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Microbial aerosol chemistry characteristics in highly polluted air

Science China Chemistry 2019年第8期62卷 1051-1063页

作者： Ting Zhang Xinyue Li Minfei Wang Haoxuan Chen Maosheng Yao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University

Aerosol chemistry is often studied without considering microbial involvements. Here, we investigated time-and size-resolved bacterial aerosol dynamics in air. Under high particulate matter(PM) polluted episodes, bacterial aerosols exhibited a viability of up to 50%–70% in the 0.56–1 μm size range, at which elevated levels of SO42-, NO3- and NH4+ were concurrently *** or acclimated for both industrial use, bacteria such as Psychrobacter spp., Massilia spp., Acinetobacter lwoffii,Exiguobacteriumaurantiacum and Bacillusmegaterium were shown to have experienced massive abundance shifts in polluted air on early mornings and late afternoons, on which rapid new particle formation events were widely reported. Here, Psychrobacter spp. were shown to account for >96% abundance at a corresponding PM2.5 level of 208 μg/m3. These observed bacterial aerosol changes corresponded to the PM2.5 mass peak shift from 3.2–5.6 μm to the high viability size range of 0.56–1 μm. Additionally,elevated levels of soluble Na, Ca, Mg, K, Al, Fe and P elements, required for bacterial growth, were observed to co-occur with those significant bacterial aerosol structure shifts in the air. For particular time-resolved PM2.5 pollution episodes, Acinetobacter,Psychrobacter and Massilia were shown to alternate in dominating the time-resolved aerosol community structures. The results from a HYSPLIT trajectory model simulation suggested that air mass transport played a minor role in affecting the observed bacterial aerosol structure dynamics. All the data here suggested that airborne bacteria in the size range of 0.56–1 μm could be extensively involved in aerosol chemistry in highly polluted humid air.

关键词： bacterial aerosol dynamics in air particulate matter size-and time-resolved bacterial aerosol aerosol chemistry

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Characteristics of volatile organic compounds,NO_2,and effects on ozone formation at a site with high ozone level in Chengdu

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 334-345页

作者： Yuanyuan Deng Jing Li Yaqi Li Rongrong Wu Shaodong Xie College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlPeking University

Chengdu is a megacity in the southwest of China with high ozone(O_3) mixing *** of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), NO_2 and O_3 with high temporal resolution was conducted in Chengdu to investigate the chemical processes and causes of high O_3 levels. The hourly mixing ratios of VOCs, NO2, and O_3 were monitored by an online system from 28 August to 7 October, 2016. According to meteorological conditions,Chengdu, with relative warm weather and low wind speed, is favorable to O_3 *** of the O_3 in Chengdu may be transported from the downtown area. In O_3 episodes,the average mixing ratios of NO_2 and O_3 were 20.20 ppbv and 47.95 ppbv, respectively. In non-O_3 episodes, the average mixing ratios of NO_2 and O_3 were 16.38 ppbv and 35.15 ppbv,respectively. The average mixing ratio of total VOCs(TVOCs) was 40.29 ppbv in non-O_3 episodes, which was lower than that in O_3 episodes(53.19 ppbv). Alkenes comprised51.7% of the total O_3 formation potential(OFP) in Chengdu, followed by aromatics which accounted for 24.2%. Ethylene, trans-pentene, propene, and BTEX(benzene, ethylbenzene,toluene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene) were also major contributors to the OFP in Chengdu. In O_3 episodes, intensive secondary formations were observed during the campaign. Oxygenated VOCs(OVOCs), such as acetone, Methylethylketone(MEK), and Methylvinylketone(MVK)were abundant. Isoprene rapidly converted to MVK and Methacrolein(MACR) during O_3 episodes. Acetone was mainly the oxidant of C3-C5 hydrocarbons.

