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NSVineCopula: R package for modeling non-stationary multivariate dependence

environmental Modelling and Software 2025年 190卷

作者： Zhang, Q. Li, Y.P. Huang, G.H. Huang, X.M. Wang, H. Wang, Z. Xu, Z.P. Wang, Y.Y. Shen, Z.Y. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Institute for Global Change Studies Tsinghua University Beijing100875 China Institute for Energy Environment and Sustainable Communities University of Regina ReginaSKS4S0A2 Canada

A vine copula is a flexible method for multivariate dependence simulations that assumes stationarity. However, only a few studies have focused on non-stationarity and comprehensively developed nonstationary vine copula functions. In this study, a novel R package, NSVineCopula was developed and presented. Canonical-vine and Drawable-vine structure with 36 bivariate copula functions were considered in NSVineCopula. This package is capable of capturing non-stationary multivariate dependence, providing time-varying parameters for each bivariate copula, and quantifying the conditional probability. Notably, NSVineCopula provides a simple way for sampling non-stationary vine copulas. The capability of NSVineCopula was evaluated through two case studies: (1) agricultural drought risk assessment under compound dry-hot extreme conditions and water level prediction. The results demonstrate the advantages of NSVineCopula in non-stationary multivariate dependence analysis, and highlights the potential of NSVineCopula in many fields. Overall, NSVineCopula can provide valuable and robust functionalities for modeling nonstationary multivariate dependence. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Copula Multivariate dependence Non-stationarity R package Vine copula

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Removal and ecological impact of sulfamethoxazole and N-acetyl sulfamethoxazole in mesocosmic wetlands dominated by submerged plants: Plant tolerance, microbial response, and nitrogen transformation

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Science of the Total environment 2025年 958卷 178034页

作者： Mu, Xiaoying Chen, Congli Fan, Qinya Zhang, Weihang Liu, Fei Guo, Jiaxun Qi, Weixiao Liu, Huijuan Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100085 China School of Environment and Spatial Informatics China University of Mining and Technology Jiangsu Province Xuzhou221116 China Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center China Three Gorges Corporation Wuhan430010 China

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and its human metabolite N-acetylsulfamethoxazole (N-SMX) are frequently detected in aquatic environments, posing potential threats to freshwater ecosystem health. Constructed wetlands are pivotal for wastewater treatment, with plant species serving as key determinants of pollutant removal efficiency. In this study, wetlands dominated by three submerged plants (Myriophyllum verticillatum, Vallisneria spiralis, Hydrilla verticillata) were respectively constructed to investigate the removal of SMX and N-SMX, and the impact on wetland ecology regarding plant tolerance, microbial response, and nitrogen transformation. Results showed that wetlands removed N-SMX (82.3–99.8 %) more effectively than SMX (54.3–80.2 %), with the wetland dominated by Myriophyllum verticillatum showing the highest removal efficiency. However, high concentrations (5 mg/L) of SMX and N-SMX significantly reduced NH4+-N and TN removal (p © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Historical inventories and future scenarios of multiple hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) emissions from the iron and steel production industry in China

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Science of the Total environment 2025年 958卷 178051页

作者： Yang, Junqi Tian, Hezhong Fu, Zhiqiang Bai, Xiaoxuan Wang, Kun Liu, Wenjun Lu, Yiping Zhou, Yu Zhao, Hongyan Cui, Jiangyu Du, Qinwei State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Beijing100045 China Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science Beijing Academy of Science and Technology Beijing100054 China

Iron and steel production (ISP) is one of significant atmospheric pollution emission sources in China. With the implementation of ultra-low emission (ULE) standards, a detailed and new updated emission inventory is urgently needed for better understanding of the temporal trends and spatial variation of emission characteristics. In this study, a unit-based comprehensive emission inventory of multiple hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) for the Chinese ISP spanned from 2012 to 2021, including the conventional pollutants, 13 kinds of Trace elements as well as 2 unconventional but toxic pollutants (PCDD/Fs, F), was dedicatedly developed by integrating dynamic localized emission factors with unit-based information of both the detailed activity level and abatement technology application. Scenario analyses were also conducted to forecast future emission trends up to 2050. The results showed that the lower emission factors owing to ULE retrofits had resulted in different spatial-temporal emission characteristics between outputs and HAPs emissions. The atmospheric emissions of SO2, NOX, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, F and PCDD/Fs from Chinese ISP in 2021 were estimated at about 414.4, 450.5, 1044.3, 2001.6, 3958.8, 9.42 kt and 9.35 kg-TEQ, respectively. And most HAPs emissions were lower than those in 2012. Regarding the spatial distribution, Hebei, Jiangsu, Shanxi, ranked as the top 3 emission provinces. Moreover, different manufacturing processes (sintering, blast furnace, steel making, etc.) contributed with different magnitude for specific species, and the future trends estimation showed a great reducing potential caused by the implementation of ULE abatement measures and structure adjustment in future. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Iron and steel industry

