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emission control status and future perspectives of diesel trucks in China

Journal of environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 702-713页

作者： Shihai Zhang Mingliang Fu Hefeng Zhang Hang Yin Yan Ding State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Vehicle Emission Control Center Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

Chinese diesel trucks are the main contributors to NOx and particulate matter(PM)vehicle *** increase in diesel trucks could aggravate air pollution and damage human *** Chinese government has recently implemented a series of emission control technologies andmeasures for air quality *** paper summarizes recent control technologies and measures for diesel truck emissions in China and introduces the comprehensive application of control technologies and measures in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding *** onlinemonitoring technology has been adopted according to the China VI standard for heavy-duty diesel trucks,and control measures such as transportation structure adjustment and heavy pollution enterprise classification control continue to support the battle action plan for pollution *** and suggestions are provided for promoting pollution control and supervision of diesel truck emissions:adhere to the concept of overall management and control,vigorously promote the application of systematic and technological means in emission monitoring,continuously facilitate cargo transportation structure adjustment and promote new energy freight *** paper aims to accelerate the implementation of control technologies and measures throughout *** is endeavouring to control diesel truck exhaust *** is willing to cooperate with the world to protect the global ecological environment.

关键词： Air quality Diesel truck emissions emission control technology control measures

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Forest Mercury Deposition Observation in Chongqing: Evaluating Effectiveness of Mercury Pollution control over the Past Decade in Southwestern China

ACS ES&T Air

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ACS ES&T Air 2025年第2期2卷 286-294页

作者： Ziyi Zhan Dongwei Lv Huang Zhou Qingru Wu Yuying Cui Lei Duan State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing China School of the Environment Nanjing University 210023 Nanjing China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing China；State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing China

As the largest Hg reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems, forests provide valuable insights into atmospheric Hg levels through observations of mercury deposition. In this study, we conducted a one-year observation of Hg deposition, by both throughfall and litterfall, in a forest located in Chongqing, an industrial hub in southwestern China, in 2021. We compared the results with observations made at the same sampling site in 2010–2011. The results showed that there were significant decreases in both Hg concentrations (from 115 μg·kg–1to 80.2 μg·kg–1for litterfall and from 68.4 ng·L–1to 4.01 ± 2.09 ng·L–1for throughfall) and Hg deposition fluxes (from 89.8 μg·m–2·yr–1to 19.9 μg·m–2·yr–1for total deposition, decreasing by 77.8%) in the forest from 2010 to 2021. The decrease in deposition might result from the synergistic effect of reduction in both anthropogenic (inventory-listed or nonquantitative) and re-emission sources. Over the decade since the initiation of theMinamata Convention on Mercury, atmospheric Hg levels have decreased significantly, mainly due to the co-benefits of conventional air pollutant control, indicating the effectiveness of China’s Hg pollution control policies.

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High Abundance of Atmospheric Sulfonates Derived from Light-Duty Gasoline vehicles

ACS ES&T Air

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ACS ES&T Air 2025年第4期2卷 607-614页

作者： Shuang Chen Huixia Han Lihong Ren Yisheng Xu Libin Wu Yuanguan Gao Yuanbi Yi Xinping Yang Mingliang Fu Hang Yin Yan Ding Pingqing Fu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China；School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Particulate matter (PM) emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGV) pose a threat to both air quality and human health. However, the molecular compositions and chemical properties of these complex mixtures are poorly understood. In this study, we performed a detailed characterization of exhaust PM from LDGV at various speed phases at the molecular level by employing ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. We found that with increasing speed, the number of organic compounds increased significantly, especially organic nitrogen-containing and sulfur-containing compounds. Moreover, the increase of speed leads to high temperature and high pressure in the cylinder, which in turn leads to a series of thermal cracking–polymerization–cyclization reactions, resulting in new particulate matter with more aromatic structures. In addition, considerable intermediate volatility organic compounds and semivolatile organic compounds were identified in the exhaust PM. Notably, we observed the presence of sulfonates in tailpipe particulate matter during low- or high-speed phases, which highlights a previously negligible source of organic sulfonates in the atmosphere.