关键词： Ozone formation VOCs NO2 OFP Diurnal variation

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Estimating emissions from crop residue open burning in China based on statistics and MODIS fire products

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2016年第6期28卷 158-170页

作者： Jing Li Yu Bo Shaodong Xie College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlPeking University

With the objective of reducing the large uncertainties in the estimations of emissions from crop residue open burning, an improved method for establishing emission inventories of crop residue open burning at a high spatial resolution of 0.25°× 0.25° and a temporal resolution of1 month was established based on the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer（MODIS） Thermal Anomalies/Fire Daily Level3 Global Product（MOD/MYD14A1）. Agriculture mechanization ratios and regional crop-specific grain-to-straw ratios were introduced to improve the accuracy of related activity data. Locally observed emission factors were used to calculate the primary pollutant emissions. MODIS satellite data were modified by combining them with county-level agricultural statistical data, which reduced the influence of missing fire counts caused by their small size and cloud cover. The annual emissions of CO2, CO, CH4,nonmethane volatile organic compounds（NMVOCs）, N2O, NOx, NH3, SO2, fine particles（PM2.5）,organic carbon（OC）, and black carbon（BC） were 150.40, 6.70, 0.51, 0.88, 0.01, 0.13, 0.07, 0.43,1.09, 0.34, and 0.06 Tg, respectively, in 2012. Crop residue open burning emissions displayed typical seasonal and spatial variation. The highest emission regions were the Yellow-Huai River and Yangtse-Huai River areas, and the monthly emissions were highest in June（37%）.Uncertainties in the emission estimates, measured as 95% confidence intervals, range from a low of within ±126% for N2O to a high of within ± 169% for NH3.

关键词： Crop residue open burning Air quality Emission inventory Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer（MODIS）

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Effects of seed particles Al2O3, Al2（SO4）3 and H2SO4 on secondary organic aerosol

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 161-169页

作者： Xiao Zhang Biwu Chu Junhua Li Chaozhi Zhang School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Seed particles Al2O3, Al2（SO4）3 and H2SO4 were selected to investigate their effects on secondary aerosol （SA） formation in toluene/NOx photooxidation under sulfur dioxide （SO2） and ammonia （NH3）. Effect of seed particles on SA formation was related to their acid-base properties and the presence of acid or alkaline gases. Under NH3-poor condition, SA formation increased with increasing SO2 concentration due to the acid-catalyzing effect of the oxidation products of SO2 （i.e. H2SO4）, The enhancing effect of SO2 became unobvious under NH3-rieh condition, because NH3 would eliminate the acid-catalyzing effect by neutralizing the acid products. Acidic seeds H2SO4 accelerated SA formation under either SO2 or NH3 condition. Weak acidic Al2（SO4）3 seeds didn＇t affect obviously on SA formation. The inhibiting effect of amphoteric seeds Al2O3 on SA formation was related to the presence of SO2 / NH3 due to their acid-base property. Under NH3-poor condition, the inhibiting effect of Al2O3 on SA formation decreased with increasing concentration of SO2, while under NH3-rich condition, the inhibiting effect wasn＇t remarkable.

关键词： Seed particle Secondary aerosol Sulfur dioxide Ammonia Acid-catalyzing effect

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Investigation of carbonyl compound sources at a rural site in the Yangtze River Delta region of China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2015年第2期27卷 128-136页

作者： Ming Wang Wentai Chen Min Shao Sihua Lu Limin Zeng Min Hu State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University

Carbonyl compounds are important intermediates in atmospheric photochemistry, but their primary sources are still not understood well. In this work, carbonyls, hydrocarbons,and alkyl nitrates were continuously measured during November 2011 at a rural site in the Yangtze River Delta region of China. Mixing ratios of carbonyls and hydrocarbons showed large fluctuations during the entire measurement. The average level for total measured volatile organic compounds during the pollution episode from 25 th to 27 th November, 2011 was 91.6 ppb, about 7 times the value for the clean period of 7th–8th, November, 2011. To preliminarily identify toluene sources at this site, the emission ratio of toluene to benzene（T/B） during the pollution episode was determined based on photochemical ages derived from the relationship of alkyl nitrates to their parent alkanes. The calculated T/B was5.8 ppb/ppb, significantly higher than the values of 0.2–1.7 ppb/ppb for vehicular exhaust and other combustion sources, indicating the dominant influence of industrial emissions on ambient toluene. The contributions of industrial sources to ambient carbonyls were then calculated using a multiple linear regression fit model that used toluene and alkyl nitrates as respective tracers for industrial emission and secondary production. During the pollution episode, 18.5%, 69.0%, and 52.9% of measured formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone were considered to be attributable to industrial emissions. The emission ratios relative to toluene for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone were determined to be 0.10, 0.20 and0.40 ppb/ppb, respectively. More research on industrial carbonyl emission characteristics is needed to understand carbonyl sources better.