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Long-term effects of PM2.5 constituents on childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: evidence from a large population-based study in the Pearl River Delta Region, China

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environmental Research 2025年 277卷 121641页

作者： Zeng, Hui-Xian Meng, Wen-Jie Zeng, Qing-Guo Wei, Jing Liu, Lu-Sheng Wu, Qi-Zhen Zhao, Bin Oudin, Anna Yang, Mo Jalava, Pasi Dong, Guang-Hui Zeng, Xiao-Wen Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health Ministry of Education Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment Department of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Public Health Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510080 China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College ParkMD United States State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing100084 China Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Umeå University Umeå Sweden Department of Environmental and Biological Science University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland

Background: Evidence linking fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constituents to childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was limited. Objectives: To investigate the individual and joint effects of exposure to PM2.5 constituents on ADHD. Methods: We conducted a large population-based survey involving 110,818 school children aged 6–18 years across six cities in the Pearl River Delta region, China. The three-year average concentrations of PM2.5 constituents (black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) were estimated using the ChinaHighAirPollutants dataset. Parents completed an ADHD checklist using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria. The individual and joint associations between PM2.5 components and ADHD were estimated using generalized linear mixed models and the quantile g-computation regression model, respectively. Results: The exposure-response relationships between PM2.5 constituents and ADHD primarily exhibited a nonlinear pattern. Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertiles of PM2.5 and its components were linked to greater odds for ADHD (e.g., the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.37 (95 % confidential interval (CI): 1.27, 1.47) for PM2.5, 1.51 (95 %CI: 1.40, 1.63) for OM, 1.29 (95 %CI: 1.20, 1.39) for BC, and 1.20 (95 %CI:1.08, 1.34) for sulfate). Similar positive associations were observed between BC and sulfate exposure and ADHD subtypes. Moreover, joint exposure to PM2.5 components was associated with ADHD (OR = 1.14, 95 % CI:1.10, 1.18), with OM and BC contributing more to the observed associations. Conclusions: These findings highlight the varying contributions of PM2.5 constituents to ADHD and underscore the importance of reducing specific PM2.5 component emissions to mitigate the burden of PM2.5-associated neurodevelopmental diseases. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Regression analysis

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Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial pathogens in water and sediment in urban recreational water

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2019年第3期31卷 65-74页

作者： Peiyan Dong Qijia Cui Tingting Fang Yong Huang Hui Wang State Key Joint Laboratory on Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University

The emergence and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) and pathogens in the environment are serious global health concern. However, information about the occurrence of ARGs and pathogens in recreational water is still limited. Accordingly, we investigated the occurrence of six ARGs and human pathogens in three recreational lakes, and the correlations between ARGs and one mobile genetic element(intI1) were analyzed. The quantitative PCR results showed that the concentration of ARGs ranged from 4.58 × 10~0 to 5.0 × 10~5 copies/mL in water and from 5.78 × 10~3 to 5.89 × 10~8 copies/g dry weight(dw)in sediment. Sul1 exhibited the highest level among the five quantifiable ARGs. The concentrations of sul1, bla_(-TEM), and tetX exhibited significant positive correlations with intI1(p < 0.05), indicating that intI1 may be involved in their proliferation. The detection frequencies of ARGs ranged from 75%–10~0%, indicating the prevalence of these risks in this region. The concentration of Escherichia coli, Aeromonas spp., Mycobacterium avium,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica ranged from 10~3 to 10~5 copies/10~0 mL in water and 10~4–10~6 copies/g dw in sediment. In total, 25% of the samples harbored all pathogen genes, indicating the prevalence of these pathogens in recreational ***, the next-generation sequencing results showed that 68 genera of pathogens were present, among which Aeromonas, Mycobacterium, and Pseudomonas were the dominant ones in this region, posing a considerable potential health risk to public health. Overall, the widespread distribution of ARGs and pathogens underscores the need to better monitor and mitigate their propagation in recreational lakes and the associated risks to human health.