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Recent advances and perspectives towards emission inventories of mobile sources:Compilation approaches,data acquisition methods,and case studies

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 460-475页

作者： Han Jiang Hefeng Zhang Mingliang Fu Zhihui Huang Hong Ni Hang Yin Yan Ding State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Vehicle Emission Control Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

In recent years,great efforts have been devoted to reducing emissions from mobile sources with the dramatic growth of motor vehicle and nonroad mobile source *** of a mobile source emission inventory is conducive to the analysis of pollution emission characteristics and the formulation of emission reduction *** study summarizes the latest compilation approaches and data acquisition methods for mobile source emission *** motor vehicles,a high-resolution emission inventory can be developed based on a bottom-up approach with a refined traffic flow model and real-world speed-coupled emission *** top-down approach has advantages when dealing with macroscale vehicle emission estimation without substantial traffic flow *** nonroad mobile sources,nonroad machinery,inland river ships,locomotives,and civil aviation aircraft,a top-down approach based on fuel consumption or power is *** ocean-going ships,a bottom-up approach based on automatic identification system(AIS)data is *** typical cases are studied,including emission reduction potential,a cost-benefit model,and marine shipping emission *** and suggestions are given on future research directions for emission inventories for mobile sources:building localized emission models and factor databases,improving the dynamic updating capability of emission inventories,establishing a database of emission factors of unconventional pollutants and greenhouse gas from mobile sources,and establishing an urban high temporalspatial resolution volatile organic compound(VOC)evaporation emission inventory.

关键词： emission inventory Mobile source emission factor emission control policy

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Passenger cars' zero emission require clean power supply: provincial evidence from NEVs’ indirect emission through 2035

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Journal of Cleaner Production 2025年 507卷

作者： Shi, Xurong Yang, Wenyi Xue, Wenbo Zhang, Zhe Wen, Jie Liu, Xin Yi, Honghong Yan, Gang Cai, Bofeng Wang, Jinnan School of Civil and Resources Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Center of Environmental Pollution and Greenhouse Gases Co-control Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning Beijing100041 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning Beijing100041 China Center for Carbon Neutrality Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning Beijing100041 China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing100192 China

China's coal-dominated power structure raises concerns that indirect emissions from electricity generation may offset or even surpass direct emission reduction benefits of new energy vehicles (NEVs). Thus, conducting a life-cycle assessment of NEVs is critical to objectively evaluate these trade-offs. Here, we carried out this assessment for passenger cars, considering NEVs development and power structure transition. Our methodology combines vehicle fleet projection, power grid projection and emission calculation model. Results show that although significant NEVs benefits, by 2035, under baseline power structure, NEVs indirect emission will still account for 31–39% and 17–23% of total emission for CO2 and NOx nationwide. Moreover, it will offset 50% and 18% of use-phase CO2 and NOx reduction, while under clean power structure, these ratios will decrease to ∼32% and 14%. Notably, large discrepancies of NEVs trade-offs exist across 31 provinces. Besides, invisible emission transfer is embedded in electricity transfer: 31% and 69% of NEVs' indirect NOx emissions in Shanxi and Inner Mongolia are projected from NEVs power consumption in other provinces. Therefore, it's urgent to synergistically clean transport and energy sector. © 2025

关键词： Low emission

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Development of a Compact Mobile Fuel laboratory in China 35

Development of a Compact Mobile Fuel Laboratory in China

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第35届中国控制会议

作者： ZHANG Mi HU Jingnan BAO Xiaofeng ZHU Rencheng XIE Shuxia ZU Lei SUN Chuanyong LV Jiuzhi State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

