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arXiv 2022年

作者： Abusleme, Angel Adam, Thomas Ahmad, Shakeel Ahmed, Rizwan Aiello, Sebastiano Akram, Muhammad An, Fengpeng An, Qi Andronico, Giuseppe Anfimov, Nikolay Antonelli, Vito Antoshkina, Tatiana Asavapibhop, Burin de André, João Pedro Athayde Marcondes Auguste, Didier Balashov, Nikita Baldini, Wander Barresi, Andrea Basilico, Davide Baussan, Eric Bellato, Marco Bergnoli, Antonio Birkenfeld, Thilo Blin, Sylvie Blum, David Blyth, Simon Bolshakova, Anastasia Bongrand, Mathieu Bordereau, Clément Breton, Dominique Brigatti, Augusto Brugnera, Riccardo Bruno, Riccardo Budano, Antonio Buscemi, Mario Busto, Jose Butorov, Ilya Cabrera, Anatael Caccianiga, Barbara Cai, Hao Cai, Xiao Cai, Yanke Cai, Zhiyan Callegari, Riccardo Cammi, Antonio Campeny, Agustin Cao, Chuanya Cao, Guofu Cao, Jun Caruso, Rossella Cerna, Cédric Chang, Jinfan Chang, Yun Chen, Pingping Chen, Po-An Chen, Shaomin Chen, Xurong Chen, Yi-Wen Chen, Yixue Chen, Yu Chen, Zhang Cheng, Jie Cheng, Yaping Chetverikov, Alexey Chiesa, Davide Chimenti, Pietro Chukanov, Artem Claverie, Gérard Clementi, Catia Clerbaux, Barbara Di Lorenzo, Selma Conforti Corti, Daniele Corso, Flavio Dal Dalager, Olivia De La Taille, Christophe Deng, Zhi Deng, Ziyan Depnering, Wilfried Diaz, Marco Ding, Xuefeng Ding, Yayun Dirgantara, Bayu Dmitrievsky, Sergey Dohnal, Tadeas Dolzhikov, Dmitry Donchenko, Georgy Dong, Jianmeng Doroshkevich, Evgeny Dracos, Marcos Druillole, Frédéric Du, Ran Du, Shuxian Dusini, Stefano Dvorak, Martin Enqvist, Timo Enzmann, Heike Fabbri, Andrea Fahrendholz, Ulrike Fan, Donghua Fan, Lei Fang, Jian Fang, Wenxing Fargetta, Marco Fedoseev, Dmitry Feng, Li-Cheng Feng, Qichun Ford, Richard Fournier, Amélie Gan, Haonan Gao, Feng Garfagnini, Alberto Gavrikov, Arsenii Giammarchi, Marco Giaz, Agnese Giudice, Nunzio Gonchar, Maxim Gong, Guanghua Gong, Hui Gornushkin, Yuri Göttel, Alexandre Grassi, Marco Grewing, Christian Gromov, Vasily Gu, Minghao Gu, Xiaofei Gu, Yu Guan, Mengyun Guardone, Nunzio Gul, Maria Guo, Cong Guo, Jingyuan Guo, Wanlei Guo, Xinheng Guo, Yuhang Hackspache Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile IPHC Université de Strasbourg CNRS IN2P3 StrasbourgF-67037 France Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Islamabad Pakistan INFN Catania and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università di Catania Catania Italy East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna Russia INFN Sezione di Milano Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Milano Milano Italy Department of Physics Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay CNRS IN2P3 Orsay91405 France Department of Physics and Earth Science University of Ferrara INFN Sezione di Ferrara Ferrara Italy INFN Milano Bicocca University of Milano Bicocca Milano Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy III. Physikalisches Institut B RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Physikalisches Institut Tübingen Germany Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing China SUBATECH Université de Nantes IMT Atlantique CNRS-IN2P3 Nantes France Univ. Bordeaux CNRS LP2I UMR 5797 GradignanF-33170 France Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università di Padova INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy University of Roma Tre INFN Sezione Roma Tre Roma Italy Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France Wuhan University Wuhan China INFN Milano Bicocca Politecnico of Milano Milano Italy National United University Miao-Li Taiwan Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan China Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Institute of Physics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan North China Electric Power University Beijing China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in p → ν¯K+ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via p → ν¯K+ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of 0.2 ± 0.05(syst) ± 0.2(stat) events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is 9.6 × 1033 years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complementary using different detection technologies. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

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Author Correction: Wireless multilateral devices for optogenetic studies of individual and social behaviors

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Nature neuroscience 2022年第10期25卷 1394页

