.890μm range,whereas the other components exhibited a U-shaped *** the chemical profiles for PM0.1–PM10,OC was the most important component at 10–30%,followed by EC at 2%–8%.The proportions of K^(+),Cl^(−),and K varied substantially in different experimental groups,ranging from 0–15%,and K+and Cl−were significantly correlated(r=0.878,α=0.000).

关键词： Crop residue Open burning Size distribution Source profile Electrical Low Pressure Impactor plus(ELPI+)

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Long-term trends in fog and boundary layer characteristics in Tianjin,China

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Particuology 2015年第3期13卷 61-68页

作者： Suqin Han Ziying Cai Yufen Zhang Jiao Wang Qing Yao Peiyan Li Xiangjin Li Tianjin Institute of Meteorological Science State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University

Long-term trends in fog episodes, vertical variations of atmospheric boundary structure, and air pollutant concentrations during two different heavy fog events in the Tianjin area were analyzed. The total amount of fog has increased since 1980 due to the stability of the boundary layer and an increase of pollutant emissions. The variation in the characteristics of the boundary layer and air pollutant concentrations were significantly different between the two fog processes （fog I and fog ll）. The onset of fog I was accompanied by a temperature inversion in the low atmosphere, and the average kinetic energy showed a clear diurnal trend and vertical variation, which increased with height. The dissipation of fog I was mainly due to turbulence. However, the atmospheric stratification was not stable in the lower layer before the onset of fog If. The diurnal and vertical changes in kinetic energy were very small, in which turbulent momentum at each measurement height tended to be zero. In the dissipation process of fogⅡ, wind speed increased significantly. Surface PM2.s concentrations decreased, but the ratio of PMzs to PM10 increased from 0.66 to 0.82 until fog I dissipated. However, the concentration of PMzs did not decrease at the early stage of fog Ⅱ, but the ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 PM2.5JPM10 decreased to 0.21 when fog Ⅱ dissipated. This study showed that there was a clear difference in the evolution of pollutant concentration for different pollutants and in different developing stages during the fog events. PM2.5 concentration accumulated faster than those of SO2 and NOx, and the PM2.5 cumulative rate was greater in the mid-term of the fog process.

关键词： TianjinFogLong-term trendBoundary layer structureParticulate matterair pollutant

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Mercury records from natural archives reveal ecosystem responses to changing atmospheric deposition

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National Science Review 2024年第12期11卷 213-225页

作者： Qinqin Chen Qingru Wu Yuying Cui Shuxiao Wang School of Environment Tsinghua University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex

Global ecosystems face mercury contamination, yet long-term data are scarce, hindering understanding of ecosystem responses to atmospheric Hg input changes. To bridge the data gap and assess ecosystem responses, we compiled and compared a mercury accumulation database from peat, lake, ice and marine deposits worldwide with atmospheric mercury deposition modelled by GEOS-Chem, focusing on trends,magnitudes, spatial–temporal distributions and impact factors. The mercury fluxes in all four deposits showed a 5-to 9-fold increase over 1700–2012, with lake and peat mercury fluxes that generally mirrored atmospheric deposition trends. Significant decreases in lake and peat mercury fluxes post-1950 in Europe evidenced effective environmental policies, whereas rises in East Asia, Africa and Oceania highlighted coal-use impacts, inter alia. Conversely, mercury fluxes in marine and high-altitude ecosystems did not align well with atmospheric deposition, emphasizing natural influences over anthropogenic impacts. Our study underscores the importance of these key regions and ecosystems for future mercury management.

关键词： mercury pollution natural archive GEOS-Chem ecosystem recovery policy evaluation

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Real-Time Black Carbon Emissions from Light-Duty Passenger Vehicles Using a Portable Emissions Measurement System

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Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 73-81页

作者： Xuan Zheng Liqiang He Xiaoyi He Shaojun Zhang Yihuan Cao Jiming Hao Ye Wu College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Center for Sustainable Systems School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109-1041USA State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

Black carbon(BC)is considered the second largest anthropogenic climate forcer,but the radiative effects of BC are highly correlated with its combustion ***-road vehicles are an important source of anthropogenic ***,there are major uncertainties in the estimates of the BC emissions from on-road light-duty passenger vehicles(LDPVs),and results obtained with the portable emissions measurement system(PEMS)method are particularly *** developed a PEMS platform and evaluated the on-road BC emissions from ten in-use *** demonstrated that the BC emission factors(EFs)of gasoline direction injection(GDI)engine vehicles range from 1.10 to 1.56 ***^(-1),which are higher than the EFs of port fuel injection(PFI)engine vehicles(0.10–0.17 ***^(-1))by a factor of *** BC emissions during the cold-start phase contributed 2%–33%to the total emissions.A strong correlation(R^(2)=0.70)was observed between the relative BC EFs and average vehicle speed,indicating that traffic congestion alleviation could effectively mitigate BC ***,BC and particle number(PN)emissions were linearly correlated(R^(2)=0.90),and compared to PFI engine vehicles,the instantaneous PN-to-BC emission rates of GDI engine vehicles were less sensitive to vehicle specific power-to-velocity(VSPV)increase in all speed ranges.