ISBN: (纸本)9781509009107

This study discusses development of a mobile fuel laboratory in China,which integrates sulfur content detection device,vapor pressure testing device and fast simulation equipment for detergency *** compact mobile fuel lab can test detergency and sulfur content of both gasoline and diesel,and volatilization characteristic of *** research shows that taking many efficient measures to control influence factors can ensure portable devices providing reliable testing *** main influence factors such as vehicle vibration,essential resource supply,operating conditions and data quality control have been studied in this *** a three dimension dynamic model,consisted of vehicle,absorber and devices,can confirm the influence of ***,the solution of the model is used for guiding the design and selection of vibration damping *** power supply approaches,including commercial,generator and uninterruptible power supply,can provide sufficient *** split-phase circuit,voltage regulator and filter device are set up for decrease electrical signal *** and air circulation are two important elements which should be strictly controlled;thus,automotive air-conditioning system and an additionally onboard roof type air condition work alternatively to keep ambient temperature stable,and gas concentration alarm unit interlocked together with ventilation system ensures the car in a safe gas concentration *** prove that optimized equipment has good repeatability of ***,pre-treatment and pre-assessment are effective processes for blind sample analysis.

关键词： mobile fuel laboratory fuel quality sulfur content detergency Reid vapor pressure(RVP)

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Ways to assess hydrogen production via life cycle analysis

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 977卷 179355页

作者： Chen, Yang Guo, Wenshan Ngo, Huu Hao Chen, Zhuo Wei, Chunhai Bui, Xuan Thanh Van Tung, Tra Zhang, Huiying Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney SydneyNSW2007 Australia College of Life Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002 China Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Civil Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou510006 China Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh70000 Viet Nam

As global energy demand increases and reliance on fossil fuels becomes unsustainable, hydrogen presents a promising clean energy alternative due to its high energy density and potential for significant CO2 emission reductions. However, current hydrogen production methods largely depend on fossil fuels, contributing to considerable CO2 emissions and underscoring the need to transition to renewable energy sources and improved production technologies. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is essential for evaluating and optimizing hydrogen production by assessing environmental impacts such as Global Warming Potential (GWP), energy consumption, toxicity, and water usage. The key findings indicate that energy sources and feedstocks heavily influence the environmental impacts of hydrogen production. Hydrogen production from renewable energy sources, particularly wind, solar, and hydropower, demonstrates significantly lower environmental impacts than grid electricity and fossil fuel-based methods. Conversely, hydrogen production from grid electricity primarily derived from fossil fuels shows a high GWP. Furthermore, challenges related to data accuracy, economic analysis integration, and measuring mixed gases are discussed. Future research should focus on improving data accuracy, assessing the impact of technological advancements, and exploring new hydrogen production methods. Harmonizing assessment methodologies across different production pathways and standardizing functional units, such as "1 kg of hydrogen produced, " are critical for enabling transparent and consistent sustainability evaluations. Techniques such as stochastic modelling and Monte Carlo simulations can improve uncertainty management and enhance the reliability of LCA results. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Clean energy

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A review and evaluation of nonroad diesel mobile machinery emission control in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 30-40页

作者： Pengju Bie Liang Ji Huanxing Cui Gang Li Shunli Liu Ying Yuan Kebin He Huan Liu State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution ComplexSchool of EnvironmentInternational Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy InnovationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Jinan Automobile Testing Center Co Ltd.Jinan 250102China

China’s emission control for nonroad diesel mobile machinery(NDMM)must deal with a fast increase in stock as well as regulations that are two decades behind those for on-road *** study provides the first large-scale review and evaluation of China’s NDMM policies,along with emission measurements and an investigation on diesel fuel *** sulfur contents of the investigated diesel declined from 430 ppm(median value)in 2011 to6-8 ppm during the 2017-2018 *** emission control of NO_(x)and PM greatly improved with the shift from the China II to China IV standards,as demonstrated by engine tests and field NO_(x)***,the NO_(x)emission factors for non-type-approved engines were approximately twice the limits of the China II *** compliance based on bench tests was not sufficient to control actual emissions because the field-measured NO_(x)emission factors of all machinery ranged from 24%to 225%greater than the respective emission limits for the *** circumstances adversely affected the effectiveness of the regulations and policies for China’s emission control of ***,the policies on new and in-use NDMM,as well as diesel fuel quality,prevented NO_(x)and PM emissions amounting to 4.4 Tg and 297.8 Gg during the period 2008-2017,*** emission management strategy contributed to enhancing the international competitiveness of China’s NDMM industries by promoting advanced *** effective NDMM emission control in the future,portable testing and noncontact remote supervision should be strengthened;also,the issue of noncompliant diesel should be addressed through rigorous control measures and financial penalties.

