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Uncovering the evolution of tin use in the United states and its implications

Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第6期15卷 281-291页

作者： Congren Yang Xianlai Zeng Haodong Li Zuyuan Tian Wei Liu Wenqing Qin Jinhui Li School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Tin is of key importance to daily life and national security;it is considered an essential industrial *** United states(US)is the world’s largest economy and consumer of natural ***,the analysis of historical tin use in the US is helpful for understanding future tin use trends in the world as a whole and in developing *** series analysis,regression analysis with GDP or GDP/capita,and historical data fitted with logistic and Gompertz models are employed in this *** tin use in the US shows three stages-increase-constant-decrease,as GDP per capita has *** use in the US is negatively correlated with the GDP value added by the manufacturing sector,while the use of tin worldwide and in China continues to increase along with the GDP value added by the manufacturing *** a sigmoid curve can fit the US tin use data well,that use is not directly related to the limited tin reserves or ***,policies,economic restructuring,substitutions,new end-use markets,*** played key roles in the changing tin use *** work contributes to understanding future tin use at both the global and national levels:tin use will continue to increase with GDP at the global level,but use patterns of tin at the national level can be changed through human intervention.

关键词： Tin use GDP Curve fitting Logistic model Gompertz model

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Hydrothermal aging alleviates hydrocarbon poisoning effects on high-silica Cu-SSZ-16 catalysts for NH 3 -SCR

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2025年 158卷 13-23页

作者： Huan Zhou Jianqi Liu Yan Zhang Shichao Han Jinpeng Du Wenpo Shan Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pollution Control for Port-Petrochemical Industry Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315800 China Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201210 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Hydrocarbons (HCs) exert toxic effects on the activity of Cu-based zeolite catalysts for NH 3 -SCR on diesel vehicles. This study investigated the hydrocarbon resistance of both fresh and hydrothermally aged high-silica Cu-SSZ-16 catalysts. It was found that low-temperature activity of Cu-SSZ-16 catalyst decreased after C 3 H 6 poisoning, which was mainly due to the blockage of pore channels and the coverage of Cu active sites as well as acid sites by the formation of carbon deposits. Additionally, [Cu(OH)] + -Z was proposed to be more easily affected by C 3 H 6 poisoning than Cu 2+ -2Z. Hydrothermally aged Cu-SSZ-16 presented better C 3 H 6 resistance than the fresh catalyst since less carbon deposits were accumulated and [Cu(OH)] + -Z species were partially transformed to more-stable Cu 2+ -2Z in the aged sample. This was probably because of the reduction of acid sites and the formation of CuO x , which enhanced the oxidation of C 3 H 6 , thereby inhibiting the formation of carbon deposits. In addition, the coverage of the active Cu species also influenced the adsorption and oxidation of NO, causing a decrease in low-temperature activity. Thus, the low-temperature activity could be fully recovered by hydrothermal treatment at 500 °C due to the removal of carbon deposits and recovery of Cu active sites as well as acid sites. In summary, high-silica Cu-SSZ-16, with high resistance to HCs and excellent hydrothermal stability, is a competitive candidate as a catalyst for the NH 3 -SCR reaction in practical application.

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Adsorption of Gas-Phase Sulfur Mustard on environmental Water/Ice Films

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Hao, Shangpeng Chen, Jing Wang, Haitao State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing102205 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China

Sulfur mustard (HD), a highly toxic vesicant used as a Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA), can remain for a few weeks once leaked into the environment. This work investigated the mass uptake of sulfur mustard vapor on thin water and ice films as well as air-water/ice interfacial and bulk partitioning of sulfur mustard under several typical environmental conditions by using a flow tube reactor. The partition constant of sulfur mustard in the sea water was close to that of pure water, and greater than that in the river water. The effects of water properties (including salinity, humic -like substance contents, and surface tension) on the air-water partitioning of HD were investigated. The adsorption enthalpies and entropies of HD uptake in thin water film were obtained from the temperature dependence was 20.76±1.08 kJ/mol and 71.58±3.91 J/mol. The quasi-liquid layer on the ice surface appeared to play a crucial role in the adsorption process as the ice thickness decreased. The data collected in this study are essential in developing effective strategies for managing and mitigating the risks associated with the leakage of chemical warfare agents containing sulfur mustard. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adsorption

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CeO_(2) doping boosted low-temperature NH3-SCR activity of FeTiOx catalyst:A microstructure analysis and reaction mechanistic study

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 69-81页

作者： Wei Tan Shaohua Xie Wenpo Shan Zhihua Lian Lijuan Xie Annai Liu Fei Gao Lin Dong Hong He Fudong Liu Department of Civil Environmentaland Construction EngineeringCatalysis Cluster for Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations(REACT)NanoScience Technology Center(NSTC)University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32816USA Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions ControlSchool of EnvironmentCenter of Modern AnalysisNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Institute of Engineering Technology Sinopec Catalyst Co.Ltd.Sinopec GroupBeijing 101111China

