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Cross-Layer security for Semantic Communications: Metrics and Optimization

IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年

作者： Wang, Lingyi Wu, Wei Zhou, Fuhui Qin, Zhijin Wu, Qihui Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications College of Science Nanjing210003 China Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications College of Communication and Information Engineering Nanjing210003 China Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing210096 China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Situation Awareness and Evaluation China Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics College of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing210000 China Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing100084 China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Space Network and Communications Beijing China

Different from traditional secure communication that focuses on symbolic protection at the physical layer, semantic secure communication requires further attention to semantic-level task performance at the application layer. There is a research gap on how to comprehensively evaluate and optimize the security performance of semantic communication. In order to fill this gap, a unified semantic security metric, the cross-layer semantic secure rate (CLSSR), is defined to estimate cross-layer security requirements at both the physical layer and the application layer. Then, we formulate the maximization problem of the CLSSR with the mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). We propose a hierarchical AI-native semantic secure communication network with a reinforcement learning (RL)-based semantic resource allocation scheme, aiming to ensure the cross-layer semantic security (CL-SS). Finally, we prove the convergence of our proposed intelligent resource allocation, and the simulation results demonstrate that our proposed CLSS method outperforms the traditional physical layer semantic security (PL-SS) method in terms of both task reliability and CLSSR. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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security Vulnerability Assessment of Power IoT based on Business security

Security Vulnerability Assessment of Power IoT based on Busi...

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2020 International Conference on Control, Robotics and Intelligent System, CCRIS 2020

作者： Fei, Jiaxuan Chen, Kai Yao, Qigui Guo, Qian Wang, Xiangqun State Grid Key Laboratory of Information and Network Security China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450388054

Power Internet of Things is the application of IoT in smart power grid. Once attacked, it will cause huge losses. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a security assessment to take defensive measures. However, the traditional vulnerability assessment methods of the power Internet of things mostly focus on the security of the system itself, without considering the impact on business economy and efficiency. This paper proposes a security vulnerability assessment method of power Internet of Things integrating business security. This method first analyzes the security risks faced by the power Internet of Things, and establishes its attack tree model. Then, each leaf node is rated from the three safety features, which are weighted by evaluation and calculation, and the activation probability of each leaf node is calculated. After that, considering the blind attack factor, the activation probability of all nodes in the model is calculated. Finally, the vulnerability of the system and the vulnerability sensitivity of each leaf node are obtained. According to the vulnerability sensitivity, measures are taken to protect the weak links of the system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments on SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) system in the power Internet of things. © 2020 ACM.

关键词： SCADA systems

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Dynamic Access Control and Authorization System based on Zero-trust architecture

Dynamic Access Control and Authorization System based on Zer...

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2020 International Conference on Control, Robotics and Intelligent System, CCRIS 2020

作者： Yao, Qigui Wang, Qi Zhang, Xiaojian Fei, Jiaxuan State Grid Key Laboratory of Information and Network Security China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450388054

With the development of cloud computing, artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies, network systems are facing more and more security risks and threats. The traditional security architecture based on border protection cannot meet the increasing security protection requirements. The zero-trust security architecture which has the characteristics of continuous identity authentication and minimized authority allocation can adapt to the security protection requirements of most current network systems. Based on the zero-trust security architecture, a dynamic access control and authorization system is proposed. User portraits and user trust are generated according to user behavior. Real-time hierarchical control in different scenarios is used in the system to achieve dynamic and fine-grained access control and authorization. © 2020 ACM.

