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Air oxidation in surface engineering of biochar-based materials: a critical review

Carbon Research 2022年第1期1卷 1-26页

作者： Sun, Zhuozhuo Dai, Lichun Lai, Penghui Shen, Feng Shen, Fei Zhu, Wenkun Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Chengdu610041 China Agro-Environmental Protection Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 31 Fukang Road Nankai District Tianjin300191 China Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu611130 China State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials National Co-Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense School of National Defense Science & Technology Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang621010 China

Biochar always suffers from low porosity and/or poor surface functionality, which limit its performances. Among various surface engineering strategies, air oxidation favors both pore development and surface oxygenation for biochar. However, there is still a lack of systematic knowledge and critical perspective on air oxidation in surface engineering of biochar-based materials for various applications. Herein, this review analyzed the mechanisms of air oxidation, summarized the routes of air oxidation in surface engineering of biochar-based materials, investigated the impacts of controlling factors (including operation parameters and intrinsic biochar structure) on pore development and surface oxygenation during air oxidation, and discussed the performances of the resultant materials in pollution control, biomass catalytic conversion and energy storage. This review suggested that air oxidation could be conducted in oxidative torrefaction/pyrolysis, and applied as post-modification or pretreatment processes. Interestingly, air oxidation is efficient in enriching the heteroatoms in the heteroatom-doped biochar, and promoting the doping of metal species on biochar by enriching the anchor sites. This review also highlighted the future challenges concerning air oxidation in the surface engineering of biochar-based materials. Finally, this review was intended to attract broad attention and inspire new discoveries for promoting the application of air oxidation in surface engineering of biochar-based materials for various advanced applications. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Oxygenation

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Performance Optimization in the Cascade of VAD and ASR Systems: A Study on Evaluation and Alignment Strategies

Performance Optimization in the Cascade of VAD and ASR Syste...

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Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA)

作者： Zhentao Lin Zihao Chen Bi Zeng Leqi Chen Jia Cai Computer Science and Engineering Guangdong University of Technology School China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute Key Laboratory of MIIT for Intelligent Products Testing and Reliability

ISBN: (数字)9798350367331

ISBN: (纸本)9798350367348

Voice Activity Detection (VAD) is a critical pre-processing step in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems, tasked with distinguishing speech from non-speech segments in audio signals. The accuracy of this segmentation is essential, as errors can significantly impair ASR performance. This study integrates multiple VAD algorithms with ASR systems and examines their interplay through a chapter-level analysis, focusing on the Word Error Rate (WER) of ASR in relation to VAD’s recall and precision. The research reveals a strong correlation between ASR’s insertion and deletion errors and VAD’s performance metrics. Insertions are mainly due to VAD misclassifying non-speech as speech, while deletions stem from misclassifying speech as non-speech. To address these issues, we introduce the Aligned Token Word Error Rate (atWER), a novel metric based on forced alignment from the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) framework. Our experiments show that atWER accurately reflects the impact of VAD on ASR performance, effectively reducing discrepancies between VAD annotations and classification outcomes.

关键词： Voice activity detection Measurement Accuracy Correlation Error analysis Focusing Information processing User experience reliability Optimization

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Assessment on gas-polyethylene terephthalate solid interface partial discharge properties of C4F7N/CO_(2)gas mixture for eco-friendly gas insulating transformer

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 35-45页

作者： Song Xiao Yifan Wang Chenhua Ren Haoran Xia Yue Zhao Jingzi Qin Xiaoxing Zhang Yi Luo Yi Li State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection School of Electrical Engineering and AutomationWuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina Beijing International S&T Cooperation Base for Plasma Science and Energy Conversion Institute of Electrical EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Grid Anhui Electric Power Company Anhui Electric Power Research Institute HefeiAnhuiChina Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Monitoring of New Energy and Power Grid Equipment School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHubei University of TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina

The eco-friendly insulating gas perfluoroisobutyronitrile(C_(4)F_(7)N)is potentially used in gas-insulated transformers(GIT)to replace sulphur hexafluoride(SF_(6)).However,evaluation of the long-term insulation reliability and gas–solid interface discharge decomposition characteristics of the gas–solid film insulation structure in GIT is *** authors simulated the gas–solid film insulation structure in GIT and explored the interface partial discharge(PD)characteristics of C4F7N/CO_(2)gas mixture with polyethylene terephthalate(PET).The effect of gas pressure,mixing ratio on gas–solid interface gas decomposition,PET degradation was investigated,and the interaction mechanism was *** is found that the interface PD generated three degradation regions on a PET *** gas–solid interface reaction in the electrode contact region and the discharge development trace was significantly higher than that of halation *** content of gas decomposition products decreases with the increase of gas pressure and the PD intensity of SF6-PET is inferior to that of C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)under the same *** results provide reference for the development and application of C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)based GIT.