关键词： Carbonyl compounds Source apportionment Industrial emission Yangtze River Delta

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Chinese Academy of Engineering released Global Engineering Fronts

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第4期14卷 1-2页

作者： Xu Wang Jiao Zhang Xi Lu Xia Huang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The Chinese Academy of Engineering(CAE),in conjunction with Clarivate Analytics and the Higher Education Press,released the report of Global Engineering Fronts on December 10th,*** report contains 93 global engineering research fronts and 94 global engineering development fronts on nine core engineering *** fronts were generated from both data mining and expert judgement so as to focus on the representative key points to present and guide the development of engineering science and technology.

关键词： technology. Global mining

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Unveiling the overlooked silent threat: High-throughput suspect screening of antibiotics and multidimensional heterogeneity in aquatic ecosystems of megacity

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Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025年 493卷 138193页

作者： Guo, Tianrong Yue, Qingnan Hou, Yu Chen, Yi Yu, Dong Yang, Geng Yu, Chenglong Zeng, Yuping Feng, Yanqi Pu, Shengyan State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu610059 China Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Assessment on Novel Food Raw Materials State Administration for Market Regulation Chengdu Institute of Food Inspection Chengdu611130 China State Key Laboratory of Collaborative Control and Joint Remediation of Soil and Water Pollution for Environmental Protection College of Ecology and Environment Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu610059 China School of Materials and Environmental Engineering Chengdu Technological University Chengdu611730 China Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health State Administration for Market Regulation Chengdu Institute of Food Inspection Chengdu611130 China

The environmental and health impacts of antibiotics (ABx) have garnered global attention. However, the issue of ABx contamination in aquatic ecosystems of densely populated megacities remains largely overlooked. Significant research gaps persist, particularly in understanding the full-chain pollution characteristics that span from urban aquatic environments to edible aquatic organisms, due in part to the lack of systematic monitoring data to support comprehensive assessments. To address this gap, this study conducts the first comprehensive screening of ABx in the aquatic ecosystems of a megacity, offering quantitative evaluations of ABx complexity and multidimensional heterogeneity. Over a one-year period, 406 samples were collected from four rivers and three lakes, and large-scale analyses identified 37 ABx compounds, with the overall detection rate of 30.05 %, with Sulfonamides (SAs), Quinolones (QNs), and Macrolides (MLs) being the most prevalent. Surface water samples contained the greatest number of ABx types, while amphibians exhibited the highest detection rate and concentrations. A pronounced increase in detections during the dry season (spring and winter) highlighted substantial spatio-temporal variation. Source-sink analysis revealed hospital effluents and wastewater treatment plants as primary pollution sources. Among the detected compounds, Nalidixic acid (NCA), Sulfamethazine (SMTZ), Flumequine (FQ), and Tylosin (TLS) posed the most significant ecological risks, with NCA identified as a priority for targeted control. This study establishes a novel framework for the high-throughput suspect screening, occurrence pattern analysis, and risk assessment of ABx in megacities worldwide. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Risk assessment

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Scenario-based assessment and multi-objective optimization of urban development plan with carrying capacity of water system

