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A holistic approach for evaluating ecological water allocation in the Yellow River Basin of China

Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2007年第1期1卷 99-106页

作者： YANG Zhifeng CUI Baoshan CHEN He State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The characteristics and sustainable management of water resources on a basin scale require that they should be managed using a holistic *** this study,a holistic methodology called the holistic approach in a basin scale(HABS)is proposed to determine the ecological water requirements of a whole *** are three principles in ***,ecological water requirements in a basin scale indicate not only the coupling of hydrological and ecological systems,but also the exchange of matter and energy between each ecological type through all kinds of physical geography ***,ecological water requirements can be divided into different types according to their functions,and water requirements of different types are ***,ecological water requirements are related to a multiple system including water quality,water quantity,and time and space,which interact with each *** holistic approach in a basin scale was then used in the Yellow River Basin and it suggested that 265.0x108 m3 of water,45%of the total surface water resources,should be allocated to ecological systems,such as rivers,lakes,wetlands and cities,to sustain its function and *** ecological water requirements of inside river systems and outside river systems were respectively 261.0×10^(8) and 3.65×10^(8)m^(3).

关键词： holistic approach ecological flow Yellow River Basin

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Chemical speciation and anthropogenic sources of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during summer in Beijing, 2004

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2007年第2期1卷 147-152页

作者： LU Sihua LIU Ying SHAO Min HUANG Shan State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)were measured at six sites in Beijing in August,*** to 148 VOC species,including C_(3) to C_(12) alkanes,C_(3) to C_(11) alkenes,C_(6) to C_(12) aromatics,and halogenated hydrocarbons,were *** the concentrations differed at the sites,the chemical compositions were similar,except for the Tongzhou site where aromatics were significantly high in the *** on the source profiles measured from previous studies,the source apportionment of ambient VOCs was preformed by deploying the chemical mass balance(CMB)*** results show that urban VOCs are predominant from mobile source emissions,which contribute more than 50% of the VOCs(in mass concentrations)to ambient air at most *** important sources are gasoline evaporation,painting,and *** exception is at the Tongzhou site where vehicle exhaust,painting,and solvents have about equal contribution,around 35% of the ambient VOC *** the receptor model is not valid for deriving the sources of reactive species,such as isoprene and 1,3-butadiene,other methodologies need to be further explored.

关键词： volatile organic compounds(VOCs) chemical composition chemical mass balance model reactive species

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Estimation and prediction of black carbon emissions in Beijing City

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第9期52卷 1274-1281页

作者： LIU Yuan SHAO Min State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 China

Black carbon is a by-product of incomplete combustion of carbon containing fuels. It can alter atmos-pheric radiation property and make adverse impacts on human health. The energy consumption in Beijing City depends largely on coal burning. Recently,Beijing City has been performing the municipal energy structure adjustment as a tool for air pollution abatement,aiming at the air quality goal for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. Based on Beijing energy use data in 2000,combined with emission fac-tors of major sources of black carbon,the emission of black carbon in Beijing City is estimated to be 7.77 Gg. Coke,raw coal and biomass as non-commercial energy are the main contributors to municipal black carbon emissions. Based on Beijing energy planning in the year 2008,the emission of black carbon in 2008 will be 2.97 Gg if the contribution from biomass is not taken into account. Assuming that the black carbon emission from rural biomass in 2008 is the same as that in 2004,the biomass burning will be the largest emitter of black carbon to Beijing City in 2008.

关键词：北京炭黑排放估计预测空气污染物

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Integrated assessment and changes of ecological environment in the Daning River Watershed

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Frontiers in Biology 2007年第4期2卷 474-478页

作者： LIU Ruimin SHEN Zhenyao State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Based on Remote Sensing(RS),Geographical Information Systems(GIS),and the Spatial Principal Compo-nent Analysis(SPCA)method,the integrated assessment and changes in the ecological environment of Daning River Watershed are studied in this *** watershed is located in the Three Gorge Area in *** result of the integrated assessment showed that level 9 had the biggest proportion in the year 1990,which was about 40%.In the year 2000,however,there were no levels with a proportion significantly bigger than the *** comparing the assessment results in 1990 and 2000,it is discovered that the ecological environ-ment in Daning River Watershed in 1990 was better than that in 2000.

关键词： Daning River watershed remote sensing GIS spatial principal component analysis eco-environmental integrated assessment

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Source profiles of particulate organic matters emitted from cereal straw burnings

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2007年第2期19卷 167-175页

作者： ZHANG Yuan-xun SHAO Min ZHANG Yuan-hang ZENG Li-min HE Ling-yan ZHU Bin WEI Yong-jie ZHU Xian-lei State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen 518055 China

Cereal straw is one of the most abundant biomass burned in China but its contribution to fine particulates is not adequately understood. In this study, three main kinds of cereal straws were collected from five grain producing areas in China. Fine particulate matters （PMzs） from the cereal straws subjected to control burnings, both under smoldering and flaming status, were sampled by using a custom made dilution chamber and sampling system in the laboratory. Element carbon （EC） and organic carbon （OC） was analyzed. 141 compounds of organic matters were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrum （GC-MS）. Source profiles of particulate organic matters emitted from cereal straw burnings were obtained. The results indicated that organic matters contribute a large fraction in fine particulate matters. Levoglucosan had the highest contributions with averagely 4.5% in mass of fine particulates and can be considered as the tracer of biomass burnings. Methyloxylated phenols from lignin degradation also had high concentrations in PM2.5, and contained approximately equal amounts of guaiacyl and syringyl compounds. 13-Sitostrol also made up relatively a large fraction of PMz5 compared with the other sterols （0.18%-0.63% of the total fine particle mass）. Normal alkanes, PAHs, fatty acids, as well as normal alkanols had relatively lower concentrations compared with the compounds mentioned above. Carbon preference index （CPI） of normal alkanes and alkanoic acids showed characteristics of biogenic fuel burnings. Burning status significantly influenced the formations of EC and PAHs. The differences between the emission profiles of straw and wood combustions were displayed by the fingerprint compounds, which may be used to identify the contributions between wood and straw burnings in source apportionment researches.