关键词： Black carbon Light-duty gasoline vehicles Portable emissions measurement system Real-time emissions

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Development of database of real-world diesel vehicle emission factors for China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2015年第5期27卷 209-220页

作者： Xianbao Shen Zhiliang Yao Qiang Zhang David Vance Wagner Hong Huo Yingzhi Zhang Bo Zheng Kebin He State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University School of Food and Chemical Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua University International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) Institute of Energy Environment and Economy Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Tsinghua University

A database of real-world diesel vehicle emission factors, based on type and technology, has been developed following tests on more than 300 diesel vehicles in China using a portable emission measurement system. The database provides better understanding of diesel vehicle emissions under actual driving conditions. We found that although new regulations have reduced real-world emission levels of diesel trucks and buses significantly for most pollutants in China, NOx emissions have been inadequately controlled by the current standards, especially for diesel buses, because of bad driving conditions in the real world. We also compared the emission factors in the database with those calculated by emission factor models and used in inventory studies. The emission factors derived from COPERT（Computer Programmer to calculate Emissions from Road Transport） and MOBILE may both underestimate real emission factors, whereas the updated COPERT and PART5（Highway Vehicle Particulate Emission Modeling Software） models may overestimate emission factors in China. Real-world measurement results and emission factors used in recent emission inventory studies are inconsistent,which has led to inaccurate estimates of emissions from diesel trucks and buses over recent years. This suggests that emission factors derived from European or US-based models will not truly represent real-world emissions in China. Therefore, it is useful and necessary to conduct systematic real-world measurements of vehicle emissions in China in order to obtain the optimum inputs for emission inventory models.

关键词： Diesel vehicle Emission factor Portable emission measurement system Database China

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Origins of black carbon from anthropogenic emissions and open biomass burning transported to Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 277-289页

作者： Xuyan Liu SiwenWang Qianqian Zhang Chunlai Jiang Linlin Liang Shihao Tang Xingying Zhang Xiuzhen Han Lin Zhu National Satellite Meteorological Center Beijing 100081China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Department of Multiphase Chemistry Max Planck Institute for ChemistryMainz 55128Germany Research Center for Total Pollution Load Control and Emission Trading Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing 100012China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Black carbon(BC) has importance regarding aerosol composition, radiative balance, and human exposure. This study adopted a backward-trajectory approach to quantify the origins of BC from anthropogenic emissions(BCAn) and open biomass burning(BCBB) transported to Xishuangbanna in 2017. Haze months, between haze and clean months, and clean months in Xishuangbanna were defined according to daily PM_(2.5)concentrations of >75, 35–75, and<35 μg/m^(3), respectively. Results showed that the transport efficiency density(TED) of BC transported to Xishuangbanna was controlled by the prevailing winds in different *** yearly contributions to the effective emission intensity of BCAnand BCBBtransported to Xishuangbanna were 52% and 48%, respectively. However, when haze occurred in Xishuangbanna, the average BCAnand BCBBcontributions were 23% and 77%, respectively. This suggests that open biomass burning(BB) becomes the dominant source in haze months. Myanmar, India, and Laos were the dominant source regions of BC transported to Xishuangbanna during haze months, accounting for 59%, 18%, and 13% of the total, respectively. Furthermore, India was identified as the most important source regions of BCAntransported to Xishuangbanna in haze months, accounting for 14%. The two countries making the greatest contributions to BCBBtransported to Xishuangbanna were Myanmar and Laos in haze months, accounting for 55% and 13%, respectively. BC emissions from Xishuangbanna had minimal effects on the results of the present study. It is suggested that open BB in Myanmar and Laos, and anthropogenic emissions in India were responsible for poor air quality in Xishuangbanna.

关键词： Black carbon Xishuangbanna Effective emission intensity Anthropogenic emissions Open biomass burning

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Ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2017年第3期29卷 224-237页

作者： WenJing Wu Bin Zhao Shuxiao Wang Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality Tsinghua UniversityBeijin9 100084China Joint Institute for Earth System Science and Engineering Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA.