关键词： interface solid insulation

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Near real-time spatial prediction of earthquake-induced landslides:A novel interpretable self-supervised learning method

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 1885-1906页

作者： Xuewen Wang Xianmin Wang Xinlong Zhang Lizhe Wang Haixiang Guo Dongdong Li Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory School of Geophysics and GeomaticsChina University of GeosciencesWuhanPeople’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhanPeople’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Geological and Evaluation of Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhanPeople’s Republic of China Laboratory of Natural Disaster Risk Prevension and Emergency Management School of Economics and ManagementChina University of GeosciencesWuhanPeople’s Republic of China College of Electronic Science and Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaPeople’s Republic of China

Near real-time spatial prediction of earthquake-induced landslides(EQILs)can rapidly forecast the occurrence position of widespread landslides just after a violent earthquake;thus,EQIL prediction is very crucial to the 72-hour‘golden window’for *** work focuses on a series of earthquake events from 2008 to 2022 occurring in the Tibetan Plateau,a famous seismically-active zone,and proposes a novel interpretable self-supervised learning(ISeL)method for the near real-time spatial prediction of *** new method innovatively introduces swap noise at the unsupervised mechanism,which can improve the generalization performance and transferability of the model,and can effectively reduce false alarm and improve accuracy through *** interpretable module is built based on a self-attention mechanism to reveal the importance and contribution of various influencing factors to EQIL spatial *** results demonstrate that the ISeL model is superior to the excellent state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning ***,according to the interpretable module in the ISeL method,the critical controlling and triggering factors are *** ISeL method can also be applied in other earthquake-frequent regions worldwide because of its good generalization and transferability.

关键词： Coseismic landslide near real-time interpretable artificial intelligence self-supervised learning spatial distribution prediction

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Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis of Sm and Zr Co-doped Gd2Ti2O7 Pyrochlore Ceramics as Nuclear Waste Forms

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Journal of Wuhan University of technology(Materials science) 2021年第2期36卷 196-202页

作者： XIE Dayan ZHANG Kuibao LI Weiwei LUO Baozhu GUO Haiyan State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China National Defense Key Discipline Lab of Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China

We reported a rapid synthesis of Sm^(3+)/Zr^(4+)co-doped Gd2Ti2O7 pyrochlore simulated nuclear wastes solidification by self-propagation plus quick pressing *** increment excess contents of Sm2O3 and ZrO2 from 0 to 10wt%,the phase composition of the products is a mixed phase of pyrochlore structure and defective fluorite structure by X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis and Raman *** addition,the SEM results demonstrate the fracture surface and microstructure of Gd2Ti2O7-based *** densified pyrochlore waste form exhibits high bulk density of 5.56 g·cm^(-3) and vickers hardness of 11.20±0.2 *** leaching tests show that the elemental leaching rates of Gd,Sm,and Cu after 42 days are 1.92×10^(-4),1.51×10^(-4),and 3.90×10^(-3) g·m^(-2)·d^(-1),respectively.

关键词： SHS pyrochlore immobilization of nuclear wastes excess

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Fault Diagnosis Model for UAV with Small Sample Size and Imbalanced Data

Fault Diagnosis Model for UAV with Small Sample Size and Imb...

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Prognostics and System Health Management Conference (PHM-Qingdao)

作者： Guoqing Song Ke Ma Yang Yang Yanchen Dong Danyang Han Mingliang Suo School of Reliability and Systems Engineering Beihang University Beijing China No.31850 People's Liberation Army of China Beijing China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Institute of Reliability Engineering School of Reliability and Systems Engineering Beihang University Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350354010

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354027

With the development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), their application scenarios and task requirements have become more complex, demanding higher standards for subsequent fault diagnosis and equipment maintenance. The actual flight data of UAV usually exhibits small sample sizes and imbalanced characteristics. To achieve more efficient fault prediction for UAV, this paper establishes a SMOTE-IWOA-RF fault diagnosis model. This model optimizes the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) using chaotic initialization, nonlinear convergence factors, and Lévy flight strategies, resulting in better convergence accuracy and global search capability, as well as faster convergence speed. The model is compared with other classification models on data with different imbalance ratios, demonstrating that it is more efficient and accurate in UAV fault diagnosis, with the F1 score improving by about 10% compared to the pre-optimization state. Furthermore, the IWOA-RF model is combined with other data preprocessing methods, showing that SMOTE-IWOA-RF performs better on UAV operational data, indicating its practical value.

关键词： Fault diagnosis Solid modeling Accuracy Autonomous aerial vehicles Data models Whale optimization algorithms Classification algorithms Optimization Standards Convergence

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Harnessing electron spins with carbon materials for quantum information applications

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National science Open 2023年第1期2卷 1-4页

作者： Hu Chen Ye-Xin Wang Shanshan Wang Weiguo Mao Song Gao Shang-Da Jiang Shen Zhou Institute for Quantum Science and Technology College of ScienceScience and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites LaboratoryNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China College of Materials Science and Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha 410114China Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional MaterialsSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The implementation of information technology relies on functional chemicals and *** have led to the rise of the electronic information *** the next generation of information technology,how to implement quantum information processing has become an urgent task[1].In order to carry superposition state and entanglement,systems,which are better isolated from environment,are designed to boost the quantum coherence *** example,superconducting circuits,which are the leading candidate of quantum processor,uses the transmon design and the mK temperature condition to reduce the influence of environmental noise.