关键词： Authentication

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Density-aware and Depth-aware Visual Representation for Zero-Shot Object Counting

Density-aware and Depth-aware Visual Representation for Zero...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Fang Nan Feng Tian Ni Zhang Nian Liu Haonan Miao Guang Dai Mengmeng Wang Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networks and Network Security Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China School of Automation Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China Computer Vision Department Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence Abu Dhabi UAE SGIT AI Lab State Grid Corporation of China Zhejiang University of Technology Hang Zhou China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

Previous methods often utilize CLIP semantic classifiers with class names for zero-shot object counting. However, they ignore crucial density and depth knowledge for counting tasks. Thus, we propose a density-aware and depth-aware prompt counting model, which captures density information via learning density-aware prompts based on density-aware contrastive loss and incorporates depth guidance with predefined depth-aware prompts. To facilitate the training process, we design two strategies for standard counting loss and the contrastive loss, where the former prioritizes larger and sparser objects initially, gradually focusing on smaller and denser objects, and the latter adopts coarse-to-fine density learning. Besides, we construct a dataset named LVIS-372 with more real-world scenarios and balanced instance distribution compared to existing ones. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

关键词： Training Visualization Semantics Focusing Signal processing Acoustics Power capacitors Speech processing Standards

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A novel quantum multiparty summation protocol based on a cooperative random number mechanism

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EPJ Quantum Technology 2025年第1期12卷 1-19页

作者： Zhang, Kejia Zhang, Yu Zhang, Xue Liu, Hongyan Song, Tingting Du, Gang School of Computer Science and Big Data (School of Cybersecurity) Heilongjiang University Harbin China State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Guizhou University Guiyang China School of Mathematical Science Heilongjiang University Harbin China Institute for Cryptology and Network Security Heilongjiang University Harbin China School of China Construction Bank University Northeastern Institute Harbin China College of Information Science and Technology Jinan University Guangzhou China

As a particular area of quantum security multiparty computation, quantum secure multiparty summation plays a critical role in modern cryptography. It is widely known that most of the existing quantum summation protocols are based on an honest or semi-honest third party (TP). However, the introduced TP makes the protocol difficult to implement in practice, as it may face a single-point-of-failure attack on TP. Although some TP-free protocols are proposed to mitigate this risk, the increased cost of communication reduces its efficiency. To address these issues, a novel quantum-secure multiparty summation protocol based on a cooperative random number distribution mechanism (QMS-CRM) is proposed in this paper for the first time. During it, this mechanism is designed using Shamir’s secret sharing scheme. Furthermore, this approach eliminates the requirement for random number exchange between participants without the help of TP, enhancing the efficiency of the protocol. The security analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol can resist both external attacks and collusion attacks by up to $n - 2$ participants. Finally, we simulated the protocol on the IBM Quantum Cloud platform, confirming its feasibility.

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An Attack Intention Recognition Method Based on Evaluation Index System of Electric Power information System 2

An Attack Intention Recognition Method Based on Evaluation I...

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2017 IEEE 2nd information Technology, networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC 2017)

作者： Xiaojuan Guan Yuanyuan Ma Ye Hua State Grid Key Laboratory of Information & Network Security Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute

ISBN: (纸本)9781509064151;9781509064144

With the increasing scale of the network, the power information system has many characteristics, such as large number of nodes, complicated structure, diverse network protocols and abundant data, which make the network intrusion detection system difficult to detect real alarms. The current security technologies cannot meet the actual power system network security operation and protection requirements. Based on the attacker ability, the vulnerability information and the existing security protection configuration, we construct the attack sub-graphs by using the parallel distributed computing method and combine them into the whole network attack graph. The vulnerability exploit degree, attacker knowledge, attack proficiency, attacker willingness and the confidence level of the attack evidence are used to construct the security evaluation index system of the power information network system to calculate the attack probability value of each node of the attack graph. According to the probability of occurrence of each node attack, the pre-order attack path will be formed and then the most likely attack path and attack targets will be got to achieve the identification of attack intent.