Volatile organic compounds （VOCs） are major precursors for ozone and secondary organic aerosol （SOA）, both of which greatly harm human health and significantly affect the Earth＇s climate. We simultaneously estimated ozone and SOA formation from anthropogenic VOCs emissions in China by employing photochemical ozone creation potential （POCP） values and SOA yields. We gave special attention to large molecular species and adopted the SOA yield curves from latest smog chamber experiments. The estimation shows that alkylbenzenes are greatest contributors to both ozone and SOA formation （36.0% and 51.6%, respectively）, while toluene and xylenes are largest contributing individual VOCs. Industry solvent use, industry process and domestic combustion are three sectors with the largest contributions to both ozone （24.7%, 23.0% and 17.8%, respectively） and SOA （22.9%, 34.6% and 19.6%, respectively） formation. In terms of the formation potential per unit VOCs emission, ozone is sensitive to open biomass burning, transportation, and domestic solvent use, and SOA is sensitive to industry process, domestic solvent use, and domestic combustion. Biomass stoves, paint application in industrial protection and buildings, adhesives application are key individual sources to ozone and SOA formation, whether measured by total contribution or contribution per unit VOCs emission. The results imply that current VOCs control policies should be extended to cover most important industrial sources, and the control measures for biomass stoves should be tightened. Finally, discrepant VOCs control policies should be implemented in different regions based on their ozone/aerosol concentration levels and dominant emission sources for ozone and SOA formation potential.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)OzoneSecondary organic aerosol (SOA)Formation potentialcontrol strategy

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食品系统与气候变化、空气污染之间的相互作用综述（英文）

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Engineering 2025年第1期 215-233页

作者： Chaopeng Hong Rui Zhong Mengyao Xu Peidong He Huibin Mo Yue Qin Danna Shi Xinlei Chen Kebin He Qiang Zhang Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration Institute of Environment and Ecology Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Institute of Data and Information Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University

Food systems are deeply affected by climate change and air pollution, while being key contributors to these environmental challenges. Understanding the complex interactions among food systems, climate change, and air pollution is crucial for mitigating climate change, improving air quality, and promoting the sustainable development of food systems. However, the literature lacks a comprehensive review of these interactions, particularly in the current phase of rapid development in the field. To address this gap, this study systematically reviews recent research on the impacts of climate change and air pollution on food systems, as well as the greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions from agri-food systems and their contribution to global climate change and air pollution. In addition, this study summarizes various strategies for mitigation and adaptation, including adjustments in agricultural practices and food supply chains. Profound changes in food systems are urgently needed to enhance adaptability and reduce emissions. This review offers a critical overview of current research on the interactions among food systems, climate change, and air pollution and highlights future research directions to support the transition to sustainable food systems.

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Degradation of chlorobenzene by non-thermal plasma coupled with catalyst:influence of catalyst,interaction between plasma and catalyst

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Plasma Science and Technology 2023年第5期25卷 170-183页

作者：石秀娟梁文俊尹国彬刘佳 Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124People’s Republic of China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control Tianjin Academy of Ecoenvironmental SciencesTianjin 300191People’s Republic of China

Non-thermal plasma(NTP)is considered to be a promising technology for the removal of volatile organic compounds;however,its application is limited by low CO_(2) selectivity and undesirable *** overcome these issues,this paper discusses the degradation of chlorobenzene(CB)in systems of NTP coupled with catalysts,and the influence of catalyst locations in the NTP was *** addition,the interaction between plasma and catalyst was also *** results indicated that the degradability of CB was remarkably improved through the combination of NTP with catalysts,and the formation of ozone was effectively *** degradation efficiency increased from 33.9%to 79.6%at 14 kV in the NTPcatalytic system,while the ozone concentration decreased from 437 to 237 mg m^(-3),and the degradation efficiency of in plasma catalysis(IPC)systems was superior to that of the post plasma catalysis system,while the inhibition ability of ozone exhibited an opposing *** the IPC system,the degradation efficiency was 87.7%at 14 k V,while the ozone concentration was151 mg m^(-3).Besides,the plasma did not destroy the pore structure and crystal structure of the catalyst,but affected the surface morphology and redox performance of the ***,NTP coupled catalytic system could improve the degradation performance of ***,the plasma discharge characteristics played a major role in the NTP synergistic catalytic degradation of ***,based on the experiment analysis results,the general reaction mechanism of CB degradation in an IPC reaction system was proposed.

关键词： non-thermal plasma chlorobenzene catalysts ozone decomposition mechanism

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