作者： Yiyuan Yang Mingzheng Wu Abraham Vázquez-Guardado Amy J Wegener Jose G Grajales-Reyes Yujun Deng Taoyi Wang Raudel Avila Justin A Moreno Samuel Minkowicz Vasin Dumrongprechachan Jungyup Lee Shuangyang Zhang Alex A Legaria Yuhang Ma Sunita Mehta Daniel Franklin Layne Hartman Wubin Bai Mengdi Han Hangbo Zhao Wei Lu Yongjoon Yu Xing Sheng Anthony Banks Xinge Yu Zoe R Donaldson Robert W Gereau Cameron H Good Zhaoqian Xie Yonggang Huang Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy John A Rogers Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. Department of Neurobiology Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. US Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground MD USA. US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground MD USA. Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology Washington University St. Louis MO USA. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China. SURVICE Engineering Belcamp MD USA. Chemistry of Life Processes Institutes Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. Neurolux Inc Evanston IL USA. School of Civil Engineering Southwest JiaoTong University Chengdu China. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin People's Republic of China. CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization Ministry of Science & Technology Sector 30-C Chandigarh India. Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China. Simpson Querrey Institute & Feinberg Medical School Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloong Tong Hong Kong. Psychology and Neuroscience Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA. State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Department of Engineering Mechanics Dalian University of Technology Dalian P.R. China. zxie@***. Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. y-huang@northwest

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Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation on adsorption of aniline on the ice surface

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Journal of Molecular Liquids 2019年 290卷

作者： Zihao Fu Ning He Putian Zhou Hong-Bin Xie Zhiqiang Fu Cong Liu Jingwen Chen Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education) School of Environmental Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of Science University of Helsinki P. O. Box 64 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland

Aniline has been found to have frequent environmental occurrence and high toxicity. However, little study has been performed on its environmental fate. Here, we employed Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations (GCMC) to investigate the adsorption behavior of aniline on hexagonal ice surface at 200 K using our modified force field of aniline and TIP5P force field of water. The results indicate that the adsorption isotherm of aniline exhibits a “monolayer saturation plateau”, starting with a rapid increase, then a plateau, and finally a condensed phase. Under very low surface coverage, the adsorption isotherm apparently follows Langmuir type adsorption isotherm although anilines can be adsorbed to various sites. Within the range of the apparent Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm, adsorbed anilines are independent from each other and most anilines are almost parallel to the ice surface and form two N−H•••O hydrogen bonds. With the increase of coverage, the adsorbed anilines can interact with each other, resulting in the deviation from the apparent Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm. In addition, the adsorption energy from GCMC simulation (−65.91 kJ mol −1 ) is well consistent that from our validating quantum chemistry calculation (−69.34 kJ mol −1 ), further confirming the reliability of our GCMC simulation results.

关键词： Adsorption Monte Carlo simulation Aniline Ice surface Atmospheric chemistry

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Yoda: Judge me by my size, do you? 35

Yoda: Judge me by my size, do you?

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35th IEEE International Conference on Computer Design, ICCD 2017

作者： Zhang, Jiangwei Kline, Donald Fang, Liang Melhem, Rami Jones, Alex K. State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Pittsburgh United States Department of Computer Science University of Pittsburgh United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781538622544

Phase change memory is a promising alternative to conventional memories such as DRAM due to its density and non-volatility. Unfortunately, reliability is still a challenge as limited write endurance, exacerbated by process variation, leads to increasing numbers of stuck-at faults over the memory's lifetime. Error-correcting Pointers (ECP) is a popular proposal to mitigate stuck-at faults by recording the addresses and the values of faulty bits in order to extend the memory lifetime. In this paper, we propose Yoda, a method to extend ECP with one or a small number of additional encoding bits in order to dramatically improve the effectiveness and guaranteed fault correction capability of ECP. Our simulation results demonstrate that Yoda has a 3.0x improvement in fault coverage compared to a fault-aware ECP with a similar overhead, while also providing a 2.5-3.0x improvement over state-of-the-art schemes with comparable complexity. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Phase change memory

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Preventive control for combined heat and power system: A day-ahead security constrained economic dispatch model

Preventive control for combined heat and power system: A day...

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The 11th IET International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management (APSCOM 2018)

作者： Qunli Lin Xinwei Shen Yinliang Xu Yong Sun Zhenyuan Li Qinglai Guo Hongbin Sun Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Tsinghua University Shenzhen China Jilin Power Grid Company State Grid Corp. of China Jilin China State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipments Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9781839530043

Integrated Energy System (IES), which plays a vital role in the development of Energy Internet (EI), can improve the efficiency of energy utilization and integration of renewable energy. However, the coupling between multiple energy systems will bring new challenges to the security control of the IES, such as combined heat and power (CHP) system. For IES, the preventive control is the first line of defense to ensure that the system can keep stable operation when contingencies such as the transmission outage or generator outage happen. This paper proposes a preventive control approach for CHP system, in which a day-ahead security constrained economic dispatch (SCED) model of CHP system considering the coupling of heat and electric is formulated. The model aims to minimize the cost of the whole system, while the preventive control of the system can be achieved with the constraints considering the normal states and contingencies states. Case studies based on the IEEE 9-bus system with CHPs are presented to illustrate the approach. The case result shows that the combined electric and heat optimal dispatch is more economical than when two systems are independently optimized and operated. And the proposed preventive control approach of the CHP system can satisfy both the electric and heat demand, and system security is ensured when the N-1 contingencies happened.