FeTiOx has been recognized as an environmental-friendly and cost-effective catalyst for selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NOx with *** at further improving the low-temperature DeNOx efficiency of FeTiOx catalyst,a simple strategy of CeO_(2) doping was *** low-temperature(<250°C)NH3-SCR activity of FeTiOx catalyst could be dramatically enhanced by CeO2 doping,and the optimal composition of the catalyst was confirmed as FeCe_(0.2)TiOx,which performed a NOx conversion of 90%at ca.200°*** to X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectra and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy(XAFS)analysis,FeCe_(0.2)TiOx showed low crystallinity,with Fe and Ce species well mixed with each *** on the fitting results of extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS),a unique Ce-O-Fe structure was formed in FeCe_(0.2)TiOx *** well improved specific surface area and the newly formed Ce-O-Fe structure dramatically contributed to the improvement of the redox property of FeCe_(0.2)TiOx catalyst,which was well confirmed by H2-temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR)and in situ XAFS *** enhanced redox capability could benefit the activation of NO and NH_(3) at low temperatures for NOx *** detailed reaction mechanism study further suggested that the facile oxidative dehydrogenation of NH_(3) to highly reactive-NH_(2) played a key role in enhancing the low-temperature NH_(3)-SCR performance of FeCe_(0.2)TiOx catalyst.

关键词： NH3-SCR CeO_(2)doping Low-temperature NOx removal Improved redox property In situ XAFS analysis

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Moving policy and regulation forward for single-use plastic alternatives

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 191-194页

作者： Wenbing Tan Dongyu Cui Beidou Xi State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater PollutionChinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Single-use plastics are often used once or cannot be reused for extended *** are widely consumed with the rapid development of social *** waste generated by single-use plastics threatens ecosystem health by entering the environment and ultimately restricts sustainable human *** innovation of sustainable and environmentally friendly single-use plastic alternative materials and the joint participation of governments,enterprises and the public are promising technologies and management approaches that can solve the problem of single-use plastics *** development of single-use plastic alternative products can be promoted fundamentally only by improving relevant legislation and standards,providing differentiated industrial policies,encouraging scientific and technological innovation and expanding public participation.

关键词： Single-use plastic alternatives Policy Regulation Sustainable development

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Development of a Method to Determine the environmental Burden of Diseases and an Application to Identify Factors Driving Changes in the Number of PM_(2.5)-Related Deaths in China between 2000 and 2010

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environment & Health 2024年第9期2卷 642-650页

作者： Ning Kang Pengfei Li Tao Xue Tong Zhu Institute of Reproductive and Child Health National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health/Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(PKU)School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China Institute of Medical Technology Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China Advanced Institute of Information Technology Peking UniversityHangzhou 311215China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Exposure and Health Risk Management and Center for Environment and HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Exposure and Health Risk Management and Center for Environment and Health and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The attributable burden is codetermined by the exposure level and nontarget ***,the conventional method of health impact assessment based on preestablished exposure−response functions includes only a few well-known characteristics and thus is insufficient to capture the comprehensive *** aimed to develop a method to fuse health impact assessment with epidemiological analysis and to identify factors driving baseline *** method was applied to identify the factors underlying the change in the number of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))related deaths in China between 2000 and *** the study period,the number of PM_(2.5)-related deaths across China's Mainland increased by 0.62(95%CI:0.57,0.69)million,with 0.65(95%CI:0.47,0.91)million,0.55(95%CI:0.39,0.79)million,and 0.11(95%CI:0.06,0.18)million deaths being associated with increased PM_(2.5)exposure,population aging,and growth in population size,***,economic growth,urbanization,improvement of welfare services,and improvement of hospital services resulted in 0.25(95%CI:0.15,0.40)million,0.16(95%CI:0.10,0.27)million,0.16(95%CI:0.09,0.26)million,and 0.09(95%CI:0.05,0.15)million fewer deaths,*** indicated that increased exposure was the major driver of the change in the number of PM_(2.5)-related deaths,and economic growth was the main driver of increased resilience to air pollution.

关键词： health burden decomposition analysis air pollution fine particulate matter premature deaths

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Significant concurrent decrease in PM_(2.5) and NO_(2) concentrations in China during COVID-19 epidemic

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2021年第1期33卷 346-353页

作者： Biiuu Chu Shuping Zhang Jun Liu Qingxin Ma Hong He State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Enuironmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The strict control measures and social lockdowns initiated to combat COVID-19 epidemic have had a notable impact on air pollutant *** to observation data obtained from the China National environmental Monitoring Center,compared to levels in 2019,the average concentration of NO_(2) in early 2020 during COVID-19 epidemic has decreased by 53%,50%,and 30%in Wuhan city,Hubei Province(Wuhan excluded),and China(Hubei excluded),***,PM_(2.5) concentration has decreased by 35%,29%,and 19%in Wuhan,Hubei(Wuhan excluded),and China(Hubei excluded),*** significant declines have also been found for SO_(2) and CO *** also analyzed the temporal variation and spatial distribution of air pollutant concentrations in China during COVID-19 *** decreases in PM_(2.5) and NO_(2) concentrations showed relatively consistent temporal variation and spatial *** results support control of NO x to further reduce PM_(2.5) pollution in *** concurrent decrease in NOx and PM_(2.5) concentrations resulted in an increase of O3 concentrations across China during COVID-19 epidemic,indicating that coordinated control of other pollutants is needed.