关键词： materials. quantum superposition

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Rule-Based Modelling Approach for Network Application Availability Assessment Under Dynamic Network Restoration Scheme

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Yi, Zhiwei Huang, Ning Yang, Qihang Zheng, Xiangyu School of Reliability and System Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Key Laboratory of Science Technology on Reliability Environmental Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China

Under dynamic network restoration scheme of Intelligent Optical Networks (IONs), the application outages are not directly depended on the network node or link failures but affected by the pattern of network failures and the global reallocation of application flow behavior. Existing methodologies on network availability measures target single instances of random failure and evaluating the application availability as the static connection path availability based on topology, which fails to model the dynamic application *** order to capture the application resilience behavior and provide a more effective measurement, this paper proposes a rule-based modelling approach which exploits the general graph algorithm and resource match function as local rules to determine the application contention outcomes of interaction during the restoration procedure. Then application availability is evaluated by means of simulations in terms of recovery time during the system state transition controlled by the rules. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Topology

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A tartrate-EDTA-Fe complex mediates electron transfer and enhances ammonia recovery in a bioelectrochemical-stripping system

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environmental science and Ecotechnology 2022年第3期11卷 93-101页

作者： De-Xin Zhang Si-Yuan Zhai Ran Zeng Cheng-Yan Liu Bo Zhang Zhe Yu Li-Hui Yang Xi-Qi Li Ya-Nan Hou Ai-Jie Wang Hao-Yi Cheng Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China College of Civil Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology ShenzhenShenzhen518055PR China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology School of Environmental and Municipal EngineeringTianjin Chengjian UniversityTianjin300384China

Traditional bioelectrochemical systems(BESs)coupled with stripping units for ammonia recovery suffer from an insufficient supply of electron acceptors due to the low solubility of *** this study,we proposed a novel strategy to efficiently transport the oxidizing equivalent provided at the stripping unit to the cathode by introducing a highly soluble electron mediator(EM)into the *** validate this strategy,we developed a new kind of iron complex system(tartrate-EDTA-Fe)as the ***-Fe contributed to the redox property with a midpoint potential of0.075 V(*** hydrogen electrode,SHE)at pH 10,whereas tartrate acted as a stabilizer to avoid iron precipitation under alkaline *** a ratio of the catholyte recirculation rate to the anolyte flow rate(RC-A)of 12,the NH4 t-N recovery rate in the system with 50mM tartrate-EDTA-Fe complex reached 6.9±0.2 g Nm^(-2) d^(-1),approximately 3.8 times higher than that in the non-EM *** the help of the complex,our system showed an NH4 t-N recovery performance comparable to that previously reported but with an extremely low RC-A(0.5 vs.288).The strategy proposed here may guide the future of ammonia recovery BES scale-up because the introduction of an EM allows aeration to be performed only at the stripping unit instead of at every cathode,which is beneficial for the system design due to its simplicity and reliability.

关键词： Bioelectrochemical system Ammonia recovery Electron mediator Stripping Tartrate-EDTA-Fe

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Application Prospect of Fission-Powered Spacecraft in Solar System Exploration Missions

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Space(science & technology) 2021年第1期2021卷 309-323页

作者： Y.Xia J.Li R.Zhai J.Wang B.Lin Q.Zhou Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering BeijingChina Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory BeijingChina Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology of Tsinghua University The Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and SafetyMinistry of EducationBeijingChina

Fission power is a promising technology,and it has been proposed for several future space *** is being considered for highpower missions whose goal is to explore the solar system and even *** fission power has made great progress when NASA’s 1 kWe Kilowatt Reactor Using Stirling technology(KRUSTY)prototype completed a full power scale nuclear test in *** success stimulated a new round of research competition among the major space *** article reviews the development of the Kilopower reactor and the KRUSTY system *** summarizes the current missions that fission reactors are being considered as a power and/or propulsion *** projects include visiting Jupiter and Saturn systems,Chiron,and Kuiper belt object;Neptune exploration missions;and lunar and Mars surface base *** studies suggest that the Fission Electric Propulsion(FEP)/Fission Power System(FPS)is better than the Radioisotope Electric Propulsion(REP)/Radioisotope Power System(RPS)in the aspect of cost for missions with a power level that reaches~1 kWe,and when the power levels reaches~8 kWe,it has the advantage of lower *** a mission that travels further than~Saturn,REP with plutonium may not be cost acceptable,leaving FEP the only *** missions prefer the use of FPS because it satisfies the power level of 10’s kWe,and FPS vastly widens the choice of possible landing *** to the current situation,we are expecting a flagship-level fission-powered space exploration mission in the next 1-2 decades.

关键词： satis Saturn isotope

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