关键词： Recreational water ARGs Class 1 integron Pathogen diversity and concentration

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Evaluation of oxygen transfer parameters of fine-bubble aeration system in plug flow aeration tank of wastewater treatment plant

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2013年第2期25卷 295-301页

作者： Xiaohong Zhou Yuanyuan Wu Hanchang Shi Yanqing Song State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua University

Knowledge of the oxygen mass transfer of aerators under operational conditions in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant （WWTP） is meaningful for the optimization of WWTP, however, scarce to best of our knowledge. Through analyzing a plug flow aeration tank in the Lucun WWTP, in Wuxi, China, the oxygenation capacity of fine-bubble aerators under process conditions have been measured in- situ using the off-gas method and the non-steady-state method. The off-gas method demonstrated that the aerators in different corridors in the aeration tank of WWTP had significantly different oxygen transfer performance; furthermore, the aerators in the same corridor shared almost equal oxygen transfer performance over the course of a day. Results measured by the two methods showed that the oxygen transfer performance of fine-bubble aerators in the aeration tank decreased dramatically compared with that in the clean water. The loss of oxygen transfer coefficient was over 50% under low-aeration conditions （aeration amount 〈 0.67 Nm 3 /hr）. However, as the aeration amount reached 0.96 Nm 3 /hr, the discrepancy of oxygen transfer between the process condition and clean water was negligible. The analysis also indicated that the non-steady-state and off-gas methods resulted in comparable estimates of oxygen transfer parameters for the aerators under process conditions.

关键词： fine-bubble aerator off-gas method non-steady-state method oxygen transfer parameters

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The performance of a combined nitritation–anammox reactor treating anaerobic digestion supernatant under various C/N ratios

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2015年第4期27卷 207-214页

作者： Jian Zhao Jiane Zuo Jia Lin Peng Li State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University

A combined nitritation–anammox reactor was developed to treat the digestion supernatant under various C/N ratios. Due to the difficulties for heterotroph to utilize the refractory organics, the reactor presented relatively stable performance with increasing supernatant addition. Nevertheless, the adverse effects of supernatant would accumulate during the long-term operation and thus weakened the activity and shock resistance of microbes,which further led to the gradual decrease of reactor performance after 92 days＇ *** this circumstance, supernatant with volatile fatty acids（VFAs） residuals was further introduced into the reactor to investigate the performance of combined nitritation–anammox process with VFA addition. With the appearance of VFAs, the nitrogen removal performance gradually restored and the reactor finally achieved stable and efficient performance with C/N ratio of 0.35. The VFA residuals within 150 mg/L in the supernatant served as the extra electron donors and stimulated the heterotrophic denitrification process, which was vital for the enhancement of reactor. The nitrogen removal rate and total nitrogen removal efficiency reached 0.49 kg N/（m^3·day） and 88.8% after 140 days＇ operation, respectively. The combined nitritation–anammox reactor was proved suitable to treat digestion supernatant.

关键词： Combined nitritation–anammox Anaerobic digestion supernatant C/N ratios Volatile fatty acids

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Landfill depths alter microbial community structure and ecological assembly by affecting δ13C and organic matter

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Waste Management 2025年 203卷 114881页

作者： Wang, Yu-Xin Liu, Qing-Yu Du, Jun-Yan Sha, Hao-Qun Su, Jing Sun, Yue Mao, Jing-Ying He, Xiao-Song State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China Ministry of Ecology and Environment Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection Guangxi Nanning China

Microorganisms are crucial for the degradation of organic matter during landfill. However, the processes of microbial community assembly and ecological niche in landfill are poorly understood. Here, the mechanisms underlying microbial assembly in landfill were investigated based on neutral theory, niche distribution and network analysis. The results showed that moisture and potassium in the landfilled wastes increased with depth, while organic matter and δ13C were significantly higher in the middle layer than in the surface and bottom layers (P 15N significantly influencing bacterial community composition. Deterministic processes over stochastic processes were pronounced in the surface layer, with the latter accounting only for 3.8 %. As landfill depth increased, variations in organic matter composition led to a greater influence of stochastic processes (52.7 %), while deterministic processes accounted for only 5.8 %. The niche breadth of abundant taxa was narrower than conditionally rare or abundant taxa, with their distribution primarily regulated by waste δ13C (P 13C driven organic matter availability and stochastic assembly processes. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Listeria