关键词： Covid-19 epidemic Air quality Temporal variation and spatial distribution Coordinated control PM_(2.5) O3

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Progress of Air pollution control in China and Its Challenges and Opportunities in the Ecological Civilization Era

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Engineering 2020年第12期6卷 1423-1431页

作者： Xi Lu Shaojun Zhang Jia Xing Yunjie Wang Wenhui Chen Dian Ding Ye Wu Shuxiao Wang Lei Duan Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

China’s past economic growth has substantially relied on fossil fuels,causing serious air pollution *** economic growth and pollution has become the focus in developing ecological civilization in *** have analyzed the three-decade progress of air pollution controls in China,highlighting a strategic transformation from emission control toward air quality *** control of sulfur dioxide(SO2)resolved the deteriorating acid rain issue in China in *** 2013,control actions on multiple precursors and sectors have targeted the reduction of the concentration of fine particulate matter(PM2.5),marking a transition to an air-quality-oriented *** ozone(O3)pollution further requires O3 and PM2.5 integrated control strategies with an emphasis on their complex photochemical *** improvement of air quality in China,as a key indicator for the success of ecological civilization construction,demands the deep de-carbonization of China’s energy system as well as more synergistic pathways to address air pollution and global climate change simultaneously.

关键词： Air pollution control Ecological civilization PM2.5 Low-carbon development Ozone

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Long Term Impact of Electrical Resistance Heating on Soil Bacterial Community Based on a Field Test

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Xu, Wenxin Cao, Lifeng Ge, Runlei Li, Shupeng Wei, Yunxiao Yang, Yunfeng Li, Guanghe Zhang, Fang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Beijing100015 China BCEG Environmental Remediation Co. Ltd. Beijing100015 China

Thermal remediation is an effective technology for organic contaminant remediation. However, the application of thermal remediation may have negative effects on soil properties and ecological functions, which requires further investigation. Based on a pilot test of electrical resistance heating remediation (ERH), soil samples were collected at different locations after heating for 116 days. Most soil physicochemical properties except total organic carbon were less affected by the heating temperature difference. Application of high temperature increased microbial abundance but inhibited alpha diversity of the bacterial community. More significant changes in microbial communities were observed at temperatures above 60°C. The genera mainly affected by heating temperature included Flavobacteria, Brockia, and S085, while the increase in temperature also inhibited the abundance of nitrochlorobenzene functional genes. At 140 days after the end of the pilot test, the bacterial community affected by thermal remediation could recover effectively, and the recovery of the bacterial community was not affected by temperature difference during the heating period. This study provides valuable field evidence of the long term impact of soil ERH treatment on soil properties and microbial communities, and provide further references for optimization of remediation performance with coupled technologies. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Soils

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Insight into the Deterioration Mechanism of Gas Diffusion Electrode During Long-Term Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide Under Industrially Relevant Current Densities

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhao, Erzhuo Wang, Shiyi Yu, Gang Wang, Yujue School of Environment Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China

The long-term stability of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) is critical for industrial H2O2 electrosynthesis from two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e-ORR), but has rarely been investigated. Herein, we evaluated the stability of carbon black-polytetrafluoroethylene (CB-PTFE) based GDEs during H2O2 electrosynthesis in sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) electrolytes under industrially relevant conditions. Results show that the GDEs maintained stable H2O2 production with Faradaic efficiencies (FEs) of ~75% for ~300 h under 150 mA/cm2. However, FEs then declined gradually to eventually ~15% at 840 h, after which the GDE failed due to water flooding. Increasing applied current density to 200 mA/cm2 accelerated the deterioration process and caused electrode failure after 350 h operation. Characterizations of the GDEs used for varying durations indicate that the deterioration of GDEs is mainly caused by oxidation of CB catalysts, defluorination of PTFE, and intercalation of Na in CB particles during H2O2 electrosynthesis. These three interrelating mechanisms gradually decreased the hydrophobicity, the 2e-ORR activity and selectivity of GDEs, and increased the porosity of GDEs. These changes in turn promoted H2O2 decomposition and progressive water intrusion into the internal pores of GDEs during H2O2 electrosynthesis, thus causing the gradual decreases of FEs and electrode flooding. Due to the gradual changes of GDE properties, it is challenging to maintain long-term stable H2O2 production under industrially relevant current densities. More studies are needed to improve the design and operation of GDEs to resolve the deterioration process of GDEs and thus extend their lifetime during H2O2 electrosynthesis. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sodium sulfate

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