关键词： Nonroad mobile machinery emission reduction emission control policy emission factor Diesel fuel quality

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Compilation of reaction kinetics parameters determined in the key Development Project for Air Pollution Formation Mechanism and control Technologies in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 327-340页

作者： Yuehui Liu Ming Zhou Keding Lu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

A compilation of new advances made in the research?eld of laboratory reaction kinetics in China’s key Development Project for Air Pollution Formation Mechanism and control Technologies was *** advances are grouped into six broad,interrelated categories,including volatile organic compound(VOC)oxidation,secondary organic aerosol(SOA)formation,new particle formation(NPF)and gas-particle partitioning,ozone chemistry,model parameters,and secondary inorganic aerosol(SIA)formation,highlighting the laboratory work done by Chinese *** smog chamber applications,the current knowledge gained from laboratory studies is reviewed,with emphasis on summarizing the oxidation mechanisms of long-chain alkanes,aromatics,alkenes,aldehydes/ketones in the atmosphere,SOA formation from anthropogenic emission sources,and oxidation of aromatics,isoprene,and limonene,as well as SIA ***?ow tube applications,atmospheric oxidation mechanisms of toluene and methacrolein,SOA formation from limonene oxidation by ozone,gas-particle partitioning of peroxides,and sulfuric acid-water(H2SO4-H2O)binary nucleation,methanesulfonic acid-water(MSA-H2O)binary nucleation,and sulfuric acid-ammonia-water(H2SO4-NH3-H2O)ternary nucleation are discussed.

关键词： Smog chamber Flow tube VOC oxidation SOA formation New particle formation Gas-particle partitioning SIA formation

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Evaluating the emission status of light-duty gasoline vehicles and motorcycles in Macao with real-world remote sensing measurement

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2240-2248页

作者： Yu Zhou Ye Wu Shaojun Zhang Lixin Fu Jiming Hao School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex

Roadside remote sensing measurement was used to explore the real-world emission status of light duty gasoline vehicles （LDGVs） and motorcycles in Macao. Both fuel-based and distance-based emission factors were derived using the mass balance method. The emission concentration profile of LDGVs illustrated the benefits of tightening emission standards at the source country or region of import. The distance-based emission factors for CO, HC and NOx of LDGVs registered before 2000 were 8.00, 1.04 and 1.36 g/km, respectively. The distance-based emission factors for CO, HC and NOx of LDGVs registered in or after 2000 were 1.16, 0.15 and 0.18 g/km, respectively. The fuel-based CO emission factors of light duty motorcycles （LDMCs） and heavy duty motorcycles （HDMCs） registered before 2000 were about 10 times higher than those of LDGVs of the same age group. As the emissions of LDGVs decreased more quickly after 2000, the gap widens for newer vehicles. The distance-based HC emission factors of LDMCs and HDMCs registered before 2000 were 4.81 and 2.91 g/km, respectively. The distance-based HC emission factors of LDMCs and HDMCs registered in or after 2000 were 3.52 and 0.93 g/km, respectively. The poor emission performance of motorcycles and their larger share in the traffic flow will cause them to be the major contributor to traffic CO and HC emissions. LDMCs, especially two-stroke models, should be the priority for vehicle emission control efforts in Macao.

关键词： emission Remote sensing Macao Motorcycle

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