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Physics prospects of the Jinping neutrino experiment

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Chinese Physics C 2017年第2期41卷 9-32页

作者： John *** 陈少敏程建平 Sayed N.Doustimotlagh 高原宁龚光华宫辉郭磊韩然何红建黄性涛李荐民李金李默涵李学潜廖玮林贵林刘佐伟 William Mc Donough Ondˇrej rmek 唐健万林焱王元清王喆王综轶魏瀚宇习宇飞徐晔许勋杰杨振伟姚春发 Minfang Yeh 岳骞张黎明张洋赵志宏郑阳恒周详朱相雷 Kai Zuber Dept. of Physics Dept. of Astronomy and CCAPP The Ohio State University Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering School of Physics Shandong University School of Physics Nankai University Institute of Modern Physics East China University of Science and Technology Institute of Physics National Chiao-Tung University University of Maryland College Park Department of Geophysics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University in Prague School of Physics Sun Yat-Sen University Department of Civil Engineering Tsinghua University Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Fujian University of Technology Department of Structural Steels China Iron & Steel Research Institute Group Brookhaven National Laboratory School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik Technische Universitt Dresden

The China Jinping Underground laboratory（CJPL）, which has the lowest cosmic-ray muon flux and the lowest reactor neutrino flux of any laboratory, is ideal to carry out low-energy neutrino experiments. With two detectors and a total fiducial mass of 2000 tons for solar neutrino physics（equivalently, 3000 tons for geo-neutrino and supernova neutrino physics）, the Jinping neutrino experiment will have the potential to identify the neutrinos from the CNO fusion cycles of the Sun, to cover the transition phase for the solar neutrino oscillation from vacuum to matter mixing, and to measure the geo-neutrino flux, including the Th/U ratio. These goals can be fulfilled with mature existing techniques. Efforts on increasing the target mass with multi-modular neutrino detectors and on developing the slow liquid scintillator will increase the Jinping discovery potential in the study of solar neutrinos,geo-neutrinos, supernova neutrinos, and dark matter.

关键词： CJPL Jinping neutrino experiment solar neutrino geo-neutrino supernova neutrino

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Lightning indirect effects on UH-1H helicopter: Numerical simulation analysis and EM shielding

Lightning indirect effects on UH-1H helicopter: Numerical si...

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IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC-Beijing)

作者： Shu-Min Wang Xiao-Ning Chen Fei Guo Li-Yang Huang College of Defense Engineering PLA University of Science & Technology Nanjing China National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Electro-optical Engineering PLA University of Science & Technology Nanjing China

Lightning strike is a kind of threaten to the flying helicopter. The electromagnetic (EM) field, produced by the lightning attack, induces over voltage and current on the onboard cable bundles which result in disturbing or damaging of the sophisticated electronic and electrical equipment and seriously imperil flight safety. To obtain the distribution of internal magnetic field, we set an imitative UH-1H 3D model to conduct a simulation of impulse current injection in this paper. According to the simulation results, we establish a simple model of a new shielding material called BLW to get material property of the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness by means of the plane wave irradiation method. Besides, the material is used for the windshield in the entire helicopter model to simulate the comprehensive shielding effectiveness.

关键词： Helicopters Lightning Computational modeling Magnetic fields Solid modeling Integrated circuit modeling Glass

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A Novel TOF-PET Detector Based on SiPM and Cherenkov Radiation

A Novel TOF-PET Detector Based on SiPM and Cherenkov Radiati...

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IEEE Nuclear science Symposium

作者： Xiao Liu Tianpeng Xu Yan Xia Tianyu Ma Yaqiang Liu Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University) Ministry of Education Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering Beijing China

Time of flight (TOF) technology has been widely applied in modern positron emission tomography (PET) systems. In TOF-PET detector development, the decay time of scintillation crystal is one of the major limit to the timing resolution. Nowadays, low-luminosity photon detection even at single photon level has come into use, which allows the detection of low-output Cherenkov photons to be possible. These Cherenkov photons is created by the moving electrons, which is produced by the photoelectric effect or Compton scatter of the 511 keV gamma photons. Since Cherenkov photon can be detected earlier and provides nearly prompt response to gamma photons, Cherenkov TOF-PET detector has become a promising TOF-PET choice. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of a Cherenkov TOF-PET detector setup based on PbF_2 crystal and SensL dual-output SiPM. We also investigate the factors which could influence the coincidence resolving time (CRT), including ambient temperature, SiPM over voltage, crystal size and crystal surface treatment.