关键词： biomass burning cereal straw particulate organic matter source profile

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Membrane fouling control by ultrasound in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2007年第3期1卷 362-367页

作者： SUI Pengzhe WEN Xianghua HUANG Xia State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

fouling online in an anaerobic membrane bioreac-tor(AMBR).Short-term running experiments were carried out under different operating conditions to explore feasible ultrasonic *** experimental results indicated that when the crossflow velocity was more than 1.0 m/s,mem-brane fouling could be controlled effectively only by hydro-dynamic methods without *** ultrasound was applied,an ultrasonic power range of 60-150 W was suitable for the membrane fouling control in the experimental *** experimental results showed that the membrane fouling was controlled so well that membrane filtration resistance(ΣR)could stay at 5×10^(11)m^(−1) for more than a week with the crossflow velocity of 0.75 m/s,which equaled the effect of crossflow velocity of more than 1.0 m/s without ultrasound.

关键词： anaerobic membrane bioreactor membrane fouling control ultrasound

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Influence of glucose feeding on the ligninolytic enzyme production of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2007年第1期1卷 89-94页

作者： ZHOU Xiaoyan WEN Xianghua FENG Yan The State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The present work studied the influence of glucose feeding on the ligninolytic enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a nitrogen-limited(C/N ratio is 56/8.8 mmol/L)*** sets of shaking flask experiments were *** results showed that 2 g/L glucose feeding on the first day of the culture(24 h after the inoculation)stimulated both fungal biomass growth and enzyme *** manganese peroxidase(MnP)activ-ity was 2.5 times greater than that produced in cultures with-out glucose ***,the glucose feeding mode in fed-batch culture was also *** to cul-tures with glucose feeding every 48 h,cultures with glucose feeding of 1.5 g/L(final concentration)every 24 h produced more *** peak and total yield of MnP activity were 2.7 and 3 times greater compared to the contrast culture,respectively,and the enzyme was kept stable for 4 days with an activity of over 200 U/L.

关键词： white-rot fungus ligninolytic enzymes glucose feeding fed-batch culture

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Detection of Escherichia coli in wastewater based on enzyme immunoassay

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2007年第3期1卷 381-384页

作者： XI Haiyan CAI Qiang HE Miao SHI Hanchang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

This research describes a fast detection method on the basis of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for Escherichia coli in drainage of wastewater treatment *** conditions such as the reaction format(sandwich or direct),the concentrations of diluted horse radish peroxidase(HRP)-*** conjugate,and anti-HPR antibody and pretreatment of *** were *** results showed that the linear range of detection for *** was 10 cfu/mL-6×10^(4) cfu/*** with conventional methods,it is a convenient and sensitive detection method with low cost.

关键词： Escherichia coli fast detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) wastewater treatment plant

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Microcystin-LR detection based on indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2007年第3期1卷 329-333页

作者： SHENG Jianwu HE Miao YU Shaoqing SHI Hanchang QIAN Yi Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control(ESPC)State Key Joint Laboratory Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Microcystins(MCs)are a group of closely related toxic cyclic heptapeptides produced by common cyanobacte-ria,which cause lots of accidents and threatens human *** this paper,an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay(ic-ELISA)was established and used to detect microcystin-LR(MC-LR)in drinking and surface *** concentration of coating antigen was 5 mg/mL,the dilution of monoclonal antibody MC10E7 was 1:3000,the dilution of enzyme tracer(goat anti-mouse IgG-peroxidase)was 1:3000,the standard concentration of MC-LR ranged from 0.001 mg/L to 30 mg/L,and o-phenylenediamine was used as *** assay showed high relativity with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with a correlation coefficient of more than 99%.The relative standard deviation was less than 10%,the detection limit was achieved down to 0.01 mg/L and up to 5.1 mg/*** quantitative detection range was from 0.03 mg/L to 3 mg/L,and the antibody had high specificity for[4-arginine]*** performed well in spite of the influence of the real samples.

关键词： microcystin-LR monoclonal antibody indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) detection

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Effects of road networks on ecosystem service value in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第A02期52卷 180-191页

作者： WANG Juan CUI BaoShan LIU ShiLiang DONG ShiKui WEI GuoLiang LIU Jie Sate Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China China Non-ferrous Metals Resource Geological Survey Beijing 100021 China

基于陆地使用(陆)(在 1985 和 2000 )并且在纵的范围峡区域( LRGR )的道路网络( RN )数据，在道路网络的骚乱下面的生态系统服务值( ESV )损失被使用风景降级索引( LDI )在生态系统服务功能( ESF )上澄清人的活动的效果估计。结果证明 E... 详细信息

基于陆地使用(陆)(在 1985 和 2000 )并且在纵的范围峡区域( LRGR )的道路网络( RN )数据，在道路网络的骚乱下面的生态系统服务值( ESV )损失被使用风景降级索引( LDI )在生态系统服务功能( ESF )上澄清人的活动的效果估计。结果证明 ESV 减少了超过

关键词：生态环境道路网络系统纵向岭谷区

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