关键词： parallel computing attack graph vulnerability exploit attacker knowledge attack proficiency attacker willingness attack confidence

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Steganalysis and improvement of a quantum steganography protocol via a GHZ_4 state

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第6期22卷 199-202页

作者：徐淑奖陈秀波钮心忻杨义先 Information Security Center State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching TechnologyBeijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Network Shandong Computer Science Center State Key Laboratory of Information Security (Institute of Information EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences)

Quantum steganography that utilizes the quantum mechanical effect to achieve the purpose of information hiding is a popular topic of quantum information. Recently, E1 Allati et al. proposed a new quantum steganography using the GHZ4 state. Since all of the 8 groups of unitary transformations used in the secret message encoding rule change the GHZ4 state into 6 instead of 8 different quantum states when the global phase is not considered, we point out that a 2-bit instead of a 3-bit secret message can be encoded by one group of the given unitary transformations. To encode a 3-bit secret message by performing a group of unitary transformations on the GHZ4 state, we give another 8 groups of unitary transformations that can change the GHZ4 state into 8 different quantum states. Due to the symmetry of the GHZ4 state, all the possible 16 groups of unitary transformations change the GHZ4 state into 8 different quantum states, so the improved protocol achieves a high efficiency.

关键词： quantum steganography GHZ4 entangled state quantum cryptography quantum communication

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Cross-Layer security for Semantic Communications: Metrics and Optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Lingyi Wu, Wei Zhou, Fuhui Qin, Zhijin Wu, Qihui College of Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210003 China College of Communication and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210003 China National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Situation Awareness and Evaluation China College of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing210000 China Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing China The State Key Laboratory of Space Network and Communications Beijing China

Different from traditional secure communication that focuses on symbolic protection at the physical layer, semantic secure communication requires further attention to semantic-level task performance at the application layer. There is a research gap on how to comprehensively evaluate and optimize the security performance of semantic communication. In order to fill this gap, a unified semantic security metric, the cross-layer semantic secure rate (CLSSR), is defined to estimate cross-layer security requirements at both the physical layer and the application layer. Then, we formulate the maximization problem of the CLSSR with the mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). We propose a hierarchical AI-native semantic secure communication network with a reinforcement learning (RL)based semantic resource allocation scheme, aiming to ensure the cross-layer semantic security (CL-SS). Finally, we prove the convergence of our proposed intelligent resource allocation, and the simulation results demonstrate that our proposed CLSS method outperforms the traditional physical layer semantic security (PL-SS) method in terms of both task reliability and CLSSR. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mixed-integer linear programming

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High-efficiency quantum steganography based on the tensor product of Bell states

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2013年第9期56卷 1745-1754页

作者： XU ShuJiang CHEN XiuBo NIU XinXin YANG YiXian Information Security Center State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching TechnologyBeijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Network Shandong Computer Science Center State Key Laboratory of Information Security Institute of Information EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences

In this paper,we first propose a hidden rule among the secure message,the initial tensor product of two Bell states and the final tensor product when respectively applying local unitary transformations to the first particle of the two initial Bell states,and then present a high-efficiency quantum steganography protocol under the control of the hidden *** the proposed quantum steganography scheme,a hidden channel is established to transfer a secret message within any quantum secure direct communication(QSDC) scheme that is based on 2-level quantum states and unitary *** secret message hiding/unhiding process is linked with the QSDC process only by unitary *** accurately describe the capacity of a steganography scheme,a quantitative measure,named embedding efficiency,is introduced in this *** performance analysis shows that the proposed steganography scheme achieves a high efficiency as well as a good ***,it is shown that this scheme can resist all serious attacks including the intercept-resend attack,measurement-resend attack,auxiliary particle attack and even the Denial of Service *** improve the efficiency of the proposed scheme,the hidden rule is extended based on the tensor product of multiple Bell states.

关键词： quantum steganography embedding efficiency quantum secure direct communication tensor product Bell state

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A Novel Quantum Covert Channel Protocol Based on Any Quantum Secure Direct Communication Scheme

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2013年第5期59卷 547-553页

By analyzing the basic properties of unitary transformations used in a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol, we show the main idea why a covert channel can be established within any QSDC channel which employs unitary transformations to encode information. On the basis of the fact that the unitary transformations used in a QSDC protocol are secret and independent, a novel quantum covert channel protocol is proposed to transfer secret messages with unconditional security. The performance, including the imperceptibility, capacity and security of the proposed protocol are analyzed in detail.

关键词： quantum information hiding quantum covert channel quantum cryptography quantum communication

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