关键词： Crystals Cathode ray tubes Photonics Voltage control Timing Detectors Surface treatment

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A fusion method based on unscented particle filter and minimum sampling variance resampling for lithium-ion battery remaining useful life prediction

A fusion method based on unscented particle filter and minim...

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2016 Annual Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society, PHM 2016

作者： Chen, Jiayu Zhou, Dong Lu, Chuan School of Reliability and Systems Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems Beihang University Beijing100191 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781936263226

It is important to predict the capacity of lithium-ion battery for future cycles to assess its health condition and to estimate remaining useful life (RUL). Particle filter approaches are widely applied into the estimation of battery capacity. However, after several iterations, the degeneracy and impoverishment of particles can cause unreliable and inaccurate prediction results in particle filter (PF). In this paper, a fusion method is proposed by integrating unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and minimum sampling variance resampling (MSVR) into the standard PF for RUL prediction of batteries. The UKF is employed to generate the proposal distribution of particles, which is used by PF to calculate the weights of particles. Next, the MSVR algorithm is introduced for performing resampling procedure to improve the performance. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is validated and compared to other predictors with four different battery datasets from NASA. According to the results, the integrated method has high reliability and prediction accuracy.

关键词： NASA

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Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

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Nature 2024年第8003期627卷 347-357页

作者： Ken Suzuki Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas Lorraine Southam Henry J Taylor Xianyong Yin Kim M Lorenz Ravi Mandla Alicia Huerta-Chagoya Giorgio E M Melloni Stavroula Kanoni Nigel W Rayner Ozvan Bocher Ana Luiza Arruda Kyuto Sonehara Shinichi Namba Simon S K Lee Michael H Preuss Lauren E Petty Philip Schroeder Brett Vanderwerff Mart Kals Fiona Bragg Kuang Lin Xiuqing Guo Weihua Zhang Jie Yao Young Jin Kim Mariaelisa Graff Fumihiko Takeuchi Jana Nano Amel Lamri Masahiro Nakatochi Sanghoon Moon Robert A Scott James P Cook Jung-Jin Lee Ian Pan Daniel Taliun Esteban J Parra Jin-Fang Chai Lawrence F Bielak Yasuharu Tabara Yang Hai Gudmar Thorleifsson Niels Grarup Tamar Sofer Matthias Wuttke Chloé Sarnowski Christian Gieger Darryl Nousome Stella Trompet Soo-Heon Kwak Jirong Long Meng Sun Lin Tong Wei-Min Chen Suraj S Nongmaithem Raymond Noordam Victor J Y Lim Claudia H T Tam Yoonjung Yoonie Joo Chien-Hsiun Chen Laura M Raffield Bram Peter Prins Aude Nicolas Lisa R Yanek Guanjie Chen Jennifer A Brody Edmond Kabagambe Ping An Anny H Xiang Hyeok Sun Choi Brian E Cade Jingyi Tan K Alaine Broadaway Alice Williamson Zoha Kamali Jinrui Cui Manonanthini Thangam Linda S Adair Adebowale Adeyemo Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas Tarunveer S Ahluwalia Sonia S Anand Alain Bertoni Jette Bork-Jensen Ivan Brandslund Thomas A Buchanan Charles F Burant Adam S Butterworth Mickaël Canouil Juliana C N Chan Li-Ching Chang Miao-Li Chee Ji Chen Shyh-Huei Chen Yuan-Tsong Chen Zhengming Chen Lee-Ming Chuang Mary Cushman John Danesh Swapan K Das H Janaka de Silva George Dedoussis Latchezar Dimitrov Ayo P Doumatey Shufa Du Qing Duan Kai-Uwe Eckardt Leslie S Emery Daniel S Evans Michele K Evans Krista Fischer James S Floyd Ian Ford Oscar H Franco Timothy M Frayling Barry I Freedman Pauline Genter Hertzel C Gerstein Vilmantas Giedraitis Clicerio González-Villalpando Maria Elena González-Villalpando Penny Gordon-Larsen Myron Gross Lindsay A Guare Sophie Hackinger Liisa Hakaste Sohee Han Andrew T Hattersley Christian Herder Momoko Horikoshi Annie-Green Howard Willa Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK. Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. konstantinos.hatzikotoulas@helmholtz-munich.de. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Heart and Lung Research Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Genetics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA. Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. TIMI Study Group Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London L

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.

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