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A pH-responsive production of hydroxyl radical in Fenton process

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environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2025年 25卷

作者： Wang, Pengyi Kang, Fan Huang, Xiangbin Luo, Zhipeng Zou, Jing Yang, Min Sun, Meng Yu, Xin Zeng, Huabin College of the Environment & Ecology Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control College of Civil Engineering Huaqiao University Fujian Xiamen 361021 China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Shenzhen 518055 China Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Efficient management of temporal latency and spatial heterogeneity remains a critical challenge in sensor-based pH regulation for smart water management, primarily due to inherent response delays and mass transfer constraints. In oxidation systems with dynamic pH environments, delayed responses can lead to issues such as cyanide release, unwanted side reactions, or pipe damage. To address these challenges, we propose a “pause-then-adjust” control strategy, exploiting the pH-responsive generation of hydroxyl radicals (^•OH) in a modified Fenton reaction system. This system utilizes hydroxylamine as an electron donor and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a stabilizer for iron ions. Within the pH range of 7.0–10.0, the coexistence of [Fe²⁺-EDTA]²⁻ and [Fe³⁺-OH-EDTA]²⁻ complexes facilitates efficient electron transfer, resulting in the selective and sustained production of ^•OH radicals. The inherent pH-responsiveness of this strategy enables rapid and spatially coherent adjustments, offering a robust supplementary method for addressing complex and evolving requirements in advanced water treatment systems. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： EDTA Fenton process Hydroxyl radical Hydroxylamine pH-responsiveness

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Molecular characteristics and plastic additives in dissolved organic matter derived from polystyrene microplastics: Effects of cumulative irradiation and microplastic concentrations

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Water Research 2025年 282卷 123641页

作者： Cao, Yuanyuan Liu, Yang Guo, Kehui He, Wei Hur, Jin Guo, Huaming Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of MWR Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution of MOE School of Water Resources and Environment China University of Geosciences Beijing Beijing 100083 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Center for Water and Ecology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Environment and Energy Sejong University 209 Neungdong-ro Seoul Gwangjin-gu05006 Korea Republic of State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences Beijing Beijing 100083 China Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth China University of Geosciences Beijing Beijing 100083 China

Microplastic-derived dissolved organic matter (MP-DOM), released during ultraviolet-induced aging of microplastics (MPs), has emerged as a critical yet underexplored topic regarding the environmental impacts of MPs. However, the effects of irradiation intensity on the release and molecular diversity of MP-DOM, including plastic additives, remain poorly understood. In this study, the photoaging processes of polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) were simulated under varying cumulative irradiation (irradiation intensity × irradiation duration) and PS-MPs concentrations (1 − 5 g/L). The PS-derived DOM (PS-DOM) was characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), and liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). After 21 days of irradiation, the amount of leached PS-DOM ranged from 7.76 to 39.40 mg-C/g. Cumulative irradiation significantly accelerated PS-MPs aging and PS-DOM leaching (p 2. Beyond this threshold, PS-MPs exhibited substantial size reduction, increased oxidation, and enhanced PS-DOM leaching. FT-ICR MS analysis revealed that PS-DOM contained 30.1 %−31.8 % unique components compared to natural organic matter, with greater degradability at lower PS-MPs concentrations. Furthermore, LC-HRMS identified 13 oxidation products and 25 plastic additives in PS-DOM, with their amounts decreasing as PS-MPs concentrations increased, from 17.05 to 3.24 mg/g and 4.88 to 1.85 mg/g, respectively. Notably, lower PS-MPs concentrations resulted in greater cumulative irradiation per unit mass, intensifying PS-DOM leaching, enhancing degradability, and increasing plastic additives release. This study highlights the environmental implications of per unit cumulative irradiation on MP-DOM leaching and its molecular composition, providing insights into its ecological risks and potential impacts on aquatic systems. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Liquid chromatography

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