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 97-108页

作者： Yilei Lu Yunqing Huang Siyu Zeng Can Wang School of Environment Tsinghus UniversityBeijing 100084China Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

environmental impact assessments and subsequent regulation measures of urban development plans are critical to human progress toward sustainability,since these plans set the scale and structure targets of future socioeconomic development.A three-step methodology for assessing and optimizing an urban development plan focusing on its impacts on the water system was *** methodology first predicted the pressure on the water system caused by implementation of the plan under distinct scenarios then compared the pressure with the carrying capacity threshold to verity the system status;finally,a multi-objected the pressure with the carrying capacity threshold to verity the system status;finally,a multi-objective optimization method was used to propose regulation *** methodology enabled evaluation of the water system carrying state,taking socioeconomic development uncertainties into account,and multiple sets of improvement measures under different decisionmaker preferences were *** methodology was applied in the case of Zhoushan city in South-east *** assessment results showed that overloading problems occurred in 11 out of the 13 zones in Zhoushan,with the potential pressure varying from 1.1 to 18.3 times the carrying *** a basic regulation measure,and environmental efficiency upgrade could relieve the overloading in 4 zones and reduce 9%-63%of the *** optimization of industrial development showed that the pressure could be controlled under the carrying capacity threshold if the planned scale was reduced by 24%and the industrial structure was *** regulation schemes including a more suitable scale and structure with necessary efficiency standards are provided for decisionmakers that can help the case city approach a more sustainable development pattern.

关键词： Urban development plan Urban water system Carrying capacity Scenario analysis Multi-objective optimization

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A novel knotted cotton-thread carrier:Its potential use in achieving the biomass renewal of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in an immobilized growth system

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Science China Chemistry 2009年第5期52卷 670-675页

作者： ZHOU Cheng WEN XiangHua The State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environment Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

In order to achieve an innovative strategy to renew the biomass of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in an immobilized growth system which can maintain white-rot fungi biomass, a novel knotted cotton-thread carrier was designed and made. By using a high-speed stirring apparatus under the conditions of 1400 r/min stirring speed for 6 min, mycelia immobilized on the knotted cotton-thread carriers were exfoliated completely and homogenized to a proper size. Furthermore, the homogenized mycelia from the immobilized mycelia can resume their growth on the knotted cotton-thread carriers in agitated flask cultures. The average regrowth biomass on the new carriers and the reused carriers was 0.0171 g/carrier and 0.0314 g/carrier, respectively. It proves that the knotted cotton-thread carrier performs perfectly in homogening the immobilized mycelia to achieve the biomass renewal of P. chrysosporium in an immobilized growth system.

关键词： knotted cotton-thread carrier biomass renewal immobilization homogenizing Phanerochaete chrysosporium

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Modified red soil combined with aquatic plants to control sediment phosphorus release

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Zhongguo Huanjing Kexue/China environmental Science 2025年第5期45卷 2780-2791页

作者： Zou, Lin-Xi Li, Dan-Li Cheng, Kang-Long Zhang, Yu Zhang, Wen College of Ecology and Environment Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu610059 China Key Laboratory of Collaborative Control and Joint Remediation of Soil and Water Pollution in National Environmental Protection Chengdu610059 China State Key Laboratory of Geological Disaster Prevention and Geological Environment Protection Chengdu610059 China

This study utilized natural red clay (RC) and 700°C calcined red clay (CRC-700) to form treatment groups combined with submerged macrophytes Vallisneria spiralis (VS) and Ceratophyllum demersum (CD), aiming to develop a treatment technology effective in controlling sedimentary phosphorus (P) release. The results demonstrated that the VS+CRC-700 treatment group exhibited superior performance in reducing and removing sedimentary P compared to other treatments. Specifically, dissolved reactive phosphorus (SRP) in the overlying water of the VS+CRC-700 group was significantly reduced from 1.38 mg/L to 0.024 mg/L compared to the control group. Additionally, the concentrations of Fe(II)-P and iron-aluminum bound phosphorus (CDB-P) in different sediment layers were maximally decreased by 94 and 488.03 mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, the VS+CRC-700 treatment markedly enhanced P immobilization in sediments, with Ca-P content increasing by up to 182.78mg/kg across sediment layers. Furthermore, microbial community analysis revealed that VS+CRC-700 increased sediment microbial abundance by 5403 units, while reducing the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes by 16.56% and 33.33%, respectively. These findings collectively suggest that VS+CRC-700 represents a cost-effective and high-efficiency technology for improving water quality in P-polluted systems. Its application demonstrates significant potential in controlling sedimentary P release under weak hydrodynamic conditions. © 2025 Chinese Society for environmental Sciences. All rights reserved.

关键词： River pollution

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